Nick Pear shine ɗayan kyawawan nau'ikan lambu. Abubuwan halayen iri-iri suna ba da damar haɓaka shi ba kawai a tsakiyar layi ba, har ma a cikin arewacin arewacin Rasha. Tsarin dasa da kulawa bashi da bambanci a kowace wahala kuma yana da araha koda ga masu farawa.
Bayanin da halaye na iri-iri
Yawan nau'in nau'in pear Nika wani nau'in hunturu ne wanda aka bred a Cibiyar Michurin sakamakon tsallake nau'ikan biyu - Talgar Beauty da 'yar Dawn. Itace mai girma yana da matsakaicin tsayi na 3-4 m, ƙwallon ƙafa da na zube. Nick ya sami mafi girman rarraba a yankin tsakiyar Black Earth. 'Ya'yan itãcen suna da siffar oval, nauyi 120-200 g, fata mai laushi tare da murfin kakin zuma wanda ke kare bushewa lokacin bushewa. Launin 'ya'yan itatuwa lokacin da aka cire shi daga bishiyar launin rawaya-kore mai duhu. Lokacin adanawa, launi yana canzawa ya zama haske mai launin rawaya tare da launin ruwan hoda-ja mai haske yana rufe yawancin 'ya'yan itacen.
Cream pear ɓangaren litattafan almara, daidaitaccen-grained daidaito, kayan zaki, mai daɗi da tsami, ba tare da astringency ba. Yawancin nau'ikan sun haɗu har zuwa 10.2% na sukari a cikin 'ya'yan itãcen marmari, wanda yake mafi nuna alama ga wannan al'ada. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari za a iya amfani da su don shirye-shiryen abincin abincin gwangwani, da kuma amfani mai kyau. Lokacin girbi yana cikin Satumba. Amma ga sauran nau'in pear pear na hunturu, ripeness mai amfani yana faruwa a watan Nuwamba. Bayan kwance kaɗan, 'ya'yan itãcen sun sami ƙanshin ƙanshi na muscat na wannan iri da dandano mai yawa. An adana pear na Nick don watanni 3-4. Mafi kyawun lokacin amfani shine ana la'akari daga Nuwamba zuwa Janairu.
'Ya'yan itãcen Nick's pear masu launin shuɗi-mai launin shuɗi ne, kuma lokacin da aka adana ya zama launin rawaya mai launin shuɗi
Abvantbuwan amfãni da rashin amfani
Don gano idan wannan nau'in ya dace da dasa shuki da haɓaka akan rukunin lambun ku, kuna buƙatar yin la’akari da ribobi da mazan jiya. Nick Pear yana da fa'idodi masu zuwa:
- high da kuma barga fruiting;
- babban juriya ga sanyi;
- tare da ƙananan lalacewar sanyi ga rassan, an dawo da sauri;
- kyakkyawan jigilar kaya;
- jure cututtukan hankula na amfanin gona da aka bayar;
- kyawawan 'ya'yan itatuwa masu kyau.
Amma akwai iri da kuma rashin nasara:
- dasa pollinators wajibi ne don kyakkyawan fruiting;
- ana iya samun amfanin gona na farko don shekaru 5-6 bayan dasawa;
- bukatar sau da yawa samar da kambi.
Babban pollinators
Kodayake pear's pear yana da isasshen magani, amma don samun wadataccen haɓaka, dole ne pollinators ya girma a kusa. Kamar wannan, akwai pears wanda yayi fure a lokaci guda: Duchess, Svetlyanka, Rogneda.
Domin Nick's pear ya samar da babban amfanin gona, dole ne a dasa pollinators kusa da nan
Dasa Nika Pear
Domin pear ya ɗauki tushe sosai bayan dasa, yana da mahimmanci don zaɓar kayan da ya dace kuma shirya wurin don shuka amfanin gona.
Zabin Seedling
Sau da yawa sau da yawa, lambu suna fuskantar sayan kayan dasa a cikin kasuwanni kuma ƙasa da galibi a cikin shagunan. Mafi kyawun zaɓi shine don siyan seedling a cikin gandun daji, amma ba kowa bane ke da wannan damar. Don yin zaɓin da ya dace na shuka, da farko dai, yakamata a kula da bayyanar ta: kada a sami alamun bushewa ko bushewa.
Kowane seedling ya kamata ya sami alama tare da bayani game da masana'anta, iri-iri tare da bayanin halayensa. Idan ba a nuna alamar dasa kayan ta wannan hanyar ba, to an fi sayo a wani wuri, tunda ingancin irin wannan seedling zai kasance mai shakku.
Kyakkyawan tsarin tushen ya kamata ya sami tsarin tushen ci gaba: aƙalla 5 babba da ƙarin ƙarin Tushen tare da tsawon cm 30 Inari, tushen ya zama mai tsabta kuma mai haske ba tare da wani lalacewa ba kuma alamun lalacewa. Don dasa shuki, yana da kyau ka sayi seedlingsan shekaru biyu, wanda za'a iya yin hukunci da shi da rawanin da bai dace ba.
Don dasa pears, yana da kyau ka sayi seedlingsan shekaru biyu da haihuwa, kamar yadda aka fi ɗauka tushe
Zaɓin shafin da shiri
Da farko kuna buƙatar la'akari da cewa pear yana buƙatar yanki mai haske. In ba haka ba, akwai yuwuwar rage yawan abubuwan sukari na 'ya'yan itacen da ƙananan amfanin. Duk da matsakaicin matsakaicin girman da Nika pear ke dashi, ya kamata a guji dasa shuki tsakanin sauran bishiyoyi. Kuna buƙatar yanke shawara akan wuri don dasawa a gaba, saboda daga baya ba lallai ne ku canza shuka, musamman tunda pear ɗin baya son wannan.
Kirki bai yarda da rikitarwa na ruwa ba, saboda haka ba a dasa shi a cikin tsaunukan ƙasa ba. Ya kamata a sa ruwa a cikin ƙasa aƙalla 2-2.5 m.
Don amfanin gona da ake tambaya, yashi, yashi, gandun daji, loamy ko chernozem kasa ana ɗauka sun fi dacewa. Ana shirya ramin saukowa ya fi kyau a yi tun daga faɗuwar (Oktoba-Nuwamba). A lokacin hunturu, settleasa za ta zauna kuma za ta kasance takin.
Zai fi kyau fara fara rami rami domin dasa shuki tun daga faduwar
An haƙa rami tare da diamita na 60-80 cm da zurfin kusan m 1. A kan aiwatar da tono, an jefa saman ƙasa na ƙasa zuwa gefe - za a buƙaci lokacin dasa shuki, kuma ba za a buƙaci ƙasa daga zurfin ba. An zubar da abubuwan da aka biyo baya a cikin ramin:
- 3 buhu na humus;
- 2 buhu na m yashi;
- 1 tbsp. superphosphate;
- 3 tbsp. l potassium sulfate.
Don samar da seedlings tare da abinci mai gina jiki a karo na farko, ana ƙara takin mai magani a cikin rami na dasa
All aka gyara hade da hade da Bugu da kari na sama Layer na duniya. Sannan ramin ya cika da ruwa, wanda shine tbsp 2. Ana narkar da guga ɗaya. gari da dolomite gari ya zuba a cikin rami, bayan haka kuma an zuba wasu buhu biyu na tsarkakakken ruwa. Ana zuba wani yanki na ƙasa mai dausayi a saman kuma an bar rami a wannan halin har sai lokacin bazara. Idan ba a aiwatar da irin wannan hanyar a gaba ba, dole ne a yi shi aƙalla makonni 1-3 kafin sauka.
Dasa seedling
An dasa pear a cikin marigayi Satumba-farkon Nuwamba ko a ƙarshen Afrilu-farkon Mayu har sai an buɗe furanni. Tsarin ya ƙunshi matakai masu zuwa:
- An cire wani ɓangare na ƙasa daga ramin saukowa kuma ana tura kukan katako a ciki, wanda zai zama tallafi ga ƙuruyar matasa.
- Ana zubar da ƙasa a cikin ramin saboda an kafa karamin tudu.
- An dasa seedling a hankali, yana yada asalinsu.
An saka maɓallin ƙaramin rami a cikin rami na dasa shuki, ana kuma daidaita tushen seedling a hankali
- Tushen tushen ya cika har yasa tushe wuyansa shine 4 cm cm sama da ƙasa, bayan wannan ƙasa ta ɗan lalace.
Tsarin tushen ya cika har zuwa wannan matakin wanda tushen wuyansa ya zama 4 cm cm sama da ƙasa
- An yi shinge daga ƙasa kusa da gefen ramin dasawa domin idan lokacin shayar da ruwa ba zai yi gefe ba.
- 2-3 buckets na ruwa ana zuba a ƙarƙashin seedling.
Bayan dasa shuki na pered, zuba buhuna 2-3 na ruwa
- Lokacin da ruwa ya shiga ciki, ƙasa tana mulmulawa da ɗanɗano ko ɗanɗano tare da faɗin 5-10 cm.
Bayan shan danshi, an shuka ciyawar da aka dasa tare da bishiyar ciyawa ko peat
- An ɗaure ƙwayar itace tare da fegi tare da igiya. Don kada yayi girma ya zama itace, an lullube haushi da roba.
Pear seedlings an haɗe su da fegi tare da igiya ko roba
Tushen tushe shine wurin da kututturar juyawa zuwa ga tushen sinadarin.
Tushen tushe a kan seedling shine wurin da gangar jikin ke canzawa zuwa tushen saiti
Bidiyo: yadda ake dasa pear
Idan, bayan dasa shuki, yanayin yayi zafi da bushe, ya kamata a yi ruwa kowane kwanaki 10.
Fasali na namowa da kuma laifofin kulawa
Kulawar da ta dace game da pear ta pear ta ƙunshi wasu ayyukan noma, kamar shayarwa, sanya miya, girki.
Watse
An biya kulawa ta musamman don shayarwa a farkon lokacin da dasa shuki a cikin seedling, wanda ya sa tushen tsarin yakan ɗauki tushe. Yakasance ban ruwa yakamata ya zama wanda ba zai yuwu ba, kusan sau daya a wata. Koyaya, yana da daraja la'akari da yanayin yanayi: idan akwai yanayin zafi da bushe, shayarwa ya kamata ya zama mafi yawan lokuta. Hanyar, duk da bayyananniyar sauƙi, ya kamata a aiwatar da daidai. Bai kamata a shayar da itacen da ruwan sanyi ba kuma kai tsaye ƙarƙashin tushe. In ba haka ba, ana wanke Tushen kuma wataƙila tsire na iya mutuwa. Ruwan ruwan ya kamata ya zama buhun 2-3 a cikin 1 m² na kewayen akwati.
Ya kamata a ɗora da ruwa mai ɗumi a cikin maɓuɓɓugar da aka shirya a gaba
Don ban ruwa yi amfani da ruwa mai ɗumi, wanda aka mai da shi a ko'ina cikin yini a cikin ganga ko guga. Additionari ga haka, a kusa da itacen kana buƙatar tono ramin mara zurfi kuma a hankali ciyar da ruwa a ciki. Bayan kammala aikin da kuma shan ruwa, duniya a kewayen bishiya ta kwance, wanda ke kawar da samuwar ciyawar. Wannan dabara tana inganta musayar iska, ta haka inganta iskar oxygen zuwa ga tushen saiti.
Don tabbatar da riƙe danshi a cikin ƙasa, ana bada shawara ga ciyawa a saman akwakun tsummoki bayan an kwance shi.
Bidiyo: yadda ake shayar da pear yadda yakamata
Manyan miya
Tunda tushen tushen pear ya ta'allaka ne, ana amfani da takin ƙasa sama-sama a mafi yawan lokuta. A karo na farko, ana gabatar da abinci mai gina jiki a cikin ramin saukarwa. Sannan Nick takin ne a cikin kaka, wanda suke amfani da abubuwan da aka sanya daga kwayoyin ko ma'adinai. Ya kamata a lura cewa a cikin kaka, ba a buƙatar nitrogen don itacen, tunda yana ba da gudummawa ga ci gaban taro na ciyayi. Dangane da wannan, sabo kwayoyin halitta ya kamata a cire su. A wannan yanayin, suna amfani da takin mai ma'adinai (phosphorus da potash), amma akan kasa mai humus, ba za a iya rarraba abubuwan sarrafawa ba. Sabili da haka, bayan yin ma'adinan, an cika ƙasa da peat da humus daidai gwargwado, yayyafa da'irar kusa da gangar jikin 15-20 cm.
Peat da humus daidai gwargwado ana amfani dasu azaman takin gargajiya akan kasa.
A cikin kaka, ana iya yin takin ƙasa a ƙarƙashin digging ko a cikin hanyar samar da abinci mai gina jiki. Ana gabatar da riguna masu kyau a cikin nau'in ruwa a cikin ƙasa ta hanyar furrows tare da zurfin 20-30 cm (zurfin ya dogara da shekarun itaciya). A karkashin digging yi:
- 30 g na babbar superphosphate;
- 15 g na potassium chloride;
- 150 ml na itace ash.
Alkalumman sun danganta ne da 1 m². Ana amfani da kayan haɗin guda ɗaya don shirya maganin gina jiki, banda ash. Ma'adinan ma'adinai ana narkewa a cikin lita 10 na ruwa kuma an gabatar da su cikin raunin furci a cikin da'irar kusa da ruwa mai farashi (buhu 2 a 1 m²). A cikin bazara, pear yana buƙatar nitrogen don gina kambin lush. A wannan yanayin, ana iya aiwatar da sutura ta sama tare da ɗayan abubuwan da aka haɗa:
- 200 g na urea da lita 10 na ruwa a cikin pears 2 na manya;
- 30 g na ammonium nitrate da 10 l na ruwa - 2 pears;
- 500 g na tsuntsaye droppings da lita 10 na ruwa - nace a rana da ruwa 5 a kowace lita 1 itace.
A cikin bazara, pear yana buƙatar nitrogen, wanda zaku iya amfani da urea
A lokacin bazara, don samuwar 'ya'yan itatuwa, al'adar na bukatar karin potassium da phosphorus, gami da abubuwan da aka gano. Lokacin ciyarwa, zaku iya bi wannan ka'idar:
- abubuwan da ke dauke da sinadarin phosphorus - har zuwa 300 g a guga na ruwa;
- potassium gishiri - har zuwa 100 g kowace guga na ruwa;
- boron mahadi - har zuwa 20 g da guga na ruwa;
- shirye-shiryen tagulla - har zuwa 5 g na 10 l na ruwa;
- yana nufin tare da magnesium - ba fiye da 200 g ta lita 10 na ruwa ba.
- zinc sulfate - har zuwa 10 g da guga na ruwa.
Yin gogewa da kulawa
Don daidaita yawan amfanin ƙasa, girman 'ya'yan itacen, har ma da hana ci gaban cututtuka, dole ne a yanke pear. A karo na farko ana yin wannan hanya yayin dasa shuki: an dasa guntun bishiyoyi ta hanyar 1/3 na tsawon. Wannan zai taimaka ga saurin sa kambin. Nick pear an bada shawarar a yanka shi kowace shekara a farkon lokacin bazara kafin a fara toho. Idan an cire harbi gaba daya, hemp buƙatar ba za a bar shi ba. Wadancan rassan, wadanda suke da 'ya'yan itatuwa suka gangara kasa kuma suka sauka akan shi, suma suna kan hanyar cirewa. Bugu da kari, itaciyar tana bukatar bakin ciki a duk shekara - kar a bada izinin thickening na kambi. Bar kawai karfi da kafa na harbe, da kuma cire mai rauni da mai lankwasa. Gyara yakamata ya zama bai wuce 1/4 na adadin rassan ba.
A lokacin pruning, an yanke rassan saboda kada wani kututture ya kasance
Idan ba a sare Nick's pear ba, to sai an nuna kambi da sauri, 'ya'yan itaciya kuma sun zama kanana.
A cikin shekarar farko bayan dasa shuki na seedling na la'akari iri-iri, ana bada shawara don ɗaukar yawancin furanni. Wannan dabara tana inganta darajar rayuwar itaciyar. A cikin shekaru masu zuwa, ya zama dole don cire rabin 'ya'yan itaciyar da aka kafa, wanda ya kai girman diamita na' yan santimita kawai. Manufar da ake bi na wannan hanyar ita ce samar da amfanin gona. A sakamakon haka, 'ya'yan itacen da suka rage a jikin bishiyar za su sami ƙarin nauyi, kuma itacen da kanta zai fi dacewa don sanyi.
Nika pear yana buƙatar girke-girke na shekara-shekara, wanda zai baka damar daidaita yawan amfanin ƙasa, girman 'ya'yan itace, yana hana haɓaka cututtuka
Duk da cewa Nika iri-iri abu ne mai jure sanyi sosai, ana bada shawara ga ciyawa da'irar tare da dokin humus don kare kananan matasa daga matattarar dusar ƙanƙara da kuma tsananin sanyi. Bugu da kari, shtamb din ya kamata a lullube shi da kayan da bai saka ba, alal misali, Agroteks. Ta wannan hanyar, a nan gaba yana yiwuwa a kare bishiyoyi ta maye gurbin fari.
Bidiyo: yadda ake datsa pear
Cutar da kwari
A cewar rajista na jihar, Nika pear yana da tsayayya da scab da septoria. Duk da tsananin rigakafi, an bada shawarar ɗaukar matakan kariya waɗanda ke hana bayyanar kowace matsala. Wadannan ayyuka sun hada da:
- sanya riguna na kan lokaci na bishiyar, wanda ya bashi damar shawo kan cututtukan da za su iya yiwuwa;
- bin ka'idodin ban ruwa, tunda ƙasa mai laushi yanayi ne mai kyau don haɓakar ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta;
- datse lokaci na tsabtace rassan, tsabtace na ganye da 'ya'yan itace da suka fadi, da kuma tonon gangar jikin bishiyar yana taimakawa ga lalata yawancin kwari a cikin ganye, ƙasa da kuma rassan lalacewa;
- farawa daga cikin akwati da rassan kwarangwal tare da turmi mai lemun tsami don kare kan kwari da kwari;
- bincika itace na yau da kullun don kwari da cututtuka, kuma idan sun gano, yin amfani da magunguna masu dacewa.
Sake Gani
Nick ya shuka iri biyu na shekara. A cikin hunturu na farko, itaciyar tayi sanyi kadan, kuma bazara mai zuwa ba ta yi fure ba. Amma bayan shekara guda, ya murmure sosai, pear ɗin yayi fure har ma ya ba ɗan ƙaramin amfanin gona. Wato, ta fara bada 'ya'ya a cikin shekara ta huɗu ta rayuwa. 'Ya'yan itãcen ana sung a ƙarshen Satumba, da wuya crumble. Pears suna da dadi, tare da muguwar itace-m grap da taɓawa daga nutmeg. Ya juya don adana su kawai watanni 1.5-2, tun da ba ni da ajiya na musamman. Kodayake an bayyana juriya ga scab a cikin bayanin iri-iri, a shekarar da ta gabata Nika ta lura da ƙananan aibobi akan wasu fruitsa fruitsan itace. A bayyane yake, juriya ga wannan cuta ta iri-iri ana hankali ana rasa shi, don haka ya kamata a aiwatar da rigakafin.
Igor Viktorovich
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Muna da Nick pear girma a cikin gidan bazara. Ta fara yin 'ya'ya a cikin shekara ta huɗu. Kowane kaka muna yanke rassan bakin ciki kuma pear yana girma a cikin bazara ta bazara, kuma a cikin kaka yana ba da ƙarin yawan amfanin ƙasa. Ciyar da cakuda da ya haɗa da: ash, chernozem, bunsuru, doki da taki. Al'adar bata da ma'ana, amma tana son gefen rana. Muna zaune a cikin ƙasa ta Krasnodar, don haka pear ya jure hunturu mai-kyau sosai. Shekarar ta shida tana girma.
Anthony
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Nika Pear ingantacciyar gona ce ta bunkasa ta bangarorin gonar masu zaman kansu da kan gonaki. Tun da itacen ana saninsa da ƙananan girmansa, ya dace a yi aiki tare da shi duka lokacin girbi da kulawa. Duk da fa'idodi da yawa na Nicky, 'yan lambu da farko suna yaba mata don unpretentiousness da kyakkyawan ingancin' ya'yan itatuwa tare da tanadin dogon lokaci.
