Cherry itace ɗayan tsirrai da aka fi yawaita itace. Kowa ya san cewa grafting babbar hanya ce ta sake sabunta gonar, fadada ire-iren ire-iren su, kara yawan aiki da isar da kaddarorin musamman ga bishiyar. Kwanakin da aka aiwatar suna da alaƙa da halayyar-ire-ire iri da fasahar noma, da kuma yanayin yanayi da yanayi na shekara.
Kwayar cututtukan ƙwayar ceri na bazara
An yi la'akari da lokacin bazara mafi dacewa lokacin dasa bishiyun 'ya'yan itace, gami da cherries. Itace tana farkawa bayan hutu lokacin hunturu, abubuwan gina jiki suna motsa kara, wanda yake taimakawa ciwan zafin da akeyi tare da kamfani.
Yaushe dasa shuki a cikin bazara
Mafi kyawun lokaci don grafting cherries a cikin bazara shine lokacin daga farkon Maris zuwa farkon kwanaki goma na Afrilu, i.e., lokacin da shuka yake fara barin yanayin da yake ciki. Specificarin takamaiman kwanakin ana tantance su ta yanayin yanayin yanayin yankin. Don haka, a tsakiyar layi, farkon lokacin dasawa ya canza zuwa farkon Afrilu. Babban shaci don shirin itace don alurar riga kafi shine kumburin da kodan, wanda ke nuna farkon kwararar ruwan itace.
Kuna buƙatar sanin cewa daga yanzu don cin nasara alurar riga kafi kuna da wani ɗan gajeren lokaci (sati daya da rabi) - mafi yawan motsin ruwan juji, ƙarancin inganta aikin dasawa. Akwai dalilai guda biyu don wannan:
- Juice a cikin yanka shine oxidized, an kirkiro fim din oxide, wanda ke hana zane. Don haka, tilas ne a gudanar da aikin rigakafin bazara cikin sauri.
- A wani lokaci mai zuwa, yawan kayan abinci mai gina jiki da abubuwa masu sabuntawa na iya hana itaciyar ta karvi abin maye a matsayin wani sashin jiki.
Akwai sanannen alama: aikin alurar rigakafi na iya farawa lokacin da ƙasa ta shimfiɗa akan bayonets biyu na felu.
Akwai dabarun graft sama da 130; dukkansu sun dace da girke girkewar 'ya'yan itace a bazara. Don cherries, mafi kyau duka a wannan lokacin ana ɗauka hanyoyin da aka dogara da inoculation tare da kayan da aka girbe a ƙarshen kaka.
Tebur: Mafi kyawun dabarun yin bazara grafting spring
| Kafin farkon kwarara ruwan itace | A lokacin ya kwarara ruwan itace |
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Kafin aikin, kula da yanayin hannun jari. Idan itacen ba fari ba ne, amma ya samo launin toka-toka, to yadudduka suna yin sanyi. Irin wannan daskarewa bazai tasiri cigaban rayuwar itaciyar ba, amma irin wannan ajiyar bata dace da grafting ba.
Hoton hoto: dabarun cuku cuku cuku cuku
- Inoculation tare da buttstock tare da harshe ya dace da cherries, waɗanda ba su fara gudana ba tukuna
- Hakanan ana yin alwala kafin farkon kwararar ruwan
- Kwafi ya kasu kashi biyu: mai sauqi kuma ingantacce
- Alurar riga kafi don haushi za a iya za'ayi ba tare da yankan shi ba, kazalika da barin sadaki
- Inoculation na bawo shima yana yin watsi da karuwa
- Alurar riga kafi a kan haushi tare da yanke yana nufin rabuwa da haushi a cikin haɗin tare da sanduna
Bidiyo: rigakafin ceri ceri na bazara
A wani yanayi zazzabi cherries inoculate a cikin bazara
Zabi lokacin grafting ceri a cikin bazara, lambu masu gogewa ana jagorar su ba kawai ta kalanda ba, har ma ta canza yanayin yanayi. Koda a cikin yanki ɗaya, lokacin zai iya bambanta kowace shekara ta mako 1-2. Saboda haka maganin ba ya daskare ba, ana aiwatar da shi lokacin da haɗarin dawo da daskararru. An yi la'akari da mafi kyawun zazzabi a sama +50Farin ciki kuma babu kasa da 00Da Dare.
Lokaci da fasali na rigakafin bazara
A lokacin rani, ana yin allurar rigakafin ne yayin yafiya ta biyu - a cikin shekaru goma na ƙarshe na Yuli kuma har zuwa tsakiyar watan Agusta.
A shirye domin yin rigakafin ne m da mataki na maturation na cuttings da kuma lag da haushi a rootstock: a daya daga cikin rassan daga cikin rootstock, shi wajibi ne don yin incision da kuma raba haushi daga itace. Idan ta fita kyauta, za ka iya fara aikin.
A lokacin rani, yawanci ana yin rigakafi tare da kore kore ko koda. Wannan shine ɗayan fa'idojinta, tun da babu buƙatar magance girbi da adanar kayan itace. Yawancin dabarun da ake amfani dasu a lokacin bazara sune:
- budding (alurar riga kafi tare da koda);
- tsage allurar rigakafi;
- alurar riga kafi don haushi.
A lokacin rani, ya fi kyau a yi wa kawance ta hanyar kawanya
Bayan 'yan kwanaki kafin a aiwatar, itacen ya kamata a ciyar da shi da ruwa. Wannan zai inganta ya kwarara ruwan itace da rarrabuwa a cikin kayan kwandon shara. Don aikin da kansa, zaɓi girgije, amma ba ruwan sama ba. Idan yanayin ya bayyana sarai, to, ana aiwatar da aikin ne da sanyin safiya ko da yamma.
Wani zaɓi na rigakafin dacewa don cherries a lokacin rani shine hanyar raba.
Duba sakamakon aikin rigakafin bazara zai yiwu a cikin bazara.
Zafi da mummunar cutar tana shafar intgrowth. Don kada allurar ta bushe a cikin rana, dole ne ta zama inuwa. Sau da yawa saboda wannan suna yin kariya daga ƙyamar a cikin jakar da aka yi da abinci na abinci.
Bidiyo: duba shirye shiryen bishiyar don rigakafin bazara
Bidiyo: rigakafin bazara na cherries (budding)
Yaushe yafi kyau dasa cherries a cikin kaka
Ba za a iya kiran kaka lokacin da ya dace ba don matsololin cherry. A bu mai kyau da za a gudanar da shi ba kawai a cikin wuraren da masu ruwan sanyi ba. Lambu suna da wani ɗan gajeren lokaci don wannan hanya - mafi yawan 15 Satumba. Ya kamata yankan ya sami lokaci kafin ya ɗauki tushe kafin sanyi. A lokacin rigakafin kaka, ɓangaren juzu'i na scion tare da hannun jari ya faru, wannan tsari ya ƙare a cikin bazara. Don haka, zaka iya gano ingancin dasa lokacin da itaciyar ta farka bayan hunturu.
Don tsinkayen cherries a wannan lokacin, hanyar copulation da grafting cikin rarrabawa ya fi dacewa. Ana aiwatar da grafting na kaka, yawanci a cikin kambi na itaciyar kuma a rassan gefen, don bishiyoyi masu shekaru daya - biyu - a cikin akwati. Don harbe, tushen grafting akan tushen wuyansa ya dace.
Don hana daskarewa da ƙarshen alurar riga kafi, dole ne a sanya shi:
- Kunsa shafin grafting tare da takarda biyu na takarda da aka lika a hannun riga.
- Lectara ƙasa da tsarin tare da yarjejeniya kuma a tsare shi da igiya.
- Zuba sawdust a cikin hannun riga, a hankali tamping, kuma ɗaure ɓangaren na sama.
- Saka jakar filastik akan marufin.
- Don tabbatar da musayar iska, sa ciyawa mai bushe tsakanin polyethylene da takarda.
Ya kamata a sanya rigakafin a ƙarshen kaka don kada ya “dafa” ƙarƙashin zafin rana
Alurar rigakafin, wadda aka yi a wuyan tushe, ba za ta wahala daga sanyi ba, idan kun rufe ta da ganye ko kuma rassan spruce.
Alurar rigakafin hunturu
Duk da ra'ayin da ake ta yaɗawa, abu ne mai matuƙar gaske don yin allurar cherries a watannin hunturu. An yi imani da cewa itatuwa grafted a wannan lokacin fara kai 'ya'yan itace a baya kuma mafi sauƙin yi haƙuri sanyi.
Koyaya, dole ne ku fahimci cewa tasirin aikin da aka gudanar kai tsaye a cikin lambu a cikin sanyi zai zama sifili: a cikin hunturu, tafiyar matakai na rayuwa a hankali, inji yana hutawa. Sabili da haka, ana aiwatar da alurar riga kafi a ɗaka, yawanci a watan Fabrairu, kula da shirye-shiryen jari da ƙyamar gaba.
Dangane da rikodin shirye-shiryen shirye-shiryen rigakafin hunturu, ana yin su ne musamman a cikin ɗakunan hutawa.
Varietyanyen ceri suna da babban tasiri a kan tasiri na rigakafin hunturu. A matsayin scion, suna da tushe sosai:
- Matasa;
- Robin
- Zagoryevskaya;
- Bulatnikovskaya.
Mafi kyawun Manuniya a matsayin jari yayin aikin hunturu ana nuna su ta:
- Vladimirskaya;
- Lyubskaya;
- Fur gashi;
- Rastunya.
Hanyoyi don yin rigakafin cherries a cikin hunturu
A cewar masana, hanyar ingantaccen hadin-gwiwa ya fi dacewa da rigakafin hunturu. Ya ba da shawara cewa ana yin tsinkayar tsayin tsayi 2.5-3 cm akan scion da rootstock Ana iya harshe "kashi" bisa kashi ɗaya bisa uku na ƙarshen sassan, ana haɗa abubuwan haɗin.
Lokacin da za ku haɗi hannun jari da almara, yaruka yare yakamata su goyi bayan juna
Daidai ne, diamita na jari da scion ya zama iri ɗaya.
Kasuwanci da kamfani
A matsayin samfuran jari, an zaɓi ƙananan bishiyoyi na akalla 5 cm a diamita, masu dacewa da scion. A ƙarshen Oktoba - farkon watan Nuwamba an tono su, a sanya shi cikin kwalaye, ko jakun zane kuma an yayyafa shi da yashi. A wannan nau'in, ana adana seedlings a cikin ɗakin bene ko cellar a zazzabi 0 zuwa +30C, a lokaci-lokaci ana duba matakin danshi. A cikin kwanaki 1-2, ana canja hannun jari zuwa ɗakin da yake dumi, a wanke kuma a cire tushen da ya lalace.
Yanke Scion ana yanka a ƙarshen kaka ko a farkon Disamba. Yanayin zafin jiki kada ya faɗi ƙasa -100C. An yanyanke yankan, an sanya shi a cikin polyethylene kuma a adana shi cikin cellar ko a cikin firiji har zuwa ranar alurar.
Yadda ake adana bishiyoyi a hankali a cikin hunturu
Bayan alurar riga kafi, dole ne a fitar da tsire-tsire na dormancy. An sanya su cikin akwatuna tare da ciyawa, ƙanshin ƙura ko yashi kuma an aika su don daidaitawa a cikin ɗaki mai ɗumi mai zafin jiki na + 28 ... +300C. Bayan kwanaki 8-10 ana tura su zuwa cikin ginin, inda za su kasance cikin zazzabi 0 zuwa +30Daga har sai dasa shuki a cikin gona a cikin bazara. Seedlings suna transed zuwa m wuri a cikin fall na gaba shekara.
A lokacin ajiya na graeds seedlings, shi dole ne a tabbatar da cewa sawdust ne kullum rigar
Bidiyo: Alurar riga kafi ta lokacin sanyi
Saboda haka, bazara ceri grafting ya ba da babban sakamakon fusion na scion tare da stock. Idan saboda wasu dalilai ba zai yiwu a gudanar da aikin ba a cikin bazara, kada ku yanke ƙauna, gudanar da aikin a cikin kakar mai zuwa, zaɓi mafi kyawun lokacin da hanyoyin yin rigakafin.
