Wani baƙo daga yawon shakatawa na Amurka, kyakkyawa Thumbelina, prima donna na Siberiya - duka abu ne game da ceri da ake kira Bessey. Littlean ƙaramin sani, amma itace mai yaduwa shine ceri na micro kuma yana da fa'idodi masu yawa.
Tarihi da Bayani na Chersey Cherries
Ceri na sandy (ƙarancin ƙwaya) na ceri nasa mallakar ɗan adam ne. Ta zo mana daga Arewacin Amurka, inda ta girma daji a cikin farashi, yashi, a bakin bankunan koguna. An fara bayyana shi a cikin karni na XIX daga masanin kimiyyar Amurka Charles Bessie, a cikin wanda aka ba shi lambar girmamawa. Tun daga farkon karni na karshe, ƙasashen Amurkan sun fara kiwo don fara noman Bessei. An samo nau'ikan iri da yawa, amma muna da kusan ba a sani ba. A lokaci guda, Bessey ya zo wurin USSR, inda I.V. Michurin, wanda ya ba da shawarar wannan tsintsiya a matsayin tsirrai mai kariya, shine farkon wanda ya kula da ita.
Daga farkon 50s na karni na karshe har zuwa yau, an girma cherries a Siberiya, Urals da sauran yankuna saboda tsananin juriyarsu da rashin daidaituwa. Mazaunan Siberian sun riga sun harhada yawancin adadin nau'in Bessei da kuma kabeji. Rajistar ofasa ta Federationungiyar Federationasa ta Rasha ta haɗa da nau'ikan nau'ikan cherries 29 na ƙare don amfani.
Bessey Cherry wani tsintsiya tsintsiya ce.
Itace shishshigi ne har zuwa 1 m babba, ba sau da yawa - har zuwa 1.5-2, wasu lokuta 3. M rassan Brownish suna girma a sarari, galibi ma suna kwance a ƙasa ƙarƙashin nauyin amfanin gona. A cikin ƙarin nau'ikan zamani, suna iya girma a wani kusurwa na 45 ° har ma a tsaye, wanda ke tabbatar da yawan aiki. A ganye ne oblong, m, kama Willow ganye. Yana blooms marigayi - a ƙarshen Mayu, amma na dogon lokaci - na makonni 3. Girbe, yawanci berries densely rufe shekara-shekara rassan. The berries duhu, zagaye (amma kuma ana iya elongated, m), karami - daga 1.5 zuwa 2.5 g. Koyaya, akan wasu nau'ikan daga baya, zasu iya kai 3-5 g .. Dandalin yana da daɗin sabo, astringent. 'Ya'yan itãcen sun yi girma a watan Agusta, ba za su taɓa faɗuwa ba kuma suna iya rataye a kan rassan na dogon lokaci, suna wilting da kuma samun ɗanɗano mai kyau.
Dark Bersey Cherry Berries
Ana amfani da berries don sarrafawa, compotes, jam, ana dafa abinci daga gare su, kuma ana amfani dasu a cikin busasshen bushe da bushe.
Lokacin dasa tare da yankan, ceri ya fara kawo 'ya'yan itace a shekara ta biyu, lokacin dasa shuki tare da zuriya - a cikin na uku. Matsakaicin yawan amfanin gona ana girbi a shekaru 2-5 na fruiting, yawanci 3-5 kilogiram daga daji, har zuwa kilo 10 a cikin nau'ikan mutum kuma tare da kulawa mai kyau.
Cherwanin ryanyen pretan Mararriya mai rikitarwa da ƙyalƙyali zai zauna cikin nutsuwa kuma zai sami kwanciyar hankali ko'ina, komai makomar sa. Abin mamaki mai jurewa, yana jure wa daskarar da Siberian frosts da fari fari daidai. Koyaushe mai gamsarwa tare da babban kwalliya da takin gargajiya. Yana da kyau da kyau a lokacin furanni, lokacin da harbe aka yalwatsu da yawa strewn da kananan dusar ƙanƙara-fararen furanni, powdered tare da m beads na Carmine-ja stamens. Abin mamaki mai kyau a cikin kaka, lokacin da azurfa-kore, elongated-oval, kunkuntar, kamar Willows, ganye suna zama murjani-ja.
Fa'idodin Bessei:
- babban juriya mai sanyi, yana jure sanyi har zuwa -50 ° C;
- fari haƙuri;
- undemanding zuwa kasa, juriya ga salinity;
- unpretentiousness a barin;
- farkon balaga, ya fara fitar da 'ya'yan itace tuni a shekara ta biyu bayan dasa;
- Rashin buƙatar sarrafawa daga kwari, saboda suna jin tsoron ƙona wani takamaiman (yana kama da ƙanshin ceri tsuntsu);
- fruiting na shekara-shekara;
- rashin amfani da kayan marmari.
Rashin daidaituwa sun haɗa da yiwuwar cherries a cikin yanayin rigar zuwa coccomycosis da moniliosis.
Bidiyo: Bessey Cherry
Yadda ake shuka Bessey Cherry
Kafin dasa shuki na Bessei akan rukunin yanar gizonku, tabbatar cewa akwai ingantaccen wuri don wannan. Ya kamata a ɗaukaka shi, ya cika litti, yalwatacce. Ceri ba sosai game da kasa ba, amma yana son yashi, yashi ya fi yawa. Mustasa dole ne ya kasance alkaline ko tsaka tsaki, ƙasa mai acidic dole ne a yanke shi da ruwan lemun tsami ko gari mai dolomite.
Idan an sami wuri, muna samun shuki. Wannan ba koyaushe ba ne mai sauki tambaya. Ba duk yankuna suna da wuraren haihuwa ba wanda ke girma Bessei seedlings. Tabbas, zaku iya samun masana'antun da masu siyarwa waɗanda zasu aiko muku da seedlings ta mail, amma koyaushe ba koyaushe ne ke tabbatar da ingancin irin kayan shuka ba.
Da kyau, idan wani daga cikin maƙwabta ko kuma waɗanda ke da masaniya sun riga sun shuka irin ceri. Bayan haka zaku iya tambayar su don yanke ko ma tono branchesan rassa don tushen. Tsarin tsari abu ne mai sauki, yayi kama da haifuwar currants. Bayan haƙa rassan rassan a farkon bazara, ta kaka za ku iya samun nagarta, waɗanda suka kafe seedlings. Amma ya fi kyau dasa su a cikin bazara, plantings plantings kawo hadarin daskarewa, ko da yake wannan ceri ne sanyi-resistant. Sabili da haka, tsire-tsire shine mafi kyawun ƙwayar cuta da kuma rufe daga sanyi har sai lokacin bazara.
Bessey sauƙin yaduwa ta hanyar farashi
Mataki-mataki umarnin
Samun Bessei abu ne mai sauki kuma ba ya bambanta sosai da dasa wasu cherries:
- A lokacin fall, yi alamar wurin. Nisa tsakanin layuka ya kamata ya zama 3-3.5 m, tsakanin tsirrai a jere - 2 m.
- Shirya rami rami tare da diamita na 50-60 cm, zurfin 40-55. soilasa mai daɗin ƙasa ana luwaɗa daban.
- Cika cikin rami tare da cakuda saman m ƙasa tare da takin ko humus (10-20 kilogiram a kowace rami), ƙara 1 lita na itace ash da dintsi na superphosphate. A cikin ramuka suna barci gaba ɗaya kuma daga sama suna yin karamar tarko, wanda zai zauna har lokacin bazara.
- A farkon bazara, kafin a buɗe ayoyin (wannan yana da mahimmanci), sun fara shuka kai tsaye. An daidaita 'yan seedlings, an lalatar da waɗanda aka lalata tare da kayan bushewa. Idan yana cikin kwandon shara, fitar da shi tare da dunƙule na ƙasa kuma ya daidaita tushen. Idan ƙasa ta kasance abin fadi kuma ta birkice - Wannan ba laifi.
- A cikin rami na dasa shuki, an kafa tarko, wanda akan sanya seedling, ana rarraba Tushen a kusa da kewaye. An rufe shi da ƙasa, an cakuda kuma an shayar da shi da ruwa (bulo 2-3).
- Ciyawa tare da humus, takin, sawun furanni, da sauransu.
- An yanke harbi da 10-15 cm.
Ana sanya seedlings a kan sandoll, yana shimfiɗa tushen tare da gefuna, sannan an rufe shi da ƙasa
Fasali na namowa da kuma laifofin kulawa
Girma da kulawa da Bessey ba nauyi ba kuma baya buƙatar aiki mai yawa:
- idan rassan kwance a ƙarƙashin nauyin amfanin gona ya faɗi a ƙasa, yi wariyar ajiya;
- cire ciyayi, idan akwai;
- aiwatar da gurbataccen tsabtace idan ya cancanta;
- yi gwagwarmaya tare da cututtukan fungal lokacin da suka bayyana;
- A cikin tsananin dusar ƙanƙara, ciyawar tana rufe dusar ƙanƙara, tana kare harbe daga bushewa a cikin iska mai sanyi.
Mai jan tsami
Abincin kanada ba shi da yawa:
- lokacin dasa shuki, ana yanyan itace ta hanyar 10-15 cm, bayan haka daji zai zama da kanta saboda harbe da ke girma daga tushe;
- gudanar da tsabtace tsabta na shekara-shekara, wanda ke tafasawa zuwa cire bushewar harbe da lalace;
- aiwatar da yankan tsufa na tsufa a cikin shekaru 6 zuwa 7 (ana iya cire 100% na harbe-harbe, bayan haka sababbi zasuyi girma).
Cherries suna bukatar sanitary da anti-tsufa pruning
Alurar riga kafi
Saboda tsananin juriyarsa (har zuwa -26 ° C a cikin ƙasa), ana amfani da ƙwallan chersey a matsayin jari don irin nasu da kuma fruitsa fruitsan itaciya da yawa (plum, ceri plum, apricot, da dai sauransu). A cikin tsire-tsire da aka girma akan irin wannan hannun jari, ana jinkirtar lokacin furanni, wanda zai rage haɗarin lalacewa ta hanyar daskararruwar bazara. Hakanan karfin haɓaka yana raguwa, wanda ke sauƙaƙe samuwar ƙaramar kambi. Bessey da kanta kuma ta ɗauki tushe sosai, an liƙe ta a kan tsire-tsire na ƙungiyar 'ya'yan itace ta dutse.
Ana shuka ceri na chersey a kan takaddara ta musamman ko a kan itace mai shekaru 1-3 (daji). Kamar yadda hannun jari zai iya zama:
- wani Bessey;
- plum;
- juya;
- apricot da wasu mutane.
Mafi kyawun lokacin rigakafin shine bazara, lokacin kwarara kwararowar aiki. A lokacin rani, ana kuma ba da izinin aiwatar da aikin, amma kusa da ƙarshen, mafi muni da rayuwa.
Bessei za a iya grafted tare da duka shank (copulation) da ido (budding). Alurar riga kafi amfani:
- a cikin butt;
- don haushi;
- a cikin jijiyoyin baya;
- cikin sharewa.
Matakan-mataki-mataki don alurar riga kafi a cikin rarrabuwar:
- Fara da girbi mai girbi. Don dasa shuki, an shirya su a cikin kaka, bayan faɗuwar ganye, har ma a farkon hunturu. Wannan aikin da alama yana da sauƙi yana da takamaiman ka'idoji:
- ana buƙatar yanke itace daga bushes ɗin da aka tabbatar, kamar yadda berries ɗin da kuka tabbata game da yawan amfanin ƙasa;
- harbe, daga inda ake yanke itace, dole ne ya zama na shekara-shekara, da kyau a farfado;
- mafi kyawun cutan suna gefen kudu na daji;
- ɗauke su daga waje na kambi;
- tsawon lokacin rikewa ya kamata ya zama 15-20 cm;
- a kan rike ya kamata ya zama yalwataccen ci gaban bunƙasa 4-5;
- da takaice cikin internodes, mafi kyau;
- yawan adadin yanka da za a yanka ya kamata ya fi ɗan girma kaɗan da ake buƙata.
An girbe ganyen Bessei 15-20 cm tsayi, tare da bunƙasa 4-5 masu kyau
- Adana yankan yankan ta wannan hanyar:
- magance yanka tare da nau'in lambun;
- ɗaure ƙananan a cikin ɗaure, saka a cikin jakar filastik, amma kada ku ƙulla - dole ne su sha iska;
- sanya shi cikin akwati, an rufe shi da yashi ko ciyawar;
- an adana kwandon a cikin bene ko firiji a zazzabi na kusan 0 ° C;
- Suna cire ganyen daga shagon kai tsaye kafin aikin alurar riga kafi, saboda a wannan lokacin ya kamata suyi bacci.
- Don haka shirya jari:
- An yanke reshen da aka zaɓa a wani kusurwa ta dama zuwa gaɓakarta tare da matattarar lambu ko kuma wuƙa.
- Cikakken wuka ko wuka yi rago a tsakiyar reshen tare da zurfin cm 10 diamita na jari ya kamata ya zama diamita na sau biyu. Idan diamita na hannun jari ya fi girma, zaku iya dasa itace biyu (ko ma 3 da 4) a kai.
A tsakiyar scion, ana yin zurfin zurfin 10 cm.
- An saka maɓallin mayafi ko abu mai narkewa a cikin sharewar don kada ya rufe.
- Yi scion:
- Suna fitar da itace, ka tabbata an kiyaye shi kuma mai yiwuwa:
- haushi yana kallon sabo da laushi;
- ciyawar a sauƙaƙe take;
- Sikeli suna da laushi, na roba;
- itace a kan yanke sabo ne, koren haske a launi.
- Wuka mai kaifi daga wannan ƙarshen hannun yana yin yanka 2 da ke yin faɗin, tsawon mil 10 zuwa 15 mm.
- Suna fitar da itace, ka tabbata an kiyaye shi kuma mai yiwuwa:
- Inoculate:
- An saka shank ɗin da aka shirya (ko 2) a cikin ɓoye don jirgin sama ɓangaren (wanda ake kira cambial yadudduka) ya dace sosai.
An saka kayan da aka shirya a cikin tsagawar rootyard don jirgin sama na kayan ya zo daidai tare
- A hankali ka ɗauki sikirin, fir ɗin (ƙyallen) ya rage a cikin dashe.
- Filin rigakafin an nannade shi da tef.
Bayan alurar riga kafi, an lullube shi da kaset
- Manya daga cikin tushen rootyard da kuma wurin da ake yin allurar rigakafin suna da kyau tare da lambu var.
- Sanya a kan fakiti wanda aka liƙa tare da grafts don ƙirƙirar danshi da ake so.
- Bayan makonni 2, maganin yakan fara yin tushe, an cire kunshin. Ana cire kaset ɗin man shafawa bayan an cire jari da scion gabaɗaya.
- An saka shank ɗin da aka shirya (ko 2) a cikin ɓoye don jirgin sama ɓangaren (wanda ake kira cambial yadudduka) ya dace sosai.
Bessei grafting a kan ceri na al'ada
Bessey, tsananin magana, ba ceri sosai. Asali, ya fi kusa da matattarar kuma, a sakamakon, ba ya haɗa kai da ƙwallan talakawa. Saboda haka, allurar Bessei don cherries ba ta da tushe, kuma akasin haka - ceri na yau da kullun baya ɗaukar tushe, an liƙa su akan Bessei.
Yadda Ake Shuka Biranan Chersey
Bessei na haifeshi sosai da iri. Don wannan, ana amfani da tsaba daga cikakke berries. Jeri na girma seedlings daga zuriya:
- An wanke ƙasusuwa da aka zaɓa kuma an sanya su har kwana 7 a ruwa.
- An sake wanke kayan dasa kayan kuma a sanya shi a cikin kwandon cike da ƙwayar sphagnum, a baya an cika shi da ruwa, tsawon makonni a zazzabi na + 18 ... + 20 ° C. Ya kamata kasusuwa suyi yawa a wannan lokacin.
- Don ƙwaya, ana sanya akwati a cikin firiji tare da zazzabi na + 3 ... + 6 ° C har sai an yanke rabin tsaba. Sannan ana sanya ƙyanƙyallen ƙyallen a kan shiryayye daga cikin firiji tare da zazzabi na 0 ° C don dakatar da haɓaka, inda ake ajiye su har shuka.
Abubuwan fashewa suna ƙyanƙyashe da zazzabi na + 3 ... + 6 ° C
- Kwanaki 3-4 kafin shuka, ana girbe tsaba a zazzabi na + 19 ... + 21 ° C.
- Yankin da aka toshe za a iya shuka shi nan da nan a cikin ƙasa a cikin dindindin, amma ya fi kyau a yi wannan a cikin kwandon shara tare da zurfin aƙalla 30 cm. Pre-disinfect it, sannan lay magudana a ƙasan, misali, daga yumɓu mai yumɓu, kuma cika shi da ƙasa mai tattalin (ƙasar gona an cakuda shi daidai gwargwado, humus ko takin da peat), bayan an shuka tsaba.
- A shekara daga baya, matasa seedling ya shirya don dasa shuki a cikin m wuri.
Shekara guda bayan shuka irin ceri a cikin tukwane, 'ya'yan itacen za su kasance a shirye don dasawa
Cututtuka da kwari, hanyoyin magance su
Kamar yadda aka riga aka ambata, Bessei bashi da kwari. An yi sa'a, sai su tashi kusa da gefenta. Wasu nau'ikan a cikin wasu shekaru tare da babban zafi na iya shafar cututtukan fungal - coccomycosis da moniliosis. Da wuya (a cikin sanyi da kuma lokacin bazara) lalacewar kleasterosporiosis mai yiwuwa ne.
Karasawa
Coccomycosis ya bayyana kansa kamar haka:
- Ishwararren launin shuɗi ko launin shuɗi ya bayyana a waje da ganyen.
- A tsawon lokaci, suna ƙaruwa, naman ganyen yana bushewa, aibobi masu launin shuɗi suna bayyana akan ciki ganye.
- A karshen watan Yuli, ganye ya shafa ya bushe gaba daya ya fadi ya fadi. Asan daji na iya rasa ɗanɗano (abinda ake kira faɗuwar lokacin bazara).
Tare da coccomycosis, aibobi suna bayyana akan ganyayyaki
Dukkan ganyayyaki da suka fadi ana tattarawa ana ƙone su. Ana kula da busassun tare da fungicides na tsari (kwayoyi don magance cututtukan fungal). Ingantaccen Chorus da Quadris. Ana aiwatar da aiwatarwa tare da tazara tsakanin makonni 2, ƙarin magunguna. Tunda kudaden suna jaraba ne, yana da kyau kuyi amfani dasu basu da yawa sau 3 a kowace ɗaya. Ana iya cinye Berry kwanaki 3-5 bayan an yi jiyya tare da Quadris da kwanaki 7 bayan jiyya tare da Horus. A cikin kaka da (ko) farkon bazara, yana da kyau a kula da shuka tare da maganin 3% na baƙin ƙarfe sulfate ko cakuda Bordeaux don rigakafin.
Moniliosis
Moniliosis, ko monilial ƙona bayyana kanta a cikin bazara, a lokacin fure. Ta hanyar toho, spores na naman gwari shiga cikin itace. Rassa, ganye, fure suna kama da ƙone, amma yawancin lambu sun yi imanin cewa waɗannan alamun alamun hunturu ne ko maganin bazara mai guba tare da sunadarai.
Kayar Monnilliosis yayi kamar ƙonewa
Dole ne a yanke kofofin da ya shafa kuma a ƙone, sauran da suka rage ya kamata a bi da su tare da tsari na fungicides, kamar yadda yake tare da coccomycosis. A cikin kaka da bazara, dole ne a kula da tsire tare da maganin 3% na baƙin ƙarfe sulfate ko cakuda Bordeaux.
Kleasterosporiosis
Kleasterosporiosis, ko ganyen holey yana shafar ganye, harbe, fure. Cutar ta fara ne da bayyanar launuka masu launin ja-ruwan kasa akan ganyayyaki. Spoarin kuɗi, yayin da suke ƙaruwa, bushewa ciki da samar da ramuka. Ganyayyaki da furanni sun bushe kuma sun faɗi. Ganima na naman gwari hunturu a cikin haushi, a cikin ganyayyaki, a cikin ƙasa. Matakan sarrafawa suna kama da wadanda suka gabata.
Tare da ramuka na kleasterosporiosis akan ganyen ceri
Nazarin Bessey
Shekarar da ta gabata, na sayi ceri Bessey ta mail. Yayin da kunshin ke kunne, Nuwamba ta zo; akwai dusar ƙanƙara a da. A shawara da wasiƙar a haɗe zuwa kunshin, na haƙa da seedlings kusan a cikin wani wuri a kwance. Hakan ya faru ne a bara saboda wasu dalilai ban iya zuwa gidan ba kuma babu wanda zai amince da shi. Da nazo a wannan shekarar, na gano cewa dukkan tsire-tsire suna da rai, suna yin fure kuma babu wani abin da ya same su, kawai ceri na Bessey ya fito da wasu sabbin rassa wadanda ba su da saɓo da tushe, amma tsayayye sosai.
Elena
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Riga, yashi, mai rauni - nau'in nau'ikan iri ɗaya. Don pollination na biyu kwafin. da ake bukata. Moniliosis zai iya shafawa. Iri iri iri a cikin Siberiya, muna ƙone daga gare ta da sauri. A dandano. Yana tunatar da yawancin ckin tsuntsaye. A gare ni ya fi kyau Mara misalai. Tushen tsarin yana tsayayya da ƙarancin yanayin zafi. Sun rubuta cewa a cikin hunturu tushen wuya na iya tallafawa. Wannan bai faru da ni ba. Tare da plum da ceri ji ne pollinated, amma ba don girbi.Tare da kyakkyawan pollination, amfanin gona yayi yawa. Amma ya fi dacewa da aiki. A berries yawanci baki ne. Akwai nau'ikan launuka masu launin kore da rawaya mai launin rawaya.
Blooms profusely, kusan ba fada karkashin marigayi frosts saboda marigayi flowering. A ƙarshen Mayu, farkon watan Yuni. A lokacin rani, ganyen yana da silvery. A cikin kaka ana zane su da launuka masu haske mai launin shuɗi-mai haske.Sorokin
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Bessey shine ceri mai yashi. Ba ya daskare 100% tare da mu - yana zaune a bango na riƙewa, Tushen yana kusa da duwatsun daskarewa. Amma a fili ana samun rigar - dasawa bushes guda uku a gindin karamin gangara, hakika bata son ((
The berries manyan ne, duhu-duhu-ceri, a kan palate - wani abu tsakanin ceri da cherries)) Mai dadi, amma ba tare da shaye-shaye ba, ɗan tart. A gare ni, ceri ɗaya kaɗai zan iya ci.
Yankin daji yana da takamaiman tsari - ɗanɗana mai ɗanɗano, amma an kafa shi cikin sauƙi. A launi da ganye ne m launin toka-kore, blooms profusely tare da m kananan fararen furanni.Yankin
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Ba da daɗewa ba Bessey ya koma wurinmu daga Amurka. Tana da fa'ida fiye da rashin amfani. Tabbas, ba ta yin gasa tare da yawancin nau'ikan cherries, amma yana da kyau kwarai a gare su kuma ya cancanci matsayinsa a gonar da gonaki. Idan zaka iya ware wuri, ka kuma sayi seedlingsan seedlings da yawa, tabbas yakamata ka yi ƙoƙarin shuka wannan ceri mai ban mamaki kuma ka tabbatar da amincin bayanan da aka bayar.
