Cherry, kamar kowane amfanin gona na lambu, yana buƙatar kulawa ta yau da kullun, gami da miya. Akwai ƙa'idodi da yawa waɗanda kuke buƙatar sanin kanku da fara fara wannan taron, tare da nazarin takin mai magani da aka yi amfani da su da kaddarorinsu.
Manyan nau'ikan takin zamani da halayen su
Don ciyar da cherries, ana amfani da takin mai yawa. 'Yan lambun sun yi nasarar amfani da kwayoyin da ma'adanai. Bayyana kanku da manyan halaye da ƙarami da matsakaicin sashi (ana ba da ƙarin bayanai a cikin tebur).
Kada ka manta cewa duk takin gargajiya dole ne a shafa wa ƙasa mai daɗaya.
Urea
Ana amfani da Urea don tushen tushe da kuma kayan miya na sama
Urea sanannen taki ne da yawancin lambu ke amfani da shi. Ya ƙunshi nitrogen (46%), ya zama dole don ci gaban taro na ƙwayar. An ba da shawarar yin amfani da shi tare da gishiri na potassium idan kuna aiwatar da tushen miya. Ya danganta da shekarun ceri, zaku buƙaci 50 zuwa 300 g a kowace itace guda ɗaya don miya.
Mafi kyawun zafin jiki na ruwa don shirya urea shine 80 ° C.
Hakanan ana amfani da Urea don coccomycosis. Wannan cuta ta fungal mai haɗari tana da saurin yaduwa kuma tana iya shafar ba wai kawai bishiyoyi ceri ba, har ma da wasu albarkatu, kamar su apricot. A cikin yin rigakafi da sarrafa shi, ana amfani da maganin 3-5% (30-50 g na urea + 10 l na ruwa). Suna buƙatar wanke cherries a farkon zuwa tsakiyar Oktoba.
Lokacin da ceri ya lalata ta hanyar coccomycosis, ganyen sa ya zama rawaya kuma ramuka ya bayyana akan su
Superphosphate
Superphosphate abu ne mai mahimmanci na kayan miya na kaka
Superphosphate shine ɗayan takin gargajiya da aka saba amfani dasu ta hanyar lambu, tare da kaddarorin da yawa masu amfani. Ya ƙunshi abinci mai gina jiki - phosphorus (20-50%), saboda wanda riguna na sama ke taimaka wa jinkirin tsufa na itacen ceri, daɗa ɗanɗano na berries, da kuma tsarin tushen sa. Tare da rashin phosphorus, ganyen shuka ya zama shunayya (wani lokacin kawai sai a gefen baya) kuma ya zama an rufe shi da aibobi rawaya.
Idan shuka ba shi da phosphorus, to aibobi ne masu launin shuɗi
Superphosphate mai sauƙi yana tafiya da kyau tare da takin mai magani na nitrogen, ninki biyu - tare da salts na potassium. Ba a hade shi da sinadarin ammonium, alli da urea, don haka sai a huta kwana 7-10 tsakanin aikace-aikacen waɗannan takin.
A 1 m2 Ana amfani da 100-150 g na abu.
Tashar taki
Dole ne a yi amfani da takin mai magani na potassium a hankali don ciyar da cherries, saboda cherries suna kula da sinadarin chlorine.
Ana amfani da sinadarin chloride na potassium da gishirin potassium don ciyar da cherries.
Maganin chloride na potassium
'Yan lambu na amfani da daskararren potassium da yawa don ciyar da itatuwan' ya'yan itace. Wannan taki yana haɓaka haɓakar tushen haɓaka, da ingantaccen rinjayar hunturu da haƙuri mai ƙarfi, yana kunna haɓakar girma, wanda ke ƙara yawan aiki, kuma fruitsa themselvesan kansu da kansu sun zama ƙoshin lafiya da farantawa.
Ana samun sinadarin potassium ta foda a wasu nau'ikan, kuma don ciyar da ceri yana da kyau a zabi granular (in ba haka ba ana kuma kira shi tsaba).
Gishirin gishiri
Gishirin da ke cikin ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta shine tushen potassium, wanda ke taimakawa haɓaka metabolism da haɓaka rigakafi na shuka. Cherry yana da matsakaiciyar juriya ga ƙwayar chlorine, wanda shine ɓangare na wannan taki, don haka a hankali a hankali bi matakin lokacin ciyar. Babu fiye da 40 g dogara da seedling, game da 100 g a kan itacen girma.
Nitarin nitrate
Akwai nau'ikan nitrate na ammonium wanda za'a iya amfani dashi danyen cherries.
Nitriam nitrate, kamar urea, shine tushen sinadarin nitrogen wanda ya cancanci ci gaban tsirrai, musamman matasa. Don ciyar da cherries, zaka iya amfani da nitrate na ammonium nitrate (yana iya maye gurbin urea), da ammonia-potassium, wanda zai iya inganta ɗanɗano 'ya'yan itatuwa godiya ga potassium a cikin abubuwan da ya ƙunsa.
Matsakaicin sashi na wannan takin shine -150 g don seedling da 300 g don itacen girma, idan kuna son amfani da saltpeter maimakon urea.
Takarda
Takobin sanannen takin gargajiya ne wanda zaku iya wadatar da ƙasa da abubuwa masu amfani. Tun da cherries na buƙatar kayan miya na yau da kullun, dole ne ku iya shirya irin wannan cakuda daidai. A cikin akwati ko a ƙasa, sa wani yanki na peat (10-15 cm), a kai - tarkace kayan lambu (ganye, fi kayan lambu, bambaro). Zuba hannun jari tare da bayani na daskararren kaji ko taki (kashi 1 na taki to sassan 20 na ruwa ko kashi 1 na taki zuwa sassan ruwa 10, nace tsawon kwana 10). A 1 m2 cika 400 g na ammonium nitrate, 200 g na potassium sulfate da 500 g na superphosphate biyu. Cika blank da wani yanki na duniya ko peat (10 cm). Tare da rufewa. Bayan watanni 2, tari yana buƙatar murƙushe, kuma bayan watanni 4 daga lokacin shiri, takin yana shirye don amfani. 5 kilogiram ya ishe ɗan itacen ɗanɗana, aƙalla kilogram 30 ga marowaci.
Ash
Ash ya mamaye kasar gona da kayan abinci mai yalwa
Ash takin zamani ne mai arha kuma mai amfani wanda ya ƙunshi babban adadin abubuwa masu mahimmanci don ci gaba da haɓaka tsirrai. Ash yana da arziki a cikin potassium da phosphorus, kuma yana dauke da sulfur, zinc, iron, magnesium da alli. Ciyarwa tare da toka ko ash zai iya inganta matakan haɓaka, daidaita ma'aunin ruwa da ƙara ƙarancin hunturu na itatuwan ceri.
Bayanin aikace-aikacen Ash
Lemun tsami
A cikin aikin gona, ana amfani da lemun tsami ba kawai don amfani da fari ba, har ma don rage acid na ƙasa kuma ya daidaita shi da abubuwa masu amfani. Don haka, alli da ke cikin lemun tsami yana taimakawa cherries wajen kara kariya, haɓaka metabolism da ƙarfafa ganuwar tasoshin jini, wanda hakan zai shafi tushen tsarin daji. Ya kamata a yi yin layya sau 1 a cikin shekaru 4-5, musamman idan kun yi amfani da kwayoyin halitta don babban miya. Alumina, haske da loamy kasa zasu buƙaci 400-600 g / m2, don yumbu mai nauyi - 500-800 g / m2.
Alamar ƙasa mai acidic ita ce bayyanar da ke kan farin ganshin kore, horsetail, puddles tare da ruwa mai laushi ko fure mai haske.
Bugu da ƙari, ana amfani da lemun tsami sau da yawa a cikin yaƙi da coccomycosis. Ofaya daga cikin matakan kulawa shine farashi na itace. Abun cakuda: ruwan lemun tsami (2 kg) + sulfate jan karfe (300 g) + ruwa (10 l).
Cherwararren farce na fari zai taimaka wajan magance coccomycosis
Dolomite
Gabatar da dolomite a cikin ƙasa zai taimaka rage yawan acidity, da takin
Ana amfani da gari na Dolomite, har ma da lemun tsami don rage acidity na ƙasa da haɓaka ingancinsa. Gabatarwar dolomite yana ba da gudummawa ga jikewar ƙurar ƙasa tare da nitrogen, phosphorus da magnesium, tabbatacce yana kan ci gaban ƙwayoyin cuta masu amfani kuma yana taimakawa yaƙi da kwari. Adadin aikace-aikacen 500-600 g a 1 m2.
Idan kuna buƙatar rage acidity na ƙasa, to, lokacin zabar samfurin da ya dace, mayar da hankali kan lokaci na shekara: copes lemun tsami tare da hadawan abu da iskar shaka mafi inganci, amma ana iya amfani dashi kawai a farkon bazara ko ƙarshen kaka. Ana amfani da Dolomite a kowane lokaci na shekara. Additionari ga haka, ana bada shawara don kula da eayoyin ƙasa da aka shafa tare da shi.
Bayanin takin zamani na ma'adinai
Topping cherries: makirci da dokoki domin hadi
Don haka wannan suturar saman ba ta lalata ceri, dole ne a bi ka'idodi don hadi.
Kewaya akwati
Don kula da cherries, kuna buƙatar barin da'irar akwati
Don tabbatar da daidaitaccen ciyarwar cherries, kar a manta yin da'irar gangar jikin. Wurin kusa-da'ira yanki ne na gona na ciyawar kusa da akwati inda ake amfani da takin zamani (misali, gyada mai ma'adinai). Gabatar da wasu takin mai magani (alal misali, kwayoyin ko mafita), da kuma ban ruwa, ana yin su a cikin matsanancin furrow na da'irar kusa-da'irar. Girman irin wannan furrow ya zama 20-30 cm, zurfin - 20-25 cm.
Girman dutsen da'irar akwati ya yi dabam da shekarun ceri:
- A cikin shekarar farko ta ban ruwa, gudanar da da'irar a da'irar tazara daga 10-15 cm daga seedling.
- A shekara ta biyu, za a gudanar da da'irar gangar jikin a nisan nisan 25-35 cm daga seedling.
- A shekara ta uku, nisan zai karu zuwa 40-50 cm.
- A shekara ta hudun da ta gaba, lokacin da aka kirkiro kambi, kan iyakokin akwatin ya kamata ya zama daidai da iyakokin rawanin. Wasu lambu suna ɗauka cewa diamita na akwati na kewayen akwatina shine 1.5 sau daya na kambi.
Watering da kai miya ana za'ayi a cikin matsanancin furrow na gangar jikin kewaya
Manyan kayan ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙwallo a cikin shekaru - tebur taƙaitawa
Wannan makirci cikakke ne kuma ana iya amfani dashi a duk yankuna.
| Shekarun cherry | Shekara 1 | Shekara 2 | Shekara 3 | Shekara 4 | Idan kun hadi da kuzari a kan kari, kuma bishiyarku ta bunkasa daidai (ya bada bea fruitan itace, baya jujjuya launin rawaya kafin lokacin, da sauransu), to zaku iya canza zuwa yanayin da ake yawan ciyar dashi. Don yin wannan, zai zama dole don amfani da 300 g na superphosphate da 100 g na potassium chloride da 1 lokaci kowane shekaru 4 zuwa kwayoyin halitta (kilogiram na humus 2 ko takin a cikin tsagi na waje) sau ɗaya a cikin shekaru 3 a cikin kaka kusa da gangar jikin. Idan ceri ke tsiro mara kyau (rauni raunana siffofin harbe, ba ya kai 'ya'yan itace, da dai sauransu) kuma yana rasa na gina jiki, to, ciyar shekara-shekara ya kamata a da za'ayi wani shekaru 3. Yi limanci na hana ƙasa sau ɗaya kowace shekara 5. Idan kayi amfani da lemun tsami, da farko tono ƙasa, sannan kuma yayyafa foda a saman. Kada ku manta cewa zaku iya amfani da lemun tsami ko dai a farkon bazara ko a cikin kaka, kusa da ƙarshen Satumba. Hakanan, kada ku aiwatar da tsarin liming lokaci guda tare da nitrogen (urea) da takin gargajiya (takin) takin zamani. | 5-6 shekara | Shekara 7 | Ana ɗauka cikakkiyar ƙwayar cakulan kuma baya buƙatar ciyarwar shekara-shekara. Lokaci 1 a cikin shekaru 2 a cikin bazara ƙara urea da 1 lokaci a cikin shekaru 4 ga kwayoyin a cikin allurai iri ɗaya amma na shekara 7 bayan dasa shuki. Ana yin iyaka ne sau ɗaya a cikin kowace shekara 5 bisa ga ƙa'idodi iri ɗaya. |
| Lokacin bazara | Shirya ramin sauka. Sigogi: zurfin - 40-50 cm, diamita - 50-80 cm.
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| An fara daga shekara ta uku daga lokacin dasa, ceri yana fara bada 'ya'ya, sabili da haka, yana buƙatar miya babba.
| A farkon da tsakiyar Afrilu, ƙara 150 g na urea zuwa da'irar akwati kuma tono ƙasa. | A farkon zuwa tsakiyar Afrilu, zuba babban grooves waje tare da bayani na ammofoski (30 g na miyagun ƙwayoyi da lita 10 na ruwa). Ya kamata kowane itace ya ɗauki lita 30. | A tsakiyar Afrilu, ƙara 300 g na urea zuwa kusa-da'irar karar. | ||
| Lokacin bazara | Babu riguna masu kyau | Babu riguna masu kyau | Ya kamata a gudanar da kulawar bazara a lokacin bayyanar da haɓakar kwai, kazalika a lokacin 'ya'yan itacen.
| A ƙarshen Yuli - farkon watan Agusta, ƙara 300 g na superphosphate na biyu da 100 g na potassium sulfate zuwa kusa-da'irar kara. | Babu riguna masu kyau | Ciyar ba a za'ayi. | ||
| Lokacin kaka | Babu riguna masu kyau |
| Zabin lamba 1 A lokacin daga tsakiyar zuwa ƙarshen Oktoba, tono a kusa-kara da'irar kuma ƙara 2-3 kilogiram na humus da takin ma'adinai (100 g na superphosphate da 30 g na potassium chloride / m2). Zabi A'a 2 (na kasar acidic) A lokacin daga tsakiyar zuwa ƙarshen Oktoba, tono a kusa-kara da'irar kuma ƙara 2-3 kilogiram na humus zuwa gare shi, da kilogiram 2 na gari dolomite a cikin matattarar furrow. | A tsakiyar Satumba, ƙara takin ko humus ga furrow na waje a cikin nauyin 20 kg a kowace bishiya 1 kuma tono shi. | Ciyar ba a za'ayi. | A tsakiyar Satumba, ƙara cakuda ma'adinai a cikin da'irar akwati: superphosphate na biyu (400 g) + sulfate potassium (150 g). Tona ƙasa. A ƙarshen Satumba, saƙa da furrows na waje, ƙara kilo 40 na humus ga kowane itace. |
Wasu yan lambu sunyi jayayya cewa takin da ake amfani dashi lokacin dasawa ya isa ya zama farkon shekaru 3-4 na rayuwar ceri. A wannan yanayin, ana bada shawara don kula da tsawon rassan: idan haɓaka ya ƙasa da 30 cm cm kowace shekara, to ya kamata a ciyar da ceri bisa ga tsarin da aka ƙayyade.
Dokoki don ciyar da itatuwan lambun - bidiyo
Kamar yadda kake gani, cherries, kodayake yana buƙatar kulawa mai zurfi, amma ba'a iya rikitarwa kuma mai araha ne har ma ga masu fara lambu. Bi duk dokoki da shawarwari cikin lokaci, kuma zaku tabbatar kanku da amfanin gona mai inganci.
