Babban ɓangare na dukkanin amfanin gona na pear da aka sani sun faɗi a kan tsire-tsire tare da lokacin rani na rani.
Ɗaya daga cikinsu shine Pear Orel rani - Bayani na iri-iri, hotuna na 'ya'yan itatuwa da sake dubawa a cikin labarin.
Yawancin lokaci, wannan pear, tare da hankali da shi, ya bambanta. Kwanan nan da aka samu mai ban sha'awa.
A lokaci guda da iri-iri ne shahara high kasuwanci quality da dandano mai kyau.
Kuma duk wannan ya zauna lafiya a cikin yanayin tsakiya na Rasha, ba mahimmanci "masu karimci" don shuke-shuke mai dumi.
Wane irin ne?
Pear Orel rani ne classic triploid wani iri-iri tare da farkon lokacin bazara.
Triploidy ya nuna cewa wannan al'ada shi ne ainihin kwayar shuka tare da kafa guda uku na chromosome.
Wannan inganci yana da matukar muhimmanci ga ƙwayar itatuwan 'ya'yan itace, tun da al'adun triploid, a matsayin mai mulkin, suna nuna yawan yawan amfanin ƙasa, yawan nauyin' ya'yan itace da kuma juriya mai kyau ga cututtukan fungal.
Kamar yadda masana kimiyya da yawa suka ce, yin tafiya ga masana'antu na masana'antu na nau'i-nau'i ne mafi kyawun zaɓi.
Oryol rani na noma - dangane da wurin da ya girma - a cikin na biyu ko a cikin shekaru goma na Yuli (a cikin mahaifarsa - yankin Oryol - wannan jinsin yakan ba da lalata a karshen Yuli).
A matsayin amfanin gona mai zafi, wannan pear yana da maimakon gajeren rai. Lokacin daga lokacin da aka cire 'ya'yan itacen daga rassan zuwa lokacin da ake yin amfani da shi a rubuce sabo, yayin da pear bata canza kayan fasaha da dandanowa ba kuma baya lalata, shine ba fiye da kwanaki 7-10 ba.
Matsayi mai zurfi na kiyaye ingancin 'ya'yan itatuwa na "Orel Summer" ta hanyar masana da yawa sun tantance muhimmancin da ya dace. Duk da haka, a cikin farkon lokacin rani irin pears rarraba yau a tsakiya Rasha, pear iri-iri Oryol rani da aka la'akari mafi girma-fruitedwanda ya sa ya zama mai ban sha'awa ga masu lambu.
Har ila yau, irin nauyin pears sun hada da: Severyanka, Duchess, Tonkovetka, Lel da Moscow Early.
Tarihin kiwo da yankin kiwo
Shekarar haihuwa ta haihuwa "Orel rani" shine shekarar 1977, kuma wurin haifuwa ita ce mafi tsofaffin ma'aikatan kimiyya na gida, Cibiyar Nazarin Rukuni na Rukuniyar Rukuniyar Rasha (VNIISPK), wanda yake located a yankin Oryol.
Kungiyar masana kimiyyar da ta jagoranci daya daga cikin masu hidima a fannin 'ya'yan itace da kuma kiwon dabbobi, likita na kimiyyar aikin gona, ya yi aiki akan samar da sabon abu mai ban sha'awa. Yevgeny Sedov.
Domin samun sabon nau'in, dace da yanayin yanayin damuwa na tsakiya na Rasha, bisa ga wasu sigogi masu yawa, masu bincike sun ketare nau'i biyu nau'in nau'in nau'i: "Bergamot Novik" da kuma "Klapp Ya fi son".
A sakamakon haka, an halicci pear, a cikin abin da aka samu akwai nau'in nau'in pear Turai kawai.
Ba da daɗewa ba, an shigar da "Orel rani" a cikin reshen jihar na varietal a fadin yankin Black Black.
Da farko, an yadu yadu a cikin kananan karamar gonaki da kuma cikin makirci.
Kwanan nan, duk da haka, shahararrun da aka yi a cikin masana'antu, ya kasance mai girma a cikin manoma, manoma da suka ga amfanin da suke bunkasa wannan nau'in a kan sikelin masana'antu.
A cikin wadannan yankuna, Gera, A cikin ƙwaƙwalwar Yakovlev, Bere Russkaya, Lada da Rossoshanskaya Dessert, suna da kyau.
Description iri-iri Orel rani
Pear Orlovskaya rani iri dake nuna da wadannan siffofin musamman siffofin, sa'an nan kuma bayanin irin halaye da hotuna:
Tree
A matsayinka na mai mulki, wannan injin yana da muhimmanci asama da tsawo tsawo. A haushi a jikinsa shine santsi don taɓawa, yana da launin toka ko launin toka-launin toka.
Krone, rassan. Tsayi mai tsayi ya isa kambi mai girma a cikin nau'i na kusan dala na yau da kullum.
A saman an kafa ne daga matsakaiciyar digiri na rassan rassan, wanda aka samo sosai a hankali (matsakaicin matsanancin kambi).
Ƙananan kusurwa (kimanin 45 °) yawanci siffofi tsakanin rassan da aka kai tsaye zuwa iyakar su. A rassan suna rufe m m yi kuka.
Harbe. Kwayoyin da suka dace da madaidaiciya madaidaiciya suna da sashe masu tasowa. Tsomawa akan harbe ba a nan ba.
Launi daga cikin waɗannan shimfidawa shine launin ruwan kasa ko launin ruwan haske. Manya, santsi, launin ruwan kasa a kan harbe suna cikin matsayi. Firiting pear faruwa a kolchatkah - duka sauki da hadaddun.
Bar. Ya bambanta fiye da girman girma da kuma zane-zane (oval) silhouette. Leaf ya fi guntu kuma ya nuna.
Takaddun takardun "Orel Summer" yana da santsi, tare da bambanci mai banƙyama, wani ɓangare na kore ko launi kore mai duhu, kazalika da wani ƙananan jiji (bayyanar veins a kan murfin ganye).
An kula da hankali ga rashin fahimtar farantin. A gefuna da ganye suna santsi, tare da kananan cloves bayyane a gefuna. Ana ajiye ganye a matsakaici na matsakaici.
Inflorescences A furanni Bloom daga manyan buds tare da halayyar nuna mazugi. An samo furanni, a matsayin mai mulkin, babba, tare da fararen fata na siffar nau'i, dan kadan akan ɗayan juna.
'Ya'yan itãcen marmari
Cikakken pears na wannan iri-iri ne na al'ada babban girman.
Matsanancin nauyin su ne game da 210 g, amma 'ya'yan itatuwa mafi girma suna rubuce-rubucen lokaci-lokaci (sanye nauyin nauyin pears "Orel rani" - 270 g).
Daga farkon lokacin rani iri dake horar da su a gonaki na tsakiyar Rasha, wannan shine mafi yawan 'ya'yan itace pear.
Sauran amfanin amfanin waje na 'ya'yan itatuwa suna karawa da nauyin rikodin - nauyin nau'in nau'i mai nau'i "nau'i" da nau'i daya.
Launi mai launi na pear a cikin mataki na ripeness mai tsayi shi ne kore, ta lokacin lokacin da matasan ke samo shi greenish yellow inuwa. A lokaci guda, a wani ɓangare na 'ya'yan itace, halayyar launin ruwan hotunan orange sau da yawa yakan bayyana, wanda aka kafa ta yawan ɗakoki masu yawa.
Baya ga mai launi mai laushi, matte fatar jiki yana da laushi mai laushi, bushewa da isasshen ƙarfi. A fata akwai wasu ƙananan ƙananan matakai. Jiki shine mafi yawa fararen fata, launin koren da yake kusa da fata.
Jiki yana da tsada sosai, tare da hatsi mai kyau da ruwan fure, daidaituwa, da karuwar juiciness. A cikin ɓangaren litattafan almara ne manyan, launin launin ruwan kasa. Ƙwararren masanan na waje an kiyasta akan maki 4.6 (a ma'auni 5).
Hotuna
Halaye
Tsarkin "Orlovskaya rani" ba'a iyakance ga sifofin waje na waje ba.
Domin yanayin halayyar 'ya'yan itace da aka ƙayyade mai kyau sanyi juriya da high yawan amfanin ƙasa (Hakika, tare da aiwatar da cikakkun ka'idoji don aiwatar da wannan shuka).
Watakila mawuyaciyar mahimmancin wannan skoroplodnoy iri-iri shine cewa 'ya'yan itatuwa dole ne a cinye su a cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci bayan an cire su daga itacen.
An kafa matakan sanyi na hunturu dangane da sakamakon hunturu na pear a kan yankin Oryol.
An dasa shi a wasu, daban-daban daga Orlovschiny, yankunan climatic, itatuwa "Orel rani" a farkon yanayin sanyi zai iya nuna hali daban.
Tree yana jurewa mai mahimmanci a yanayin zafi da iskawadanda suke da al'adun gargajiya a tsakiyar Rasha.
A lokaci guda kuma, ɓangaren daskararre na itace, bisa la'akari, da sauri mayar da halayen asali.
Ana nuna yawan amfanin gona na iri iri a cikin girbi na 'ya'yan itace a cikin kimanin 180-210. sabo ne daga cikin kadada daya daga gonar. A tsawo na dandano da kaddarorin na cikakke 'ya'yan itace - mai dadi da sosai m.
Masana sun kiyasta tayasawa na dandanawa kamar yadda alamomi na waje - Maki 4.6 a kan ma'auni biyar na daidai.
Mafi yawan amfanin gona na pear sun hada da: Janairu, Chudesnitsa, Samara Beauty, Talgar Beauty da Tyoma.
Abin da ake ginawa da kyau a cikin girma, sarrafawa da kuma 'ya'yan itace ne kamar haka:
| Haɗuwa | Yawan |
|---|---|
| Sahara | 8,3% |
| Adidir acid | 0,16% |
| Dry matter | 10,2% |
| Ascorbic acid | 5.6 MG / 100 g |
| P-aiki abubuwa | 36.4 MG / 100 g |
'Ya'yan itãcen marmari na "Orel Summer" suna da matukar amfani a matsayin kayan albarkatu na shirye-shiryen kayan magani daban-daban a cikin maganin gargajiya da kuma a cikin "likita".
Musamman ma an bayyana su sosai a cikin magunguna daban-daban da kuma cututtuka na numfashi.
Wadannan pears suna da manufar duniya.
Wannan yana nufin cewa an yadu su duka ne kuma a cikin nau'i na albarkatu masu kyau don shirya shirye-shirye daban-daban, jams, jams, marmalades, zuma da mahaifa.
Dasa da kulawa
A ƙarƙashin dasa shuki mai nau'in nau'i na wannan nau'in, sun zabi wani wuri a gonar, wanda yake da kyau kuma hasken rana yana haskakawa, ba batun batun tsabtace iska da iska ba, kuma yana da nisa mai kyau daga korar ruwa (ba kusa da 2 m) ba.
Duk da cewa "Orel rani" a general ba da wuya sosai a kan ingancin ƙasa baDuk da haka, yana da kyau idan kasar gona a wurin dasa shi ne mai laushi (wadatar) da kuma gida.
Don seedling tono rami, zurfinsa ya zama daidai da 1 m, da diamita 70 cm. A cikin rami zuba 2 buckets na ruwa kuma bar shi har sati daya da rabi don sludge.
Nan da nan kafin dasa shuki, ko dai humus, ko ammonium nitrate (80 g), ko potassium sulphate (150 g), ko kuma itace ash (800 g) an saka a cikin rijiyar.
An saita sapling a dasa shuki don a iya samar da asalinsu a cikin rami.
Tsarin tushen yana cike da ƙasa, an samo shi ta hanyar digging guda rami, gauraye da taki da kogin yashi.
Bayan tushen sun cika da ruwan magani, Ƙaƙwalwar wuyan ƙira ya kamata ta yi sama da 6-7 cm a ƙasa.
Kewaya gangar jikin bishiyar 2-3 cm earthen shaft tare da radius na 40 cmsamar da rami na ginshiƙin sashi. Ta dama Zuba 2-3 buckets na rabu da ruwa.
Daga bisani, itacen yana shayar da shi a kai a kai, ya sassauta ƙasa a kusa da gangar jikin kuma a ƙarƙashin kambi, wani lokaci yana takin ƙasa, yanke rassan bishiyoyi da tsire-tsire, samar da kariya daga kwari.
Cututtuka da kwari
"Orel rani" sosai resistant zuwa //selo.guru/ptitsa/bolezni-p/gribkovye/parsha.html da sauran cututtukakamar tsatsa ko na kwayan cuta ƙona.
Game da kare shuke-shuke daga rodents, wanda zai iya lalata haushi a cikin hunturu, saboda wannan Ginshiran da ƙananan rassan ya kamata a nannade da wani nau'i mai mahimmanci ko ƙananan raga.
Idan mai aikin gona ya dauki matakan kulawa ga kowane matakai na dasawa da kula da tsire-tsire, bayan ɗan lokaci, pear zai "gode" mai shi tare da 'ya'yan itatuwa masu ban sha'awa.
