Kowa yasan itacen blackberry. A cikin karni na XIX, an dauki nau'ikan lambunsa a matsayin shuka na ornamental kuma kawai ƙarni daga baya ya fara farawa azaman 'ya'yan itace da al'adun Berry. A yau, fiye da sau da yawa zaka iya ganin wannan Berry a cikin shirye-shiryen gidan, wanda ta bitamin da abun da ke ma'adinan yafi arziki fiye da yadda aka saba rasberi. Daga cikin nau'ikan nau'ikan iri da nau'ikan, Ruben ya fito fili - blackberry remont blackberry a duniya.
Tarihin girma blackberries Ruben
Mawallafin blackberry Ruben nasa ne ga malamin nan na Amurka John Ruben Clark, wanda ya kirkiro wasu ire-iren wannan al'adar. A cikin 2005, daga Jami'ar Arkansas, 'ya'yan itacen blackberry da aka samo daga nau'ikan A-2292T da APF-44 an tura su zuwa Burtaniya. A cikin 2006, wani ɗan ƙabilar Ingilishi ya zaɓi seedling a ƙarƙashin lambar HPB3, wanda ya bambanta kansa a farkon kakar tare da kyakkyawan girbi na manyan 'ya'yan itãcen marmari. Bayan gwaje-gwajen filin a cikin 2009, an saka sunan mai suna bayan mahaliccin - Ruben, kuma a cikin 2012 an kirkiro kirkirar.
Ruben - sanannen-iri-iri na gyaran blackberries
Bayanin sa
An san iri-iri a ko'ina cikin duniya. Janyo hankalin da lambu mai kyau yawan amfanin ƙasa, kuma manyan 'ya'yan itace size. Amfanin iri-iri ba wai kawai a cikin dandano mai dadi na berries ba, har ma a jure wa cututtukan cututtukan cututtuka na gama gari na amfanin gona, wanda ke sauƙaƙe kulawa da dasa shuki. Amma babban fasalin shi ne kiyayewa, wato, ikon girbi sau biyu a kakar. Fruiting on shekaru biyu harbe fara a ƙarshen Yuni. Daga harbe-harbe na shekara-shekara, ana girbe amfanin gona daga Satumba zuwa tsakiyar Nuwamba.
Halayen sa
Itataccen tsiro ne, mai matsakaici, mai ƙarfi, amma yana da karamin daji 1.6-2.5 m a tsayi. Otsan buɗe ido suna madaidaiciya, ƙananan rassan suna fure mai haske a launi, manya suna haske launin ruwan kasa, ƙananan ƙananan harbe kuma ana yin su. Yawancin suna da yawa, amma babu ƙaya a cikin yankin fruiting, kuma wannan yana sauƙaƙe girbi. Bayan ya farfado, ƙaya ta fara murƙushewa. Ganyen suna kama da rasberi ko currant, tare da notches a gefuna.
Blackberry Ruben girma a cikin hanyar madaidaiciya iko daji na m siffan
Za a iya amfani da ruwan 'ya'yan itace blacken don yin ado da sasanninta na lambu: a tsakiyar Afrilu, an rufe daji tare da manyan farin inflorescences.
Babban amfani da iri-iri shine yawan amfanin sa: har zuwa kilogiram 6 na berries ana iya tattarawa daga daji. Girman 'ya'yan itacen yana da ban sha'awa: tsawon - 4,5 cm, nauyi - 14.5 g. The berries are m, zaki, tare da m ƙanshi da dan kadan m acidity. Dankin ya kasance mai yawa, rabuwa mai sauki ce.
Sanyi mai jure yanayin iri ne matsakaici, ya wajaba don rufe mai tushe don hunturu. Koyaya, lokacin motsi da sassan iska, ba a buƙatar tsari.
Ruwan lemun tsami na ruwan 'ya'yan itace ruwan' ya'yan itace mai ruwan shafawa yana da daɗi tare da ɗanɗano mai ɗanɗano
Rashin daidaituwa ya haɗa da matsalolin pollination: zafi mai zafi yana haifar da raguwa a yawan amfanin gona na biyu. Bugu da kari, na biyu fruiting na iya jinkirta, by Nuwamba, frosts sau da yawa faruwa, a sakamakon abin da berries daskare.
Bidiyo: Blackberry Ruben
Fasali
A bangare daya, blackberry zai yi girma kuma ya samar da kyakkyawan girbi na shekaru 10-15, muddin an zabi wurin da kyau, an shirya ƙasa sosai kuma an aiwatar da shuka daidai.
Inda za a shuka
Matsayi ya zama mai haske kamar yadda zai yiwu, an yarda da inuwa na ɓangaren haske. Blackberries ba su jure wa inuwa da kyau ba: tare da rashin haske, harbe-harbe suna shimfiɗawa, ganye suna faɗuwa da wuri, kuma adadin fruitan itacen ya ragu.
Kada ku dasa blackberries bayan amfanin gona Berry da solanaceous. Mafi kyawun magabata sune ganye na hatsi, siderates (mustard, phacelia), plantings plantings (cucumbers, zucchini, squash, pumpkin).
Ya kamata a kiyaye shinge na filayen Berry daga iska mai sanyi a arewa, saboda haka ana ba da shawarar sanya su tare da gine-ginen gona, shinge, shinge.
Ya kamata a sanya bishiyar Berry a wani wuri mai kyau, a cikin inuwa ana tsawaita harbe-harbe, ana kara berries
Wuraren da ke kusa da kwararar ruwan ƙasa basu dace da blackberries ba. Kodayake wannan al'ada ce mai ƙaunar danshi, yawan damuwa yana haifar da raunanawa: mai saurin kamuwa da yanayin da cututtuka na ƙaruwa.
Shruban itace na daji ya fi son yin girma a kan sandy loamy ko ƙasa mai loamy tare da ɗan ƙaramin acidic ko tsaka tsaki dauki. A high acidity lemun tsami an kara (500 g da m2) Haɗin ƙasa na yumbu za a iya inganta ta ƙara yashi (1 guga a kowace m2), a kan yashi yankuna peat ko humus dole ne a kara (1 guga a kowace m2).
Wannan abu ne mai ban sha'awa. A zamanin arna a Rasha, an girmama blackberries a matsayin tsire-tsire na tsafi. An dasa shi a keɓaɓɓun shafukan yanar gizo har ma da ƙauyuka gabaɗaya don kariya daga mugayen ruhohi.
Mafi kyawun lokacin sauka
Lokacin dasa blackberry shine damuna da damina. A cikin yankuna na tsakiya da arewacin, ya fi dacewa a shuka tsire-tsire a cikin bazara, kafin farkon lokacin girma, don kawar da haɗarin daskarewa 'yan daskarewa a cikin hunturu. A wajen kudu, zai fi kyau dasa shuki a lokacin bazara, makonni 2-3 kafin farkon yanayin sanyi. Ana iya dasa tsire-tsire daga cikin kwandon a duk lokacin: ana dasa su tare da ƙammar ƙasa, yayin da tushen tsarin bai lalace ba, wanda ke ba da gudummawa ga saurin rayuwa.
Zabin seedlings
Nasarar ci gaban nan gaba ya dogara da ingancin ƙwayar. Kawai tsire-tsire masu ƙarfi da lafiya suna da tabbacin za su ɗauki tushe a gonar kuma su jure hunturu na farko. An gabatar da nau'ikan nau'ikan blackberry mai ban sha'awa da samarwa don girma a cikin ɗakunan rani da filayen masana'antu a wuraren nurseries da cibiyoyin lambu. Masu siyar da tsatsauran ra'ayi ya kamata su guji siyan daga hannayensu - babu tabbacin cewa seedling ɗin yana da ƙoshin lafiya kuma daidai yake iri iri da ake buƙata.
Nurseries yawanci suna ba da seedlings a cikin marufi a cikin gandun daji - suna ɗaukar tushen mafi kyau kuma suna da haɓaka.
A ƙarshen kakar, zaɓi na seedlings tare da sabon tsarin tushen ya fi girma, don haka tsire-tsire da aka samu a ƙarshen kaka ana shuka su a cikin gonar har zuwa lokacin bazara. Sun tono ragar maɓuɓɓuga tare da gungume guda ɗaya, suka sa tsiro a kai, suka yayyafa shi da ƙasa. Ana jefa jifa a saman don kada doan tsire-tsire su lalata ƙwayoyin.
Ya kamata a lura da tsire-tsire da aka zaɓa:
- 'Ya'yan' ya'yan itacen da ke da ya kamata su kasance suna da tushe mai tauri 1-2 Idan kayi hankali da haushi, a ƙarƙashinsa zaka iya ganin masana'anta na kore.
- Haushi ya kamata ya zama santsi, ba tare da aibobi ba. Haushi mai lalacewa alama ce da ke nuna cewa seedling ya bushe kuma wanda ake iya shakkar aukuwarsa ba zai iya yin tushe ba.
- Tsarin tushen yakamata ya inganta sosai, ya ƙunshi tushen rigar 2-3 fiye da tsawon 10 cm.
Ya kamata bishiyoyi masu amfani da itacen Blackberry su kasance da tsarin tushen, ba tare da lalacewa ba kuma su lalaci
- Yawancin lokaci ana ba da seedlings a cikin tukwane. A wannan yanayin, ya kamata ka nemi a cire shuka daga kunshin: ƙamshin da yakamata ya tabbatar da mutuncinsa, ba crumble kuma ya kasance mai ƙarfin gwiwa da asalinsu.
Kafin dasawa, ya kamata ku runtse tushen tsawon sa'o'i 2 a cikin mafita tare da Kornevin ko Heteroauxin, wanda ke motsa tushen tushe.
Nufin Kasa
Yawancin lokaci ana amfani da goge baki ko maɓuɓɓugan daji. A cikin hanyar daji, ana shuka tsire-tsire a cikin ramuka a nesa na 1-1.3 m, suna yin keɓaɓɓun bushes. Tare da maɓuɓɓuga, an yanke dogo 1.5 m, yana barin 2 m tsakanin layuka .. Don dasa shuki, an shirya wurin a cikin kaka, don kaka - a cikin makonni 2-3. Duniya ta haƙa, ta toshe, an cire ciyayi. Sanye da humus (1.5 kilogiram a kowace m2), superphosphate (100 g), potassium sulfate (30 g) ko ash (100 g).
A ƙarƙashin wata daji daban, tono rami tare da zurfi da faɗin 45 cm. Lokacin da girma da tsire-tsire baƙar fata, yana da kyau a yi amfani da hanyar maɓuɓɓugar da, a cikin su sun fi hasken rana haske, suna da iska sosai, yana da sauƙi a kula da su. Zurfin ramin ya kasance cm 45, faɗin faɗin cm 50. Ya kamata a shirya layuka daga arewa zuwa kudu. Hakanan ya kamata a shigar da kayan tallafi kafin dasa shuki: bayan duk, blackberry yana girma da sauri, harbe-fure mafi girma sun fi dacewa akan tsarin tallafawa.
Mataki-mataki-saukowa tsari:
- Pouredarancin ƙasa yana zuba cikin ramin saukowa.
- A tsakiyar sanya seedling tare da-yada asalinsu.
Dole ne a daidaita Tushen seedling a hankali, an binne tushen ɗan itacen by 2 cm
- Sun cika shi da kasar gona, sai suka hada shi don kada voids ta samar.
- Tushen toho yakamata ya zama mai zurfin cm 2 Idan zurfin bai zurfi sosai ba, za a iya sanya ciyawar a bushe kuma a bushe.
- Yi 4 lita na ruwa a ƙarƙashin daji.
Bayan dasawa, an shayar da seedling sosai, yana gabatar da ruwa 4 na ruwa a ƙarƙashin kowane daji
- Bada izinin danshi ya sha, sannan muyi ciyawa da ciyawa.
- A lokacin dasa shuki, ana yanke harbe ta 20 cm, yana tayar da haɓakar tafiyar matakai a kaikaice.
Kulawar Blackberry
Don samun wadataccen girbi na berries mai dadi, kuna buƙatar la'akari da wasu fasalolin fasahar noma.
Muna haɓaka ƙasar gona
A kan cike ƙasa, don shekaru 2 na farko a cikin bazara, ana ciyar da blackberries kawai tare da takin mai magani na nitrogen (10 g na urea da 5 l). Sannan a cikin bazara, an gabatar da ammonium nitrate (40 g da 10 l) a ƙarƙashin daji. A lokacin fruiting, takin da nitrophos (70 g da 10 l). A cikin fall, suna ciyar da superphosphate (100 g), gishiri mai gishiri (30 g).
Don takin gargajiya da ruwa da kuma yin amfani da shi wajen yin amfani da maganin takaddara ta noma
Kafin kuma bayan fure, don ƙara yawan amfanin ƙasa, ana bada shawara ga feshi da bushes tare da maganin boric acid (5 g da 10 l).
Yin amfani da kwayoyin halitta yana da amfani mai amfani ga amfanin gona. A lokacin fure, yana da amfani don ciyar da blackberries tare da maganin ash (100 g da 10 l). Mullein diluted 1:10, tsintsin tsuntsu (1:20) an gabatar dashi a karkashin shuka kafin fure da kuma bayan girbi.
Kada kuyi ba tare da yin ruwa ba
A iri ne m fari, amma ba tare da m lokaci, ba za ku iya dogaro a kan girbi mai yawa. A lokacin zafi mai zafi, ƙarancin pollination da 'ya'yan itatuwa ba a ɗaure ba. Watering a lokacin fure, a lokacin fitar 'ya'yan itatuwa da bayan girbi yana da muhimmanci musamman. Ana shayar da busassun sau ɗaya a mako, suna shigo da 6 na ruwa a ƙarƙashin kowace. Tare da tsawan ruwan sama, an rage ruwa domin kada ya haifar da jujjuyawar tushe.
Sai kawai tare da watering na yau da kullun za ku iya samun amfanin gona blackberry
Don kare bushes, musamman yara, daga zafin rana, zaku iya rufe su da zangon shading ko agrofiber.
A cikin tsananin zafi, grid din baya barin hasken rana kai tsaye dasa shuki
Akwai nau'ikan shayarwa. Yana da kyau a yi amfani da ban ruwa na ruwa, a cikin abin da ake saukar da ruwa ta ruwan ɗakuna daga kaset na ban ruwa kai tsaye zuwa tushen tsire-tsire. Ta yin amfani da tiyo, suna aiwatar da yayyafawa, ba da ƙasa kawai ba, har ma da ganye. Koyaya, irin wannan tsarin ban ruwa ba'a amfani dashi yayin 'ya'yan itace. Lokacin yin ban ruwa ta hanyar tsagi, ana ƙara ruwa a cikin tsarukan da aka yi tare da layi a nesa na 40 cm daga daji ta amfani da bokiti na ruwa ko guga. Kafin farkon sanyi, yin ban ruwa da ruwa wajibi ne.
Sassauta da ciyawa kasar gona
A lokacin rani, kasar gona a karkashin bushes kuma a cikin titi dole ne a kwance da sako. Shuke-shuke shuke-shuke muhimmanci iyakance ci gaban harbe da yawan aiki, da alkama ciyawa gaba daya rage rayuwar Berry plantings.
Tsakanin layuka, ana aiwatar da kwance zuwa zurfin 12 cm, kusa da bushes - a cikin farfajiya, ba zurfin 8 cm ba, don kada a lalata tushen sa. Irin wannan hanyar aikin gona ba wai kawai inganta haɓakar iska na ƙasa ba ne da kuma yaƙi ciyayi, har ma da halakar da kwari.
Bayan an yi ruwa kuma an kwance shi, an cika shi da ciyawa, ciyawa. Tsarin mulching yana hana fitar danshi daga danshi, yana hana ci gaba da ciyawa. A ƙarshen kakar, ƙasa a ƙarƙashin daji an mulched da humus - ba wai kawai zai iya kare tushen daga daskarewa ba, har ma ya samar da shuka da abinci mai gina jiki.
Abubuwa da yawa kan iya wasa da ciyawa: humus, ganyayyaki na shekarar da ta gabata, haushi mai laushi, ciyawar ciyawa
Mun kafa daji
Lokacin da daji yayi kauri, da berries girma karami, ripen kadan, tsire-tsire zama mafi rashin lafiya. Sabili da haka, nan da nan bayan dasa, da samuwar daji fara: harbe suna taqaitaccen don bayyanar rassan gefen. An yanke rassan toho da mai ƙyalli yayin da suke girma. A karshen kakar wasa, an sare dukkan harbe. Irin wannan pruning yana sauƙaƙe don kula da ƙwanƙwarar wuta, baya buƙatar dumama don hunturu kuma yana hana bayyanar kwari, saboda yawancin su sa hibernate a kan mai tushe. Idan sun shirya samun amfanin gona 2 a shekara mai zuwa, kawai an cire tumatir masu takin gargajiya, ganye na shekara suna ragu. A farkon lokacin bazara, an cire rassan daskararre da karye.
Bayan an gama kakar, da blackberry daji ne trimmed, yanke da frigid harbe a matakin ƙasa.
Muna amfani da trellis
A lokacin da girma blackberries, gogaggen lambu fi son yin amfani da trellises. Garter na bushes yana ba ku damar kare wani ɓangare na amfanin gona daga tuntuɓar ƙasa, yana ba da isasshen hasken rana da tsararren daji, ba tare da samar da yanayi don bayyanar naman gwari ba.
Tapestry abu ne mai sauki don yin nasu. Sanya shigarwar tallafi tare da tazara tsakanin su na 5 m kuma shimfiɗa layuka 2-3 na waya a nesa na 50 cm daga juna.
3 harbe masu ƙarfi waɗanda ke kusa da ƙasa suna ɗaure zuwa trellis don ƙananan waya a tsayi na cm 50. Zuwan bazara, an ɗora kofofin da aka ɗora kuma an ɗaura su a kan babban waya. Sabbin harbe kore an ɗaura su zuwa ƙananan bene.
Yana da kyau a shuka blackberries a trellises: wannan hanyar itace mafi kyawun haske akan daji, kuma yafi sauki a kula dashi
Hanyoyin kiwo
Blackppe Ruben layer, yay da iri. A farkon lamari, kawai harba harbi a cikin talauci a ƙarƙashin daji, tun da farko ya haɗu da ƙasa, kuma gyara shi da ƙusoshin ko sanduna daga rassan. Bayan an dasa tushe, sai aka bar tsiron daga cikin dajin mahaifiyar da aka dasa.
Ba a taɓa yin amfani da irin ƙwayar haifuwa ba, tunda fruiting a wannan yanayin yana faruwa a shekara ta uku. Lokacin da aka yada shi ta hanyar kore kore a tsakiyar bazara, an yanke harbe cikin guda 10 cm, dasa a cikin ƙananan kwantena tare da cakuda ƙasa mai gina jiki, an shayar, an rufe shi da fim. Ana yin iska mai tsami a kai a kai kuma ana danshi. Bayan wata daya, an dasa tushen da ya dasa zuwa wuri na dindindin.
Bayan bayyanar Tushen, ana shuka tsiron a wani wuri mai ɗorewa
Cooking don hunturu
A kan gyaran blackberry, kafin fara yanayin sanyi, an yanke ciyawar, ƙasa tana mulched. Idan sun yi shirin samun amfanin gona guda 2 a kaka mai zuwa kuma su bar harbe-harbe na shekara, ya kamata a rufe su har sai sanyi. Don yin wannan, shimfiɗa waya tare da jere a tsayi na 25 cm, tanƙwara da stalks na blackberry a cikin wani yanayi arcuate kuma gyara shi a cikin wannan matsayi. Sheathed tare da agrofibre daga sama, karkashin annoba sun sa guba daga rodents. Don hana harbe harbe, ana aiwatar da dumama a ƙananan yanayin zafi, mako guda kafin farkon sanyi.
Kafin farkon sanyi, blackberry bushes an rufe su da kayan da basu saka ba.
Bidiyo: blackberries masu girma
Rigakafin cutar
Bambancin Ruben a matakin tsararrakin rigakafi yana da rigakafi ga cututtuka da yawa gama gari na amfanin gona na Berry. Lokaci ne lokaci-lokaci a cikin rigar rani a kan ƙananan rassan, waɗanda suka daɗe tare da duniya na dogon lokaci, zaku iya lura da berries tare da burbushi na launin toka. Kula da cutar zai taimaka wajen magance cakuda Bordeaux 1% kafin da bayan fure.
Rashin ruwa yana bayar da gudummawa ga ci gaban launin toka; cutar na iya shafar berries a cikin hulɗa tare da ƙasa
A cikin lokacin rani, ana iya mamaye tsire-tsire ta hanyar mazauna yankunan aphid. Kwaro ya tsotse ruwan jujin, ya lalata su, wanda ke haifar da raguwar yawan aiki. Theariyar ta ba da amsoshin tare da shafin, don haka, da farko, ya kamata a gudanar da rigakafin waɗannan kwari ta hanyar Anteater, Cypermetrin. An yanke rassan da aphids. Fesa daji kafin da bayan fure tare da Actara (2 g a 10 l), Actellic (2 ml 2 a kowace l).
Blackberry harbe shafi aphids yanke kuma kuna
Girbi
Ruben farkon nau'in ripening ne. Na farko amfanin gona ripens a ƙarshen Yuni, a karo na biyu da 'ya'yan itãcen girbe a watan Satumba - Nuwamba. Ana zaba berries tare da dabbobin, don mafi kyawun ajiya ana yanka su da almakashi. A dakin zafin jiki, ya kamata a adana blackberries fiye da kwanaki 4.Za'a iya tsawaita rayuwar Shelf har zuwa makonni 3 idan an sanya berries a cikin firiji.
Baƙar fata kawai ba za a iya cinye sabo ba, har ma kuna iya yin goge baki daga gare ta, sanya ruwan inabi da giya, da kuma kayan adon kayan zaki. Zuma blackberry mai yaji da yaji mai kwalliya tayi matukar godiya, dukda cewa tana da tsada sosai kuma tana da wuya. Blackberries ba kawai dadi ba ne, har ma da lafiya. Saboda kasancewar hadadden tsarin multivitamin a ciki, yana da fa'ida mai amfani ga aikin jijiyoyin jini, ƙwayar jijiyoyi, ƙarfafa ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya, inganta hangen nesa, kuma yana da kayan antipyretic.
Sake Gani
A iri-iri ne sosai m! daraja daraja da shi! Ina ma so in faɗi cewa ban da wannan nau'in gyaran, yana da kyau ku sami ma'aurata da dama iri daban-daban na ranar tarawa. Misali, Thornfrey, Karak baki da Triple Crown! Sa'an nan kuma gidan dan huɗu na iya cinye sabo ne sabo (ta hanyar, yana da amfani sosai!) Kuma ku yi shirye-shirye da yawa a cikin hanyar matsawa, jams kuma, ba shakka, daskare!
Marina//forumsadovodov.com.ua/viewtopic.php?p=6524
Kuma wannan shekara ta ta uku kenan a cikin gudu tare da Ruben. A wannan shekara na gwada berries a karo na farko (girbi a cikin harbe na bara), Ina son dandano. Har ila yau, harbe-harbe bana ba su yi fure ba. A bara, bloomed a watan Oktoba, babu ovary.
Bayarwa//club.wcb.ru/index.php?showtopic=2683
A kan Ruben mun sami berries masu launin fari. A cikin shekarun da suka gabata, babu baƙar fata baƙar fata don haka da wuri. Wataƙila batun yana cikin shekaru na daji da kaka mai zafi.
Yakimov//club.wcb.ru/index.php?showtopic=2683
Blackberry Ruben yana ƙara cinye filin sararin samaniya. Bayan duk wannan, wannan bishiyar bishiyar bishiyar bishiyar unpreentious ce a cikin kulawa, da wuya marassa lafiya, kuma mafi mahimmanci - yana bada babban amfanin sau biyu a kakar. Tabbas baƙar fata baƙar fata na tabbas za a ji daɗin yara ba kawai ba, har ma da manya saboda kyawawan abubuwan bitamin da ke ciki.
