Aspidistra: iri, kulawar gida

Aspidistra asalin halittar tsirrai ne na dangin asparagus, mai lamba 8. Ya kasance akan tsarin asparagus, aji monocotyledonous. Wannan ciyayi ne mai saurin ciyawa wanda aka hana shi tare da tushen tushen ci gaba da tsayin ganye na kusan cm 55 A cikin yanayin cikin gida, babban aspidistra ya yadu. Tana da haɓakar haɓaka sosai.

Bayanin

Aspidistra na cikin tsoffin al'adun gargajiya. Asalinta shine ƙasashe masu zafi na gabashin Asiya. A cikin rubuce-rubucen da suka gabata tun zamanin Wei, ana samun bayanin shuka. Ya fi son wuraren inuwa. Dogayen juyin halitta sun ba al'adar haɓaka haƙuri, haɗe tare da babban karbuwa, wanda a wasu lokutan ana kiran aspidistra fure-fure. Uwargidan baƙin ƙarfe kuma tana da wani suna - "maɓallin macizai" ("maɓallin asf", - "fure", wanda ke nuna maciji mai jan ciki). A karkashin wannan sunan barkwanci, sananne ne ga jama'a saboda iyawar ganye don yin yawo lokacin da ake hulɗa da jikin dabbobi masu rarrafe. Wani suna - "Iyali abokantaka", saboda rayayyun tushen harbe. Aspidistra

Daga ra'ayi na ilimin kimiyya, "manyan ganye" hakika harbe ne. "Ganyayyaki na Gaskiya" suna kama da sikeli kuma masu aspidistra suna buƙatan su don tabbatar da haɓaka harbe.

Flow a cikin gida lamari ne mai wuya. Furannin furanni masu tsayi da tsayi da yawa suna kan rhizome, kusan a doron ƙasa, kuma basa wakiltar ƙimar kayan ado. Fure daya kawai. A cikin daji - lokacin da ake ruwan sama kamar da bakin kwarya - a watan Janairu zuwa Maris. A cikin yanayin dakin, aspidistra na iya farantawa tare da furanni a cikin hunturu, bazara ko bazara.

Jagora masu fulawa sau da yawa suna yin amfani da aspidistra yayin shirya bouquets na bikin aure. A cikin ganyayyakinsa masu fa'ida da na ado, wadanda suka kasance kyakkyawa na dogon lokaci, yawancin lokuta sukan fitar da tsire-tsire waɗanda ba za su yi fahariya da kayan aikin kore ba. Ana amfani da abubuwan da ake shirya na bouquet don yin ado da rigunan mata, hotunan hutu, da kuma babban ɗakin taruwa don liyafar musamman. Musamman takaddun yaruka na kwaikwayo masu kwaikwayon kwaikwayon kayan jikin gogeffen kayan gargajiya suna shahara.

Farashin mai araha ne. Misali, farashin Asidam na Ashiri yana cikin kewayon 2000-3500 rubles.

Iri don namo gida

An yi imani da cewa kasancewar aspidistra a cikin gida abin alfahari ne, tunda shuka yana ƙara ƙarfi ga halayyar, yana kiyaye mai shi daga tsegumi kuma yana taimakawa tsayayya da jaraba mai cutarwa. Kamar dabino na asaya, spathiphyllum ko dieffenbachia yana ɗaukar ƙarfin gaske.

A cikin daji, akwai kusan nau'in 90-100 na aspidistra.

Don namo cikin gida, ire-iren wadannan sun bazu:

Duba suna	Siffofin Leaf	Bayani Gabaɗaya
Babban, Mai Koyi	Dark kore mai sheki mai kauri, babban kambi mai kamshi mai kama da ruwa. A cikin siffar yayi kama da ganyen Lily na kwari a cikin girman 50 zuwa 15 cm	Sishi-kamannin maciji. Furanni masu launin ruwan kasa-rasberi ko launin ruwan kasa-rawaya. Berry yana ƙunshi zuriya ɗaya kawai.
Variegata	Filin an rufe shi da fararen fararen kewayawa na daban daban daban.	Busharamin daji bai wuce cm 50 ba. Yana buƙatar kulawa da hankali.
Hanyar Milky	Babban duhu mai duhu, an rufe shi da farin dige da aibobi ba tare da tabbataccen sifa ba.	Wannan yana daya daga cikin sanannun bambance-bambancen nau'in variegated (variegated) aspidistra. Yin tsayayya da fari da rashin yanayin zafi. Flow yana faruwa a ƙarshen hunturu - farkon bazara. Single furanni.
Amanogawa	A tsakiyar akwai ɗigon fararen fata, gefuna suna da kambi masu launin rawaya masu faɗi.	An samo shi daga aspidistra Milky Way.
Fuji No Mine (“Snow Cap”)	Wide, kore mai duhu, tare da raƙuman wuta a bangarorin. An kawata saman da farin “hat”, wanda a cewar masu shayarwa Jafananci, yayi kama da saman dutsen “Fuji”.	Babban iri-iri. Abubuwan farin haɗi suna bayyana ne kawai a cikin shuka na manya.
Ginga hadin gwiwa	Babban, tabo.	Mafi yawan launuka-ƙauna iri-iri. Bishiyar sanyi Zai iya tsayayya da yanayin zafi ƙasa zuwa -10 ° C.
Watsa shirye-shirye	Yana da fararen fari fari.	Al'adar maraba ta Jama'a .. fure daga watan Fabrairu zuwa Maris.
Guduma mai rawaya (Gudun guduma)	An kawata ganye mai dumbin yawa tare da aibanan rawaya mai laushi.	Wannan ita ce mafi yawan launuka.
Oblanceolia	Tatattar kore, da nisa ba ya wuce 3 cm.	Shuka ba ta da tsayi, ba ta kai fiye da cm 60. Yana fure a farkon bazara. Furanni ƙananan, ja.
Nagano Star	An yi wa ado da kananan taurari masu rawaya.	Samun daraja don da ikon Bloom. Yana fure mai haske da yalwa, furanni masu launin shuɗi. Lokacinda aka saba shine Fabrairu.
Spiderman	Smallarami, ba tare da aibobi ba.	Tare da dukkan kamanninsa suna kama da gizo-gizo. Petioles cobwebs ne, da furanni masu launin shuɗi suna kama da wakilan arachnids.
Manyan feshi	Wani fasali shine kasancewar manya manyan launuka masu launin shuɗi.	An haife shi a Taiwan.
Snow-fari kambi	Dogon duhu mai duhu, tare da fararen faffara	Tsarin ya bayyana ta shekara ta 3 na rayuwa.
Rana na asuba	Kamar “shaded” ta kunkuntar haskoki mai haske.	Tsirrai masu ado suna ƙaruwa da shekaru. Ana buƙatar tukunya mai girma don haɓaka.
Harshen Sichuan	Green, a bayyane	Yana fure daga Janairu zuwa Maris. Inflorescences suna kama da kararrawa 6 na fure-fure.
Guanjou	Duhu mai duhu tare da rawaya masu launin shuɗi har zuwa 20 cm tsayi.	Yana fure a watan Mayu. Abun fure masu launin shuɗi ko ruwan lemo.
Manyan furanni	Baƙi, ellipsoidal tare da daidaita aibobi.	Furanni masu launin shuɗi ne. Blooms a tsakiyar lokacin rani, da wuya. Diamita na bude fure na iya zama 5 cm.
Ganin kai	Sake juyawa tsari, koren duhu mai duhu tare da kadan.	A rhizome ne creeping. Ba ya buƙatar kulawa ta musamman. A farkon lokacin rani, karamin fure (3 cm) mai launin shuɗi na iya bayyana.

Kulawar daki

Kulawar gida ya ƙunshi bin simplean ka'idoji kaɗan:

Mafi kyawun wurin shine a bayan ɗakin.
Zazzabi da aka karɓa - + 18 ... + 25 ° С.
Aspidistra baya son zanawa.
Ganyayyaki masu narkewa da duhu suna nuna hypothermia ko zazzabi mai kaifi a cikin zafin jiki.
Dankin bai yi haƙuri da bushewa da danshi ba. An yi imani da cewa "ya fi kyau a cika-cika da cika."
Ya kamata a shayar da shi akai-akai ta amfani da ruwa mai taushi (tare da rage abun ciki na chlorine da ion alli).
Mai amfani shine fesawa da ruwa mai tsabta. Ya kamata a cire datti tare da zane mai taushi ko soso.
Mafi kyawun lokacin ciyar shine tsakanin watan Afrilu da Oktoba. Hadaddun takaddun takaddun duniya sun tabbatar da kansu da kyau.

Lokacin kulawa da tsirrai

Yanayi	Wuri / Haske / ƙasƙantar da kai	Zazzabi / Watering	Manyan miya
Hunturu	Ya fi son inuwa, jin nesa daga windows, mafi kyau daga arewa. Idan tabo haske ya bayyana a cikin ganyayyaki, to, inji yana buƙatar hasken rana, matakin buƙatar buƙatar ƙara haɓaka. Shafa ganye yayin da suke zama datti. 1 fesa a cikin mako daya.	+ 16 ° C. Sau daya a mako.	Ba a samar ba.
Lokacin bazara		+ 18 ° C. Lokaci 1 cikin kwanaki 6.	Ya danganta da iri-iri. Daga 1 a cikin makonni 2-3 zuwa lokaci 1 a cikin makonni 6-7. Ana amfani da takin mai ma'adinai tare da babban abun ciki na nitrogen.
Lokacin rani		+ 20 ° С ... + 22 ° С. Lokaci 1 cikin kwanaki 5.
Fadowa		+ 18 ° C. Lokaci 1 cikin kwanaki 6.	Ba a samar ba.

Zaɓin tukunya, ƙasa, dasa, dasawa

Aspidistra yana son haske, m, dan kadan acidic ko tsaka tsaki. Soilasa mai ƙanshi tare da peat peat ya mallaki irin waɗannan kaddarorin. Mafi kyawun abun da ke cikin ƙasa ana iya yi shi da kansa ta hanyar haɗa yashi kogin, turmin, ƙasa da dung humus a cikin rabo na 1: 2: 2: 2.

Saboda gaskiyar cewa shuka ba ta yarda da dasawa ba, kamar yadda yake da tushen daskararru, ana bada shawarar yin shi kawai idan ya cancanta. Lokacin da tukunya don shuka da gaske ya zama ƙarami. Lokacin da aka ba da shawarar shine tsakiyar bazara. Zai fi kyau yin shuki da tsire-tsire matasa, ba tare da share tushen tsohuwar ƙasa ba. Sabuwar furen fure yakamata ya zama tsawon awanni 4-5 kafin tsohon a diamita. Zai fi kyau yin jigilar juji fiye da sau ɗaya a cikin kowace shekara 3-4, sanya babban lokacin farin ciki na magudanar ƙasa.

Matakai-mataki-mataki yayi kama da wannan:

Ana zuba wani yanki na ƙasa a cikin tukunya don magudanar ruwa.
Don guje wa rauni ga Tushen, ana dasa shuka ta hanyar jinginawa, ba a ba da shawarar ruguza dunƙarar ba.
Bayan an rufe fure da ƙasa. Tushen lalacewar an yayyafa su da gawayi.
Kada a zurfafa tushen, ya kamata a bar tushe a ƙasa.

Zai fi kyau a sanya tukunya da shuka a kan tsayawa, ba ƙarami sosai ba, don hana sanyaya ƙasa da asalinsu. Wasu lokuta ana yin kwanduna don waɗannan dalilai.

Mai jan tsami

Itace tana buƙatar datsa kullun da ganyaye da lalatattun abubuwa don hana cututtuka da kuma kula da lafiya. An yanke ganye a rhizome kanta.

Pinging yana inganta yanayin aspidistra, yana kula da kyau kuma yana haɓaka haɓakar sabbin ganye.

Kiwo

Aspidistra ya yadu ta iri, ya rarraba daji kuma ta cikin ganyayyaki:

Flowersananan furanni masu tsinkaye a cikin hanyar ruwan hoda ko kuma beraye masu launin shunayya suna kan hanya sama da ƙasa. Dansu diamita ba ya wuce cm 2.5. Bayan pollination, an kafa 'ya'yan itatuwa masu zagaye, wanda, bayan cikakken farfadowa, ba da tsaba. Za'a iya amfani da zuriya don yaduwar shuka. Aspidista tare da wannan bambance-bambancen na haihuwa zai yi girma shekaru. Ana amfani da hanyar don samar da sabbin iri.
Raba daji shine mafi dacewa hanyar haifuwa. Don yin wannan, a cikin Maris, an yanke rhizome cikin guda biyu ta hanyar fara Rosie, tare da ganye 3-5 a kowane kanti. Don guje wa juyawa, sassan an yayyafa shi da gawayi, sannan a dasa shi a cikin ƙananan tukwane, waɗanda aka ba da shawarar su shayar da su a zazzabi na + 18- + 20 ° С a cikin makon farko. An haramta daji da 'yan kasa da ganyayyaki 8 don yaduwa ta rarrabuwa.
Don amfani da ganyen a matsayin hanyar yaduwa, dole ne a yanke ta ta cire maƙarƙashiya kafin a yi ma'amala a gindin. An sanya tushe na farantin takardar a cikin kwalbar ruwa, an rufe shi da fim kuma aka bar shi a cikin wurin mai dumin haske. Bayan kimanin kwanaki 12-14, fararen Tushen sun bayyana akan takardar. A cikin abin da ya fara jujjuyawa, kuma babu asalinsu har yanzu, yana da mahimmanci don yanke sashin da ya juya, maye gurbin ruwa kuma maimaita hanya. Ana iya haɓaka Tushen Tushen ta hanyar ƙara haɓakar mai motsa ruwa zuwa ruwa. Bayan wannan, ana iya dasa ganye a cikin ƙasa, ya rufe shi da gilashin m.

Kuskure cikin kulawa, cututtuka, kwari

Matsalar	Dalilai	Bayyanai	Magani
Tushen rot	Wuce haddi danshi, kunnawa na naman gwari.	Baƙi da bushewar ganye. Bayyanar a kan rhizome na duhu launin ruwan kasa mai duhu da farin Fluffy plaque.	Ana cire Tushen mara lafiya, magance "raunuka" tare da toka, rage tsarin ban ruwa, ta amfani da magudanar ƙasa.
Yanar gizo gizo gizo gizo kaska	Rashin danshi, harin kwari.	Browning na ganye, bayyanar kodadde launuka kuma a bangon ganyen cobwebs.	Mako-mako mai fesawa tare da soapy ruwa ko kwari, za a iya tattara scabs da hannu (scabs ɗin girma suna da tsayayya ga kwari). Frequencyara yawan mita.
Palm sikelin	Rashin danshi, harin kwari.	Yellowing da fadowa daga ganye, bayyanar kananan kwari a kansu, kazalika da launin ruwan kasa aibobi a kan ƙananan gefe tare da jijiya.
Cutar rashin cututtukan fata (rashin lafiya)	Yin ruwa tare da ruwa mai inganci.	Bar fara juya launin rawaya. Launi mai launin kore yana haskakawa da faduwa. Leaf turgor ya ci gaba.	Ciyar da takaddun takaddun tare da shayar da ruwa mai tsabta.
Chlorosis	A shan kashi na shuka da wani wakili da cutar.	Gudun hanzari na ganyayyaki.	Ba a kula da cutar ba. Itace ta lalace.
Kunar rana	Bayyanar hasken rana kai tsaye.	Bayyanuwar launin ruwan kasa.	Canja wurin tsirrai zuwa yankin da ke da inuwa.
Rashin ci gaba	Rashin takin mai magani na nitrogen.	Saurin haɓaka.	Gabatar da takin nitrogen a cikin ƙasa.
Rashin ruwa	Dry iska a bango na babban zazzabi a gida.	Rage cikin yanayin, bushewa da rawaya ganye, bushewa tukwici.	Spraying a shuka, canza mita na watering. Motsawa zuwa daki mai sanyaya.
Rashin launi na ganye	Rashin haske.	Blanching na ganye, asarar launi na halayyar su.	Increaseara yawan lightingarfin walƙiya.
Rashin launi na ganye	Ciyar da takin zamani.	Blanching na ganye, asarar launi na halayyar su.	Zabin takin zamani da takin zamani.
Wuce haddi a cikin ƙasa	M ruwa akai-akai	Bar bar duhu kuma ya zama lethargic.	Ana cire ruwa mai yawa daga kwanon rufi, da rage yawan ruwa.
Harin Aphid	Kunna kwaro na kwari.	Abubuwan da aka tara na kwari sun bayyana akan ganyen matasa. Ganyayyaki sun rasa siffar su ya bushe.	Kulawa da tsirrai tare da maganin kwari, gami da shirye-shiryen da ke ɗauke da permethrin.
Gangan hatsi	M ruwa akai-akai, kamuwa da cuta tare da pathogen naman gwari.	Bayyanar launin ruwan kasa a jikin ganyayyaki, kewaye da ƙwallon ƙwaya.	Ana cire ganyen da ke da cuta, da rage yawan ban ruwa, da amfani da shirye-shiryen fungicidal.

Kayan magani, aikace-aikace

Amfani da amfani da shirye-shiryen aspidistra an ƙaddara shi ta kasancewar abubuwan da ke cikin abubuwan halitta a cikin abubuwan da ya ƙunsa. Alkaloids suna da kaddarorin ƙwayoyin cuta, suna motsa jini, suna haɓaka ɗaukar hematomas.

Ana amfani da kayan ado na magani a cikin maganin periodontitis, tonsillitis, cystitis, cututtukan gastrointestinal. Ana shawarar ganyen tsire-tsire don tauna da gumis na zub da jini. Ruwan Juice na iya dakatar da zubar jini da sauri. Hakanan ana amfani dashi don magance rauni ko bude raunuka.