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Mene ne itatuwan coniferous da bushes, sunayen da hotuna

Ƙananan zane-zane na conifers suna da kyau a kowane fanni. A lokacin rani, an haɗa su tare da lawn da sauran albarkatun gona, suna shading su da kyau, kuma a cikin hunturu suna adana ma'adinan fili tare da hasken wutar lantarki da rashin rayuwa. Bugu da ƙari, iska tana da tsabta mai tsabta, wadatar da kayan shafa mai mahimmanci. Ƙididdigar rashin fahimta game da dakatar da noma irin wannan albarkatu a gonaki masu zaman kansu sun ɓace. Kayan lambu na zamani ba su tunanin gonar ba tare da kayan ado ba. Kuma don zaɓar kyakkyawa mai mahimmanci shine abin. Ku dubi abin da igiyar coniferous ya dace a gareku.

Shin kuna sani? Conifers suna jagoranci cikin jerin tsire-tsire masu tsayi. Itacen mafi girma a yau shine ana ganinsa a Sweden, itacen bishiyoyi da sunan tsohon Tikko, wanda, bisa ga ƙididdigar dama, ya fi shekaru 9,500. Wani tsohuwar lokaci, mahimmancin spiny pine, Methuselah, ya girma a Amurka domin shekaru 4846. Gaba ɗaya, don masu haɗin gwiwar, an ƙayyade shekarun zamani a dubban shekaru. A fadin duniya, ana sani kawai itatuwan daji guda 20, wanda guda ɗaya ne kawai mai tsarki ne daga Sri Lanka, wanda shine shekaru 2,217.

Spruce

Gilashin kwalliya masu tsayi a fir sosai tasiri a cikin guda da kuma composings plantings. Wasu masu sana'a suna gina shinge na musamman daga gare su. Yau ba yau ba ne kawai al'adar da ta saba da mu tun daga yaro, tare da kambi mai kunnen bakin ciki da ƙananan rassan. A kullum yawancin kayan ado na ado suna sabuntawa ta kayan ado. Don saukowa a cikin gida na mãkirci wadannan suna bukatar:

  • "Acrocona" (a lokacin da ya tsufa ya kai tsawon mita 3 da nisa na 4 m);
  • "Inversa" (itatuwan bishiyoyi na wannan nau'in har zuwa mita 7 kuma har zuwa m 2);
  • "Maxwellii" (itace itace mai tsayi da tsawo da nisa har zuwa 2 m);
  • "Nidiformis" (irin wannan spruce ba fiye da meter high kuma game da 1.5 m fadi);
  • "Ohlendorfii" (akwati na wani itace mai girma ya jawo har zuwa 6 m, kambi da diamita har zuwa 3 m);
  • "Glauca" (spruce tare da blue needles, wannan kyakkyawan kayan ado na kayan lambu yana amfani da shi a cikin kwakwalwa tare da bishiyoyin bisidu).

Fir

Fir itace itace mai girma daga gidan Pine (Pinaceae). Daga cikin wasu masu haɗin gwiwar, an rarrabe shi ta hanyar girma da magunguna masu laushi da kuma gilashi. Gurasar suna da haske kuma suna da taushi, suna duhu duhu a sama kuma kowannensu yana alama tare da fararen launi a kasa. Sauran yara suna girma sosai, kuma tun daga shekaru 10, ci gaba yana cigaba kuma yana cigaba har sai tushen ya mutu. Duk da yawan fir, yawancin mutane suna da wuyar amsawa, itace coniferous ko bishiya. Daga cikin lambu, irin kayan ado na balsamic na ado suna da bukatar:

  • "Lissafi" (columnar);
  • "Girgizarci" (rassan sun girma a fili, tsawon su har zuwa 2.5 m);
  • "Nana" (itace har zuwa 50 cm high kuma 1 m wide, crown rounded-flattened);
  • "Argenta" (nau'in azurfa, kowanne allura yana da farar fata);
  • "Glauca" (zane-zane mai launin blue tare da shafi na waxy);
  • "Variegata" (madaurar rawaya a kan allurar).

Juniper

A cikin jerin conifers, Juniper yana cikin jagora ta hanyar bactericidal Properties. Gidan ya bayyana fiye da shekaru miliyan 50 da suka wuce. A yau, masana kimiyya sun rarraba shi zuwa iyalin Cypress kuma sun bambanta game da nau'in nau'in 70, wanda kawai aka tara a Ukraine.

Daga cikin jinsin jinsin akwai matakan mita 30 da ma'aunin 15 cm. Kowannensu yana da halaye na kansa, ba kawai a cikin kambi da hairpins ba, har ma a cikin bukatun don yanayin da kulawa. A cikin gonar, irin wannan al'ada za ta dubi kullun, kuma a cikin dutsen dutse, kuma a matsayin shinge. Mafi sau da yawa a cikin lambuna akwai iri iri iri na iri iri iri:

  • "Cone Cone" (tsawo ya kai 4 m, kuma nisa yana da m 1, rassan suna samar da siffar mai girma).
  • "Hibernika" (akwati na itace mai girma har zuwa mita 3.5 m, rawanin karami, columnar, 1 m a diamita);
  • "Karamar Kore" (dwarf iri-iri har zuwa 50 cm da tsayi da 1.5 m a ƙararra, rawanin ƙasa);
  • "Suecica" (shrub ja har zuwa 4 m kuma fadada a cikin breadth zuwa 1 m, kolonovidnaya kambi).

Yana da muhimmanci! A cikin gonar, ana bada shawarar shuka bishiyoyi daga bishiyoyi, domin su ne masu jagorancin cututtuka irin su tsatsa. Daga bambance-bambance, kwayoyin 'ya'yan itace sun rabu da tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire masu tsayayya, ana duba su akai-akai don lalacewar reshe, kuma an lalace su har sai ya kamata. Yankunan da aka shafa sunyi maganin masu fatar jiki.

Cedar

Kuna san abin da ake kira mafi yawan lokuta fiye da sauran a cikin lambun Ingila? Hakika, cedars. Sun bambanta dukkanin wuri mai noma. Irin wadannan itatuwan sun zama wani ɓangare na kayan ado na babban kofa ko launi mai kyau a gaban gidan. Cedars lokaci guda suna haifar da yanayi na ta'aziyya ta gida da kuma sadaukarwa. Bugu da kari, siffofin dwarf suna amfani dashi don bonsai.

A cikin yanayin su, wadannan itatuwan suna girma a cikin tsaunuka a tsawon mita dubu 3 a saman teku kuma suna da alama su zama hakikanin Kattai. Dabbobin daji suna girma zuwa kimanin mita 50. Kuma kodayake mutane sun san wannan shuka har tsawon shekaru 250, masana kimiyya har yanzu baza su iya zuwa wasu nau'o'in itatuwan al'ul ba.

Wasu suna jayayya cewa duk tsire-tsire masu tsayi ne kawai kuma suna nuna yiwuwar zama kawai daga Lebanon, wasu kuma sun bambanta da 'yan Himalayan, Atlas, da kuma nau'in jinsin. A cikin bayanai na aikin duniya "Catalog of Life", wanda ke hulɗar da kaya na dukkanin nau'o'in flora da fauna da aka sani a duniyar, an ba da bayanai a cikin jinsunan da aka ambata, wanda ba ban da gajeren conifer ba.

Tuna la'akari da kwarewar masana - mahalarta a cikin aikin, wanda ya gudanar da tattara bayanai game da kashi 85 cikin 100 na duk rayuwa a duniya, za mu bi da su na jinsin kowane bishiyar coniferous.

Shin kuna sani? Mutane da yawa sun sayi pine kwayoyi, waɗanda mutane da yawa suka ƙauna, ba su da kome a cikin al'ada tare da itacen al'ul. Kayan itatuwan al'ul na ainihi ba su da kyau, ba kamar itacen kudan zuma ba. Sunanta ne a cikin ƙungiyoyi da aka kira Siberian cedar..

Cedar yana da siffofin kayan ado da dama, masu bambanta a cikin tsawon needles, launi na needles, masu girma:

  • "Glauca" (tare da needles blue);
  • "Vreviramulosa" (tare da dogayen rassan skeletal).
  • "Stricta" (karamin katako ne aka kafa ta babban rassan rassan, dan kadan ya tashi sama);
  • "Pendula" (rassan suna saukowa);
  • "Tortuosa" (daban-daban rassan ginin);
  • "Nana" (dwarf iri-iri);
  • "Nana Pyramidata" (bishiyar da ke rassan da rassan da ke neman sama).

Cypress

Wadannan wadanda basu kasancewa ba daga yanayin Cypress a cikin ƙasarsu suna girma zuwa mita 70 kuma suna kama da itatuwan cypress. Ta hanyar kokarin masu shayarwa, al'adun irin waɗannan masu haɗin gwiwar sun kasance suna cike da hanyoyi da sababbin nau'o'in da za su gamsar da kowane dandano.

A cikin zane-zane, ana amfani da nau'o'i masu girma da yawa don ƙirƙirar shinge, ana shuka bishiyoyi iri ɗaya ko a cikin haɗe-haɗe, ana shuka dwarfs a cikin lambun dutse da kuma mixborders. A shuka ya dace da sauƙi a cikin dukan zane zane zane-zanen lambu, ya bambanta muraffy da kuma m needles. Kashe buƙatun, za ku ji daɗi mai dadi, ba burge bristly ba.

Dwarf iri da ba sa wuce 360 ​​cm a tsawo samun babban nasara tare da lambu. Wannan shahararren ne saboda m da decorativeness na coniferous bushes. A yau yawanci sune:

  • "Ericoides" (furonyny cypress har zuwa 1.5 m high kvopodnoy tsari);
  • "Nana Gracilis" (ta hanyar shekaru 10 yana girma har zuwa rabin mita, rawanin yana zagaye ne ko kuma haɗari);
  • "Ellwoodii" (itace da wani kambi mai kolonovidnoy, ya canza tare da shekaru a cikin wani dala, ta shekaru goma yayi girma zuwa 1.5 m);
  • "Minima Aurea" (tsire-tsire tana da dwarf, kambi yana kama da dala mai mahimmanci);
  • "Compacta" (daban-daban m rassan, m kambi har zuwa 1 m);
Yana da muhimmanci! Dwarf iri 'Gnom', 'Minima', 'Minima glauca', 'Minima aurea' hibernate sosai mummunan. A karkashin dusar ƙanƙara ba za su daskare ba, amma zasu iya narkewa. Ana bada shawara don saka idanu da yawan dusar ƙanƙara.

Cypress

A cikin yanayi na halitta, wadannan tsire-tsire suna bishiyoyi ko shrubs tare da kambi a siffar wani mazugi ko wani dala, wani ɓangaren dutse, wanda aka rufe shi da haushi mai tsummoki, wanda aka guga a kan rassan ganye da kuma raye-raye a shekara ta biyu. Masana kimiyya sun san nau'i nau'i 25 na itatuwan cypress, kimanin 10 daga cikinsu ana amfani da su a aikin lambu. Kuma kowannensu yana da bukatunta da son zuciyarsa don bunkasa yanayi da kulawa. Dabbobi iri iri na cypress:

  • "Benthamii" (kyawawan launi, shuɗin kore-kore);
  • "Lindleyi" (wanda aka fi sani da giraren kore mai haske da manyan kwando);
  • "Tristis" (kambin kambi, rassan girma);
  • "Aschersoniana" (gajere);
  • "Сompacta" (cypress yana tasowa a matsayin wani shrub, yana da rawanin zane da ƙwararru masu haske);
  • "Сonica" (ƙwallon ƙafa da shuɗi da blue needles tare da inuwa mai tsummoki, ba ya jure wa sanyi);
  • "Fastigiata" (siffa mai zane-zane tare da ƙwallon ƙafa na blue-blue);
  • "Glauca" (kambi ya fi dacewa da kolonovidnoy, guraben azurfa, ba iri iri-iri ba).

Larch

Yana maida hankali kan sunan, mutane da yawa ba su la'akari da wannan bishiyar bishiyoyi da kuma zurfin kuskure. A gaskiya ma, larch na iyalin Sosnovykh kuma shine mafi yawan nau'o'in amfanin gona na coniferous. A waje, wannan itace mai tsayi yana kama da itacen Kirsimeti, amma duk lokacin kaka sai ya kori pine needles.

Rashin ɓoye na larch a cikin sharaɗɗan sharaɗi ya wanke don isa diamita na 1 m da 50 m tsawo. A haushi yana da duhu, an rufe shi da zurfin furrows na launin ruwan kasa. Rassan suna girma gaba ɗaya a ƙarƙashin ganga, suna samar da kambi auric. Needles 4 cm tsawo, m, flattened, haske kore. Botanists rarrabe 14 nau'in na larch. Wadannan iri suna da kyau ga aikin lambu:

  • "Viminalis" (kuka);
  • "Corley" (matashi);
  • "Sauye" (tare da rassan rassan);
  • "Cervicornis" (rassan rassan);
  • "Kornik" (mai siffar zobe, wanda aka yi amfani dashi a matsayin kara a kan kara);
  • "Blue Dwarf" (halin da yake da gajeren lokaci da kuma ƙurar hanyoyi);
  • "Diana" (sannu a hankali ya kai 2 m, kambi yana kama da kwallon, rassan sunyi sauƙi, ƙwararren suna ƙurar kore);
  • "Stiff Sheeper" (an rarrabe ta da dogon harbe da yake motsawa a kan ƙasa, allurar da take da launi, sau da yawa a haɗe akan wani tushe);
  • "Wolterdinger" (wani kambi mai kama da kambi yana tasowa sannu a hankali).

Pine itace

Akwai kimanin nau'in iri iri na 115 na itatuwan Pine a duniya (Pinus), amma goma sha bakwai ne na kowa a cikin Ukraine, kuma guda goma sha ɗaya ne kawai aka horar da su. Sun bambanta da sauran dabbobin coniferous tare da ƙananan needles dake kan rassan a cikin bunches na 2 zuwa 5 guda kowace. Dangane da lambobin su, an tsara nau'ikan jinsunan.

Yana da muhimmanci! A waje, pine sun bushe cikin minti 15. Dasa tsire-tsire shi ne mafi alhẽri a shirya don watan Afrilu-Mayu ko tsakiyar Satumba.

Ga masu shayarwa na lambun lambun sun ƙwace matakan da yawa da raguwa. A cikin manyan yankunan daji da gandun daji, manyan nau'o'in jinsunan halitta sun fi kowa. A kananan yankunan da ke kusa da kuma a cikin bayan gida, itatuwan Pine da yawa masu girma suna da kyau. Irin wannan tsire-tsire za a iya bayyana a cikin dutsen dutse, a kan lawn ko a cikin wani mixborder. Dabbobi masu ban sha'awa na dutsen pine, wanda aka samo a cikin daji a kan iyakar yammacin Turai kuma ya kai wani tsawo daga 1.5 zuwa 12 m:

  • "Gnom" (halin da tsawo da rawanin diamita na 2 m, needles har zuwa 4 cm tsawo);
  • "Tsarin" (shrub har zuwa mita 2.5 m kuma har zuwa m 3, da needles suna da tsawo).
  • "Mops".
  • "Mini Mops" (shrub yana kai har zuwa 60 cm, yana tsiro har zuwa 1 m a diamita, kambi mai launi);
  • "Globosa Viridis" (tsawo da nisa na pine daji game da 1 m, siffar mai daɗi, needles har zuwa 10 cm tsawo).

Thuja

A ornamental ornamental cultivars ne m a kusan kowane Botanical lambu da kuma shakatawa. RAn dasa hotunan asthenia daga iyalin Cypress a cikin Ukraine kawai a matsayin kayan ado. Lambu a cikin bita suna lura da juriya na al'ada don juyawa, mai tsanani da fari da fari.

Thuja yana da rhizome mai karfi, rassan suna girma, suna kama da wani shafi ko wani dala, ƙwayoyi masu duhu, ƙananan kwakwalwa a cikin shekara ta farko. Har ila yau, kuka, abubuwa masu rarrafe da dwarf. Daga cikin wadannan, nau'in jinsin gandun daji na yamma (occidentalis), wanda ke dauke da kullun mai girma, mai karfi wanda ya kai mita 7 m, kuma yana haɗuwa har zuwa 2 m a diamita, gubar. Gurasar irin wannan shrub ne ko da yaushe kore, ko da kuwa kakar. An rarrabe nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'i na nau'i na needles; Wadannan samfurori suna mafi kyau a horar da su a wurare masu duhu tare da ƙasa mai tsauri.

Shin kuna sani? Thuja ya yada a Turai da godiya ga Sarkin Faransa, Francis na farko, wanda ya kasance mai sha'awar al'adun da ya bayyana a lambunsa a Fontainebleau. Gidan da ya kira "itace na rai" kuma ya umurce shi da shuka shi manyan wurare a fadin fadar. Bayan shekaru 200 da suka rigaya sun haɓaka a gabashin Turai. Bugu da} ari, wa] anda ba su da masaniya sun sha kunya saboda sun ci gaba da girma daga bisani daga bisani, kuma maimakon Kakakin da ake tsammani, sun sami raguwa mai tsawon mita 30 da rassan rassan. Yana da irin waɗannan abubuwa da ke girma a cikin yanayin yanayi.

Ƙaƙƙarwar kambi a cikin nau'i mai layi 7-mita an halicce ta da rassan tsakiyar 'iri-iri' 'Columna'. Za a iya gani daga nesa a kan ƙwayoyin kofi mai duhu tare da mai haske wanda bai canza ba a cikin hunturu ko bazara. Wannan itace itace sanyi sanyi, ba da bukatar kulawa ba. Don ƙananan lambun, ƙananan 'Holmstrup' iri sun dace, wanda yayi girma har tsawon mita 3 kuma ya tashi har zuwa mita 1, ya zama siffar mai launi mai launi.

A iri-iri yana da high sanyi juriya, tolerates pruning, ana amfani da yafi don ƙirƙirar hedges. Lambu sunyi la'akari da Smaragd ya kasance daya daga cikin mafi kyaun kambi na mazugi. Wani itacen girma ya kai mita 4 a tsawo kuma 1.5 m a nisa. A cikin samfurori samfurori, rassan suna samar da mazugi, kuma yayin da ya tsufa sai ya fadada. Needles m, kore tare da m sheen. A kulawa yana buƙatar ƙasa mai laushi.

Kupressciparis

Yana da itace mai ban sha'awa sosai na kolonovidnogo, a cikin girma, kai mita 20 na tsawo. Harbe na girma sosai, a kowace shekara har zuwa 1 m. An rassan da rassan bishiyoyi, waɗanda suka tashi a cikin jirgin daya. 'Ya'yan itatuwa sune ƙananan. Ga mutane da yawa, wannan sunan mai ban mamaki shine bincike, sabili da haka, a cikin Ukraine, yana yiwuwa a sadu da coparis din din sai dai a cikin yankunan da suka ci gaba da karuwa da kuma shimfidar wurare. A cikin asalin ƙasar Burtaniya, inda aka horar da matasan, an yi amfani da ita don ƙirƙirar shinge, musamman tun da al'ada ta sauya sauƙi bayan pruning. A cikin Ukraine, mafi yawan na kowa iri kupressoparisa Leyland:

  • "Castlewellan Gold". An halin juriya ga iskõki da gyangyaɗi, ba da bukatar kulawa ba. Yana da kambi na zinariya mai haske. Young rassan m shade.
  • "Rashin Robinson". Ƙananan rassan rassan suna samar da kambi mai launi mai launin tagulla.
  • "Leithon Green". Ita ce itace tare da kambi mai launi mai launin kore-kore. Rashin rassan suna cikin asymmetrically, gangar jikin tana bayyane.
  • "Kwayar Kore". Magani tare da ganyayyaki mai laushi da dan kadan.
  • "Haggerston Gray". Differs a sako-sako da launin toka-kore rassan.
Yana da muhimmanci! Kupressoparis ke tsiro mafi kyau a kan sabo ne substrates wadanda suke isasshen ruwan sha da kuma ma'adinai-duk da la'akari da matakin pH. Ba'a ba da shawarar shuka shuki a kan wasu ƙasashe masu yawa ba.

Cryptomeria

A Japan, wannan babban mawallafin coniferous yana dauke da itace. Ana iya samuwa ba kawai a cikin gandun dajin da kan kan dutse ba, har ma a cikin zane na filin wasa. Tsararrun cryptomeria sun tsiro ne daga tsawon shekaru 150 zuwa tsawo na 60 m, a cikin sharadi mai kyau, ƙullinsa ba ya kunya - a cikin girth zai iya isa 2 m.

Branches tare da haske ko duhu inuwar needles ƙirƙirar kunkuntar mai girma kambi. A wasu bishiyoyi don hunturu, ana zubar da hanyoyi a cikin murya mai launin fari ko rawaya. Zuwa tabawa ba su da wani abu, a cikin bayyanar - gajeren, awl-shaped. Kwanuka suna zagaye, ƙananan, launin ruwan kasa, sune cikin shekara. Botanists rarraba cryptomeria ga iyalin Cypress kuma sun fita cikin jinsin daya. Yanayin Gabas na al'ada ya bayyana sunayen sunaye.

A cikin mutane, itace mafi yawancin ana kiranta "itacen al'ada na Japan", wanda ke haifar da fushi tsakanin masana kimiyya, tun da yake ba shi da wani abu tare da cryptomeria. Har ila yau, ana amfani da maganganu "Shan" (Sinanci) da "Sugi" (Jafananci). Созерцая величественное дерево в дикой природе, трудно даже представить, что его можно выращивать в приусадебном хозяйстве или в квартире. Но об этом позаботились селекционеры, создав множество декоративных карликовых форм, в высоту достигающих не более 2 м. Разновидности этих хвойных растений представлены сортами: 'Вandai-sugi', 'Еlegans compacta', 'Аraucarioides', 'Vilmoriniana', 'Dacrydioides' и шаровидные 'Сompressa', 'Globosa'.

Тис

Wadannan sune bishiyoyi masu bango ko bishiyoyi na gidan Tisov, tare da haushi mai laushi mai laushi ko launi mai tsabta da tsayi mai tsawo. Masana kimiyya sun bambanta nau'i takwas na jinsi, wadanda suke da yawa a Turai, Arewacin Amirka, Afrika da Gabas ta Tsakiya. A cikin Ukraine, kawai Berry Berry (Turai) ke tsiro a cikin yanayin yanayi.

Jinsin itace babban bishiya har zuwa m 20 m tare da haushi mai launin ruwan kasa, ƙananan ganye tare da matattun tushe a takaice kafafu. A saman allura mai haske duhu kore, kuma kasa shine haske matte. A cikin kulawa, waɗannan wakilan bishiyoyin coniferous sun cika jerin sunayen amfanin gona maras kyau. Yew needles suna da haɗari ga dabbobi, zai iya haifar da guba mai tsanani har ma da mutuwa. Kwayoyin iri iri iri na sararin samaniya tare da fadi da kewayo. Saboda kyawawan dabi'un shuka don pruning an yi amfani dasu don ƙirƙirar iyakoki da siffofi daban-daban. Kowace nau'i yana da halaye na kansa. Mafi yawan iri iri:

  • "Aurea". Dwarfish sauye har zuwa 1 m, tare da kananan ƙananan needles na launin rawaya.
  • "Pyramidalis". A undersized pyramidal siffar zama sako-sako da tare da shekaru. Gurasar sun fi tsayi a tushe na rassan kuma sun fi guntu a sama. Bush tsawo 1 m, nisa 1.5 m.
  • "Capitata". Kambi a cikin nau'in fil yana tsiro da hanzari, yana da daya ko fiye trunks.
  • "Lissafi". Ƙawanin yana da babban shafi. Tare da tsufa, saman ya zama fadi fiye da tushe.
  • "Densa". Mai hankali girma, mace shuka, kambi m, flattened.
  • "Expansa". Crown a cikin nau'i na gilashi, tubeless, tare da cibiyar budewa.
  • "Farmen". Short yew tare da kambi mai tsayi da ƙura mai duhu.
Shin kuna sani? Kamfanonin ƙwayoyi na fiye da shekaru 20 suna amfani da yatsun ƙanshi don samar da kwayoyi don mummunan ciwon sukari. Berry yew, yalwace a kasarmu, an san shi ne don kayyade kayan warkaswa a cututtukan ciwon daji na mammary gland, ovaries, intestines, ciki, da kuma hormonal cuta. A Turai, bayan trimming hedges, lambu yi hayar kuw rassan zuwa shafukan yanar gizo don kara aiki.

A lokacin zabar wuraren shimfidar wuri don lambun ka ko gonar gida, kana bukatar ka sani ba kawai abin da itatuwan coniferous da bushes suke ba, sunaye da nau'o'insu, amma yana da mahimmanci don fahimtar siffofin ci gaba, ƙaddarar mahimmanci, siffar kambi, cibiyoyin bunkasa, da kulawa. In ba haka ba, maimakon wani kayan ado mai ban sha'awa a gonar, za ka iya samun duniyar da za ta samar da inuwa ga dukkan abubuwa masu rai.

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