Lokacin da masu farin ciki mallakin gida na bazara a karo na farko sun zo da kadada 5-10, to a mafi yawan lokuta hoto mara nauyi yana jiran su. Landasa ta cika da weedsa andan itace da harbe-harben daji, da bishiyoyi masu firgitarwa da kuma allura mai yada kai da farko kallo alamu ne cewa aikin ba a cika lissafin su ba. Ba shi da amfani don dogaro da babban riba ba tare da antar da ƙasa ba, wanda shine dalilin da ya sa mazauna rani da farko sun ɗauka don bincika abubuwan da ke tattare da ƙasa, acidity, zafi, da dai sauransu Kuma dangane da matsalolin da aka gano, suna aiwatar da nau'ikan mahimmin bayanin ƙasa.
Daga Latin melioratio yana fassara a matsayin "ci gaba." Wannan kalma a cikin tsohuwar duniyar ta tsara tsarin matakan wanda manufarta ita ce haɓaka inganci da wadatar ƙasa don haɓaka haɓaka. Beenasar mai kyau ta kasance mai daraja ga kowane tsararraki, don haka masana kimiyyar ilmin kimiyyar halitta sun haɗu da hanyoyi da yawa don juya ƙasa mara amfani a cikin rami na haihuwa. Sun kawo ruwa zuwa wuraren bushewa, cire ruwa da kuma wuce haddi, daidaita yanayin kasar, gabatar da nau'ikan takin zamani. Sakamakon haka, an ci gaba da ɗaukar wurare huɗu na filaye, waɗanda ake amfani da su yanzu a kan dabarun lambun, a gonaki, da dai sauransu.
Noma - farkon maimaitawa aiki
Kowane mazaunin rani ana aiwatar da nau'in fasaha da fasaha na al'adu a farkon matakin ci gaban shafin. Don samun ƙasa mai kyau daga ƙauyen da aka watsar don rusa gadaje da gadaje na fure, dole ne aƙare a sare tsofaffin bishiyoyi, dasa toka, yanke hummocks da cika ramuka, sannan kuma tsaftace yankin daga duwatsu. Af, game da hanyoyi mafi inganci don tumbuke kututture za'a iya samun su a cikin wani labarin daban "Rungumar bishiyar itace." Lokacin da aka share ƙasa don huɗar farkon, ana nazarin nau'in ƙasa. A kan yumɓu mai nauyi na yumɓu, ana aiwatar da sanding, yana gabatarwa daga 10 zuwa 20 cm yashi kuma ƙusar da shi a cikin ƙananan yadudduka na ƙasa. Wannan yana inganta tsarin iska da ruwa na duniya, yana ƙaruwa da dumama na ƙasa, yana kawar da ƙirƙirar ɓarna a lokacin rani.
Sabanin shi shine yumbu. Ana aiwatar da shi akan filaye da yashi mara kyau. Loam an warwatsa shi da wani yanki mai kusan 10 cm a ƙarƙashin huɗa. Clay yana taimakawa riƙe danshi da wadatar da ƙasa tare da abubuwan gano waɗanda basu isa cikin yashi ba.
Ya danganta da nau'in ƙasa da ke mamaye a lokacin bazara, yashi, yumɓu, chernozem, peat crumb da sauran abubuwan da aka haɗa don ƙara haɓaka iska da ruwa na ƙasa.
Idan rukunin yanar gizon ya sami bunƙasa na peat, to, ana bada shawara don gabatar da yumɓu da yashi a lokaci guda. Atarfe na peat suna daskarewa zuwa zurfin zurfafa, kuma gabatarwar cakuda yashi ya sanya ƙasa ta zama ƙasa, yana hanzarta aiwatar da dunƙule ƙasa a cikin bazara kuma ya ba da damar shuka gadaje 10 - 10 a kwanakin da suka gabata.
Aikin hutawa: daidaita da yanayin zafi
Kowane tsire-tsire yana da buƙatun ruwa na kansa, amma mafi yawan har yanzu basu yarda da wuce haddi ko rashin danshi ba. Saboda haka, maimaita ƙasa ya haɗa da irin wannan jagora kamar injin inshora. Aikin sa shine a tsayar da matsakaicin matakin danshi a cikin ƙasa tare da taimakon jerin matakan, yana haifar da amfanin gona. Ya danganta da wurin da shafin yake (rami ko tudu, kusanci zuwa tafki na dabi'a ko tsaunin ƙasa ...), ƙayyade abin da ake buƙatar aikin ban ruwa da magudanan ruwa a takamaiman wuraren da rukunin yanar gizon yake.
Lambatu: gusar da danshi mai yawa
Idan mazaunin bazara yana da "sa'a" don samun ƙasa a cikin ƙasa mai zurfi, inda bayan kowace ruwan sama ƙasa ba ta bushe tsawon makonni, to lallai ne ku ƙirƙiri tsarin magudanar ruwa. In ba haka ba, tsire-tsire za su bushe, kuma ginin gine-ginen zai fara lalacewa a lokacin narkewar dusar ƙanƙara ko ambaliyar ruwa. Ya danganta da matsayin yawan shaye shaye, an kirkira wani yanki, ko bakin kofan magudanan da zai rufe dukkan yankin. Kuna iya karanta ƙarin game da fasaha na sanya magudanar ruwa a cikin labarin "Tsarin malalewa ruwa a shafin."
Idan rukunin yanar gizon yana cikin ƙasa mai laushi, to babbar matsalarsa za a ƙara yawan danshi ta ƙasa, wanda za'a iya kawar da shi ta hanyar magudanar magudanar ruwa
Ban ruwa na kasar gona: taimaka magance fari
Idan ƙasa tana da haske kuma taƙasa tana riƙe danshi, haka kuma a wuraren da ke da yanayin zafi, dole ne a yi tunanin tsarin ban ruwa na wurin. A lokacin rani, yayin girma na amfanin gona na lambu, danshi yana da mahimmanci. Ba tare da shi ba, tsire-tsire na iya zubar da launi, rage matsayin samuwar ƙwayoyin kwayoyi, 'ya'yan itãcen marmari kuma za su kasance marasa ƙarfi. Sabili da haka, mazauna bazara suna zaɓar ɗayan nau'in ban ruwa, mafi riba a cikin takamaiman yanayi.
Don haka, ana amfani da hanyar daskararwa sau da yawa a cikin manyan filayen noma. Ana barin ruwa akan ƙasa ta hanyar rami na musamman, jujjuya, yashi, wani lokacin kuma ana amfani da cikakken ambaliyar wuraren.
Yayyafa shine mafi yawan hanyar da ake amfani da ita a shayar akan gonaki masu zaman kansu. Ruwa yana shiga cikin ƙasa a cikin nau'i na ƙananan ruwan sama ta hanyar masu yayyafa waɗanda aka sanya a wuraren da suka dace. Amfanin irin wannan ban ruwa shine cewa yawan amfani da ruwa yayi ƙasa da ban ruwa na ban ruwa. A wannan yanayin, ba lallai ba ne don tono furrows na musamman, wanda ke nufin cewa ana amfani da ƙasa zuwa matsakaici. Danshi cikakken tushe ba kawai tushen tsire-tsire ba, har ma yana samar da shafi mai tsayi, yana tsarkake ganyen tsire-tsire daga ƙura da kuma hanzarta tafiyar matakai na photosynthesis.
A lokacin da ba da ruwa ta hanyar mãkirci ta hanyar yayyafa, ba kawai tushen Tushen ba, har ma da dukkanin ɓangarorin da ke sama suna cike da danshi, wanda ke kara hanzarta aiwatar da aikin photosynthesis
Ban ruwa na ƙasa shine hanya mafi aiki don ƙara yawan danshi na ƙasa. Yana buƙatar shimfida bututu mai lalacewa a ko'ina cikin ɓangaren kuma a haɗa su zuwa farashin. Ruwan da aka matso shi da matsin lamba zai gudana ta cikin bututun kuma a hankali ya bar ta cikin ramuka a cikin ƙasa, don haka yana ƙara yawan danshi. A iri-iri na subsoil ban ruwa ne drip ban ruwa. Gaskiya ne, a yau za a iya ɗaukar bututu da bututun ta wannan hanyar duka a cikin ƙasa da samansa. Ta hanyar amfani da magudanar ruwa, ba a rage adadin ruwan, ciyawar ba ta “ciyar” da danshi, kuma kowace shuka tana samun “abin sha” gwargwadon bukata, kuma ba a allurai da yawa ba, amma a hankali.
Baya ga magudanan ruwa da ban ruwa, matakan ban ruwa da magudanan ruwa na iya hadawa da yakar magudanan ruwa, kwarara, lalacewar ƙasa, da sauransu.
Maimaita ƙwayar cuta: yana daidaita ma'aunin PH
Wataƙila mafi mashahuri nau'in sakeyin ƙasa ana iya kiransa sinadarai, saboda kowane mazaunin rani a kowace shekara yana sa takin takin ƙasa don inganta abubuwan da ke cikin ƙasa kuma suna yin yaƙi da ƙwayar haɓaka. Idasar Acidiki matsala ce ta yau da kullun, saboda ruwan sama, takin ƙasa mai haɓaka, da jujjuyawar amfanin gona mara kyau yana lalata ma'aunin PH, yana rage yawan amfanin ƙasa da ƙimar ƙasar kanta. Mun riga mun rubuta game da yadda ake hulɗa da acidity na ƙasa kuma inganta haɓakarta (abubuwa "Limuntataccen ƙasa a gonar" da "Abin da ke ƙayyade wadataccen ƙasa"), don haka za mu mai da hankali kan sauran nau'ikan maimaita ƙwayar cuta.
Introductionaddamar da lemun tsami, gari dolomite ko ash na itace a cikin ƙasa yana taimakawa wajen daidaita yawan ƙwayar ƙasa da haɓaka ci gaban yawancin amfanin gona
Yawan salts, kamar acid wuce haddi, marasa kyau ga tsirrai. Kuma idan mazaunin bazara ya sami rukunin yanar gizon tare da abin da ake kira marshes na gishiri - wurare a wurin da ake saka yawancin adadin ƙwayoyin halitta a cikin ƙasa, to, waɗannan wuraren an fara cire su.
Dangane da darajar gishirin, ƙasa sun sha bamban - daga ɗan gishiri da aka ɗanɗano zuwa ƙoshin gishiri, amma yaƙi da wani abu mai kama da juna a kan dukkan ƙasashe iri ɗaya ne. Ana wanke ƙasa don cire gishiri daga babba na Layer. Ana cinye kusan lita 150 na ruwa a kowace murabba'in mita. A bayyane yake cewa babu wata al'ada da zata iya tsayayya da irin wannan ambaliyar, sabili da haka, ana aiwatar da wanka akan ƙasa mai tsabta. Fitar cikin yankuna da tsarin magudanar ruwa yana da matukar tasiri. Yawan wuce haddi tare da ruwa zai shiga cikin bututu, kuma daga can - a wajen shafin. Don haka tare da dabarar da za ta biyo baya, ƙasa daga zurfin ma ba za ta zama gishiri ba.
Wararin ƙarin dumama na ƙasa: inshora da sanyi
A cikin yanayin sanyi, aikin sakewa na zafi yana taimakawa taimako da sauri don ƙona ƙasa a bazara. Manufar su shine ƙara yawan zafin jiki daga farfajiya da yadudduka masu zurfi ta yadda a ƙarshen lokacin sanyi ana kare Tushen daga shigar azanci daga ƙasa. Don wannan, ana amfani da nau'ikan mulching daban-daban, ana sanya takaddun takin ƙasa da ramuka a cikin ƙasa, ƙaddamar da ƙasan haske, da sauransu.
Mulching kusa da kututturen bishiyoyi na taimaka wajan rage yiwuwar daskarewa daga tushen a cikin tsananin sanyi kuma yana riƙe da danshi a cikin ƙasa
Kuna iya koyon ƙarin cikakkun bayanai game da abubuwa daban-daban don mulching daga bidiyon:
Maimaitawa: Adana filaye na Dan Adam
Maimaita ƙasa kuma mallakar wani nau'in radin ƙasa ne daban, i.e. dawo da su. Sau da yawa yayin aikin biranen, hakar ma'adinai, da dai sauransu, wani yanki na ƙasar kusa ana kashe shi ta hanyar sarrafa sharar gida, sharar gida, sharar gida, da sauransu. Bayan haka, idan aka kammala babban aikin, hamada ta rasa rayuwa a wannan wuri, wanda galibi ake rarrabawa a ƙarƙashin gidajen rani. Kuma sabbin masu su dole ne su maido da tsarin haihuwa da yanayin ƙasa na yankin, idan ayyukan birni ba su kula da wannan da kansu ba.
Maido da daidaiton ƙasa na yau da kullun a kan asarar ƙasa ba hanya ce mai sauƙi ba. Yana buƙatar amfani da manyan kayan wuta don cire datti, matakin ƙasa
An maido da aikin maido da rai bayan cikakken bincike game da yanayin ƙasar da kuma kammalawar da yakamata kwararrun kantarar ƙasa da masanan muhalli su bayar.
Kamar yadda kake gani, aikin sakewa muhimmin mahaɗi ne a cikin kula da wadatar ƙasa. Kuma idan kun sayi gidan bazara ba kawai don nishaɗi ba, har ma don haɓaka "bitamin" na kanku, to, abu na farko da kuke buƙatar yi shine shirya ƙasa, sannan kawai dasa shuki.
