Shrub chrysanthemum kayan ado ne na ainihi da yawa na shirye-shirye na gida, amma don kula da kayan ado na al'ada, yakamata ku zaɓi iri-iri daidai gwargwadon sauyin yanayi da wurin namowa, tare da lura da ka'idodin dasa shuki da kula da lambun ko shuka na cikin gida.
Siffofin girma daji chrysanthemums a matsayin perennial lambu al'adunsu
Bush Chrysanthemum yana wakilta da nau'ikan iri-iri, adadin wanda yanzu ya zarce dubu goma. Dukkansu sun bambanta a cikin tsawon lokaci da tsawon fure, wanda zai baka damar zaɓin mafi kyawun zaɓi don shimfidar filayen bazara da kaka na kaka. Lokacin da kake shirin dasa shuki na kayan ado, yakamata a yi tsawo da nisa na amfanin gona na daji.
Goge chrysanthemums Bloom har ma lokacin da mutane da yawa furanni sun riga wilted bayan na farko da sanyi
Yana da kyau a shuka iri mai tsayi kusa da tsire-tsire masu tsayi, kuma don ƙarancin amfanin gona, an zaɓi ƙananan amfanin gona a cikin maƙwabta.
Nau'in daji na chrysanthemums yana da nau'ikan sama da 650 tare da bambance-bambance a lokacin fure, tsari, girman, kazalika da launi, girman inflorescences
Shafe nau'in Chrysanthemum galibi ga nau'in perennial kuma galibi ana amfani da su a cikin shimfidar wuri.
Ko da lambu masu gogaggen lambu suna mamakin launuka iri-iri na launuka iri-iri, nau'ikan su da siffofin su
A filin buɗe ido, al'adun gargajiyan na fure da tsayi, da yawa tsawon watanni biyu ko fiye.
Kyakkyawan launuka masu launin shuɗi na kwalliyar kwalliya suna ƙara lafazin da ake buƙata a cikin ƙira, tare da taimakon abin da zaku iya rarrabawa yankin zuwa gunguna daban ko kuma a haɗa nau'ikan furanni da yawa cikin kayan guda ɗaya
Farkon fure da tsawon lokacinta ya dogara da halaye na ɗabi'a da yankin namo.
Girman girma da kuma siffofi na bushes da furanni na chrysanthemums sun bambanta a babbar kewayon, don haka ba zai zama da wahala a zaɓi iri domin kowane lambun fure ba - daga gaba da ƙusa na kusanci
Cikakkun siffofin daji Chrysanthemum suna da bambance-bambance na bambanci daga nau'ikan lambun kuma ana nuna su da tsintsin-ɗakunan furanni mai yawa ta hanyar shinge da dasa shuki iri mai yawa. Yawancin harbe tare da ganye da aka sassaka suna aiki a matsayin nau'i na kore na fure don fure furanni a saman harbe. Chrysanthemums na fure a cikin bazara da damina.
Potted chrysanthemums za a iya dasa a cikin ƙasa bude, amma to, za su bukatar da za a dug sama da kuma canjawa wuri zuwa tukwane na hunturu
Shrub irin Chrysanthemum an daidaita su sosai don girma akan baranda, loggia ko terrace. An wakilta su da daidaitaccen ma'auni, mai sihiri, da squat da yada iri. Lokaci na al'ada na fure ya wuce daga shekarun ƙarshe na lokacin bazara kuma ya kasance kusan kusan kaka, har zuwa farkon yanayin sanyi.
Chrysanthemum ne da gaskiya a matsayin Sarauniyar kaka na dogon da kuma ci gaba fure
Muhimmin sashi na sanannun nau'ikan da Dutch, Indiya, Jafananci da Koriya ke shayarwa. Yawancin nau'ikan Indiya suna da ƙaunar zafi, saboda haka sun fi dacewa da haɓaka cikin yanayin ƙasa.
Chrysanthemum na Indiya shine mafi yawa ana girma cikin gida a cikin ƙasa da aka yanke
Hakanan yaren Dutch da Jafananci kuma ana girma ne musamman a cikin yanayin sauyin yanayi mai sauƙi kuma suna buƙatar ƙwarewar, kulawa ta kwararru.
Kyawawan bouquets na chrysanthemums suna nuna farin ciki, yalwa, tsawon rai
Koreanabilar Korean suna da mutuƙar wuce yarda. Suna da tushe sosai a yankuna masu haɗari, tare da lokacin sanyi ba kuma lokacin bazara ba. A kan iyakar yawancin yankuna na Rasha, ana yin shuka iri iri na Koriya, kuma a yankuna na kudanci kusan kowane nau'in zafi mai ƙauna za a iya noma shi.
Tushen tsarin 'yan koren Korea na da matukar karfi, da yawa iri ne ke da damar yin hunturu a cikin bude tare da karancin tsari
Hotuna da kuma taƙaitaccen bayanin kwatancen shahararrun
Don zaɓar mafi kyawun Chrysanthemums don lambun ku, ya kamata ku san kanku da yawancin nau'ikan da suka shahara tare da lambu.
Minx
Tsawon daji shine 60-70 cm. launin launi na furen fure shine 5-6 cm a diamita - purple ko burgundy. Yana blooms a watan Satumba.
"Minx" - wani nau'in Chrysanthemums na Koriya iri-iri
Alice
Tsawon daji shine 35-40 cm .. Launi na fure mai ninka biyu -2 cm cm a diamita rawaya ce. Yana fure a watan Agusta.
Ba daidaituwa ba ne cewa ake kira Chrysanthemum na wannan nau'in da "fure mai launin zinare"
Bacardi
Tsawon daji shine cm 50. launinta na fure mai sauƙi 7-10 cm a diamita na iya zama fari, ruwan hoda, rawaya tare da fure mai launi. Yana blooms a ko'ina cikin Satumba.
Chrysanthemum "Bacardi" galibi ana amfani dashi a cikin abubuwan da aka rubuta bouquet, saboda yana da babban kara da kuma inflorescences mai ƙarfi.
Celebrity
Tsawon daji shine 70-90 cm. launin launi mai sauƙi na fure tare da diamita na 3-4 cm shine rawaya. Yana blooms a watan Satumba da Oktoba.
Bikin shaƙatawa shine ɗayan nau'ikan da aka fi amfani dasu a cikin launin rawaya na launin rawaya; launin ruwan fure suna da rawaya mai launin shuɗi tare da fure mai koren kore
Saba
Tsawon daji yakai kimanin cm 70. Launi na fure mai sauƙi tare da diamita na 7-10 cm shine ruwan hoda ko shunayya. Yana blooms a watan Satumba.
An bambanta Chrysanthemum Saba ta kyawawan sassaka ganye tare da tsagi na fari, fararen fata ko burgundy inflorescences kunshi tubular petals
Lolipop
Tsawon daji shine 40 cm 40. Furen fure mai ruwan hoda-biyu tare da nisan mitoci 6-7 cm.
Siffar fure ta Lolipop fure tana da kyau, inflorescences suna da ƙanshin sabo tare da saurin ciyawa
Reagan
Tsawon daji shine 75-90 cm.Kallan furen-cokali mai launin cokali tare da diamita na 7-10 cm shine orange, ruwan hoda ko ja tare da fure mai launin shuɗi. Yana blooms cikin watan Agusta da Satumba.
Abincin da ke cikin Reagan chrysanthemum yana da iko sosai, ganyayen ya yi kauri, kore kore, kwanciyar hankali a cikin kayan ado ta yi yawa - har zuwa kwanaki 20
Mona Lisa
Tsawon daji shine cm 150 zuwa 150. Launi na fure shine cm 6 cm a diamita - lilac-pink, fari ko lemun tsami tare da kyakkyawan shukar kore. Da dama matsakaici marigayi flowering.
Ciki mai launin shuɗi mai launi iri ɗaya na "Mona Lisa" ya ƙunshi babban daji tare da furanni masu yawa
Baltic (Zembla)
Tsawon daji shine 65-85 cm. Furanni masu launin fari ne, rawaya, ruwan hoda da kore. Yana tono daga Satumba zuwa Oktoba.
Baltika nasara ce tsakanin mazaunan lambu; furanni na ire-iren waɗannan sun dace da bouquets da kuma ƙirar shimfidar wuri
Hanyoyin ƙasa
Bush chrysanthemums za a iya girma ta hanyar shuka iri abu, dasa shuki, kazalika da rarraba wani girma shuka. Soilasa don dasa yakamata ya zama mai gina jiki da kwance, tare da kyawawan abubuwan magudana.
Idan akwai ƙasa mai nauyi a cikin lambun fure a wurin, girbin fifiko wajibi ne tare da gabatarwar isasshen adadin takin gargajiya. In ba haka ba, akwai ƙarancin girma na al'adun ornamental da daskarewa na bushes a cikin hunturu.
Noma
Daidai shuka a watan Janairu damar seedlings girma, girma da karfi da kuma Bloom a farkon shekarar namo.
- Tsaba na al'adun ado ba a saka su a cikin ƙasa ba, sabili da haka, an yi shuka shuka na farfajiya. Ya kamata a sa iri iri daban-daban.
Don yayi girma chrysanthemums daga tsaba, ana buƙatar ganga, a ƙasa wanda kayan tsakuwa, yumɓu da aka shimfiɗa ko duk wani abu an aza shi azaman magudanar ruwa
- An kiyaye zazzabi Germination tsakanin 17-18 ° C, kuma farkon tsiro ya bayyana bayan kamar mako biyu. Seedlingsarfin seedlings a hankali a nutse cikin keɓaɓɓun tankuna na isa girma, cike da cakuda ƙasa mai gina jiki.
Soilasa domin shuki dole ne ya kasance mai daushi koyaushe, don haka dole ne a fesa shi da bindiga daga bindiga da aka fesa domin kada ya bushe
- Ana shuka ciyayi a cikin lambun furanni na bude daga Mayu zuwa tsakiyar watan Yuni. Ya kamata a tuna cewa bushes girma daga tsaba na iya samar da furanni waɗanda ba su da wani kamannin waje zuwa ga mahaifa shuka.
An dasa Chrysanthemum a buɗe ƙasa a ranar girgije, bayan dasa shuki, tsunkule daji, rage gaɓo duk mai tushe, da kuma sake tsunkule shi makonni 3 bayan dasa shuki
Dasa Cutukan Chrysanthemum
- Duk nau'ikan Chrysanthemums suna da sauki a yanka. Wannan hanyar haihuwa ita ce mafi mashahuri kuma mai sauƙi. Don yankan itace, ana amfani da tushe mai lafiya da haɓaka mai kyau, wanda yakamata yai kimanin 2-3 internodes.
Lignified mai tushe waɗanda suke da wahalar tushen da kuma laushi harbe harbe da yawa lalace ba su dace da grafting.
- Ana aiwatar da Rooting a cikin kayan abinci mai gina jiki, gami da ma'aurata da dama na kasar gona mai kyau, wani sashi na humus da rabin yashi matsakaici. Yanke suna da zurfin 25-30 mm kuma ana kiyaye su a zazzabi na 18-20 ° C. Don kula da microclimate mafi kyau duka sama da tanadin saukowa, tabbas an sanya "dome" polyethylene don samar da matakin da ya dace na gumi. Bayan 'yan makonni, ana ciyar da tsire-tsire mara ƙarancin bayani na taki "Ideal" ko "Rainbow".
Kafin dasa shuki, ƙananan yanka na shank ya fi dacewa a sanyaya cikin maganin da ke ƙarfafa ci gaban asalin sa
- Makonni hudu bayan fara tushen, tsarin tushen ƙaƙƙarfan ci gaba ne a kan sandunan, kuma ana dasa sabbin tsire-tsire a kan gadajen furannin furanni a kusa da Mayu da Yuni. Gadon filawa na dasa shuki yakamata ya zama mai haske sosai ta hanyar hasken rana, wanda sinadarai masu gina jiki da ƙasa zasu wakilta. Duk nau'ikan shekara-shekara ana shuka su ne kawai a cikin bazara, amma ana iya dasa perennials a cikin bazara da damina.
A cikin makon farko bayan an dasa shuki, babban zafi na iska da ƙasa yana da mahimmanci musamman
Sake bugun ta hanyar rarraba daji
A peculiarities na agrotechnics na shrubby Chrysanthemums sun hada da bukatar tono wata shuka a kowace shekara uku, raba shi sassa da dasa, wanda ya hana degeneration na ornamental al'adu. Take hakkin wannan doka ya sa bushes rare da furanni kananan.
An haƙa shuka tare da kulawa don kada a lalata tsarin tushen, kuma idan akwai tsawan dogon gefen harbe a kansu, ana yanke su
An dasa tsire-tsire a hankali, an cire tushen tushen daga ƙasa, ana cire tsoffin harbe, bayan da aka raba rassan sabo da dasa a cikin ramuka na dasa shuki wanda aka riga aka yi nisan mil mita kwata daga juna. Ana gudanar da bikin ne a ƙarshen bazara ko ƙarshen watan Agusta.
Kula da gonar daga lokacin dasa shuki a cikin filin bude har zuwa faduwar
Shrub Chrysanthemum ne unpretentious, amma kawai dace kula ba ka damar kiyaye wannan na ado shuka lafiya bayyanar da dogon fure. Babban, daidaitattun matakan da ya kamata a ba wa chrysanthemum sun haɗa da shayarwa, kayan miya da kuma girki.
Yadda ake kulawa a lokacin girma da fure: shayarwa, taki, pruning
Chrysanthemums suna cikin hotunan shuke-shuken gargajiya na hoto na gajeren hasken rana, amma don yawan fure, ya zama dole don samar da yaduwa. Lokacin da aka girma a cikin ciyawar cikin gida, an sanya filayen fure ko tukunya da shuka a cikin windowsill na taga gabas ko yamma. Hakanan ana ba da zafi a matakin 40-50%.
Chrysanthemums girma a gida ba su neman kula, girma sosai, Bloom profusely da sauƙi irin
Fesa da m sassa ne da za'ayi yafi a lokacin rani. Duk da gaskiyar cewa chrysanthemums suna da tsayayya ga fari, ana aiwatar da matakan ban ruwa a kai a kai, amma ba ma yawa sosai. Ana ƙasƙantar da ƙasa bayan an fitar da ruwan sama. Don shayarwa, ana bada shawara don amfani da warmed a cikin rana da zaunar da ruwa.
Idan ka dasa chrysanthemums daban-daban iri, dace da launi na inflorescences, a cikin tukunya daya, to, a lokacin furanni za su yi kama sosai m
Chrysanthemums amsa da kyau ga dace saman miya, kuma don fure mai yawa, irin wannan shuka yakamata ya samar da ƙasa mai wadata a cikin humus da ma'adanai. Don ciyarwa na farko bayan dasa shuki a cikin dindindin wuri, ana amfani da kwayoyin tare da ƙari na superphosphate. Na biyu saman miya ne da za'ayi kamar mako biyu bayan da girma kakar. An gabatar da riguna na uku na uku a mataki na toho kuma ya kamata ya ƙunshi 45 g na potassium da 25 g na phosphorus.
Manyan riguna ya kamata su fara kwanaki 10 bayan fitowan
Pinching da pruning ta da samuwar sabbin rassa a gefuna akan fesa chrysanthemum, kuma suna da tasiri sosai ga cigaban tsarin. Za'a iya haɗa nau'ikan ƙananan furen akan ganye na biyar, wanda zai ba ku damar samun kambin lush. Don samar da manyan kuma kyawawan inflorescences, duk rassan an yanke, kazalika da duk buds, sai babba.
Kula bayan fure. Yadda ake shirya shuka don hunturu
Shirye-shiryen fesa Chrysanthemums don nasara hunturu a yawancin yankuna ya kamata ya fara a ƙarshen watan Agusta ko Satumba. A cikin bude ƙasa a cikin yankuna na kudanci, shiri don hunturu ya shafi aikace-aikacen takin mai magani na phosphorus-potassium, pruning bayan fure a tsayin 10-15 cm sama da ƙasa, tsaunin dutse da mulching tare da bushewar ganye. A matsayin ciyawa, zai yuwu a yi amfani da rassan spruce spruce ko bushe bambaro.
Mulching - rufe ƙasa da ciyawa don kare ta da inganta abubuwanta; rawar mulch za a iya yin ta ta abubuwa da yawa, misali: bambaro, cinya, haushi, yashi
Varietiesarancin wadataccen hunturu-Hardy mai yawan furanni da hatsi na Turai da za a adana a lokacin sanyi ana haɗe su tare da ƙammar earthen, sannan a sanya shi cikin akwatunan katako waɗanda aka sanya a cikin ɗakin mai haske a zazzabi na 2-6 ° C da gumi mai zafi a cikin kewayon 75-85%. Kwallon kwallan yakamata a rinka sha lokaci-lokaci. Hakanan, adana chrysanthemums a cikin ginshiki ko ɗakin ƙasa yana ba da sakamako mai kyau.
Idan kuna da zabi inda za'a adana chrysanthemums a cikin hunturu, zaɓi fifikon ɗakin mai haske. An yi imani cewa idan ba tare da haske ba lokacin sanyi, chrysanthemum ya yanke jiki, ya zama mara ƙarfi da ƙarfi
Tsire-tsire na cikin gida bayan fure ya kamata kuma a shirya su da kyau don hunturu. An cire fure mai bushe, kuma an yanke duk rassan bushe da ganye da ganye. Ana rage yawan matakan ban ruwa a hankali, bayan wannan an sanya tukunya tare da shuka a cikin wuri mai sanyi, amma ba tare da danshi mai yawa ba kuma daskararre. A wannan lokacin, al'adun adon cikin gida ba a shayar da su sosai, ana sa ba tare da takin zamani a zazzabi na 5 ° C. A cikin bazara, shuka overwintered shuka. Kafin fure, yana da kyau a yi amfani da takin mai magani na nitrogen don miya, kuma a lokacin fure, ana amfani da tsarin nitrate.
Idan an iyakance shi ga dasa shuki, shuka zai yi yawa sosai kuma zaiyi watsi da kai
Bidiyo na Girma Furen: Nasihu Gwanaye
Abin da matsaloli yi lambu da girma
Duk da gaskiyar cewa chrysanthemums suna halin babban rigakafi da juriya ga cututtuka da yawa da kuma maganin kwari, yawancin lambu suna da wasu matsaloli tare da nadin wannan al'ada ta ado.
Tebur 1: Cututtuka da kwari na Chrysanthemums
| Cutar | Alamu | Matakan sarrafawa |
| Farar fata tsatsa | Bayyanar launuka masu launin launin shuɗi akan ganye, wanda a ƙarshe ya zama haske launin ruwan kasa | Cire wuraren da cutar ta shafa da kuma fesawa tare da fungicides |
| Grey rot | Bayyanar launin ruwan kasa mai ɗumi akan filayen, tare da yadu a gaba ɗayan ɓangarorin jirgin sama | Inganta yanayin girma, cire duk wuraren da cutar ta shafa da kuma fesawa tare da fungicides |
| Septoria, ko ganyan ganye | A shuka rauni, ganye juya rawaya, aibobi tare da fungal pycnids bayyana | Fesa tare da jan karfe na jan karfe ko Bordeaux |
| Powdery mildew | Samuwar furen da ganyen farin spore adibas tare da rashin sinadarin alli a cikin ƙasa, takin mai magani na nitrogenous kuma cikin tsananin zafi | Cuttingaramar yankan, feshewa tare da sabulun ruwa-sabulu ko maganin sabulu tare da soda ash |
| Greenpe aphid | Ruwan ya lalace, amma furannin ba sa buɗewa | Yin aiki tare da Bi-58 Sabon, Aktellik ko Karate |
| Launin ruwan gwal mai launin ruwan kasa | Bar gurbata da excrement da larvae | Yin aiki tare da Bi-58 Sabon, Aktellik ko Karate |
| Spider mites | Yanar gizo an rufe shi da ganye, ya zama rawaya ya bushe, bayan wannan sai ya faɗi | Jiyya tare da Actellik da Fitoverm |
| Meadow kwari | Ganyayyaki ya lalata da kumbura, fure ba ya nan | Jiyya tare da Actellic ko Karate |
Musamman hankali yana buƙatar takamaiman aikin takin. Oversaturation na kasar gona da takin mai magani na nitrogen yana sa shuka ta shimfidawa, buds suna rasa launi da ganyayyaki su bushe. Rashin irin wannan riguna na sama yana haɗuwa da yellowness, har da ganyayyaki na fadowa, sara furanni. Phosphorus ya zama dole ga shuka a matakin fure kuma a lokacin girma. An bada shawarar takin mai magani na Phosphate a farkon lokacin bazara tare da kwayoyin halitta.
Mafi sau da yawa, lambun da tsire-tsire na cikin gida na yin rashin lafiya, sannan kuma a wani ɓangare ko gaba ɗaya yana rasa ƙawarta ta rashin isasshen kulawa ko kuma a cikin yanayin rashin bin ka'idodin kiyayewa.
Tebur 2: kurakurai cikin kulawa, bayyanar su da zaɓuɓɓukan kawar dasu
| Canje-canje | Dalilai | Cirewa |
| Leaf baki | Cututtukan naman gwari, ciyar da rashin daidaitawa, saurin yaduwar yawa, rashin tsaftacewar iska | Shuka tsire-tsire, lura da yanayin ciyarwa, fesa 0.4% chloroxide jan ƙarfe, 0.2% baseazole ko 0.2% Topsin-M |
| Rashin fure | M saukowa, rashin hasken rana, ciyar da rashin kyau | Saukowa a kan shimfidar wuri tare da isasshen hasken wuta, wurin zama a duk shekara uku, daidaitawar abinci |
| Saukar da bangare na m | Lalacewa ga cututtuka ko kwari, ingantaccen ruwa | Rigakafin cututtukan cuta, tsarin da ake amfani da shi na matakan ban ruwa, da amfani da ban ruwa na ruwa mara kyau |
| Yellowing foliage da tsinkayi | Burnone daga cikin tushen tsarin, abin da ake kira strangulation daga cikin tushen, high acidity na kasar gona | Gudanar da yanayin ƙasa, cikakken warƙar sabo ne daga daskararren ciyawa, an sanya ciyawar ƙasa |
A mafi yawancin lokuta, bishiyoyin daji na daji suna fara yin fure lushly da yalwa yayin da wasu albarkatu na kayan ado sun riga sun rasa kyan gani kuma suna shirin hutun hunturu. Tsire-tsire, iri-iri ne mai tsayi iri-iri, girman sa da siffar daji, ba sa bukatar kulawa sosai, amma bin ka'idodin girma yana ba ka damar samun wadatar da yawa ba, har ma da mafi tsayiwar fure.
