Levkoy - fure mai fure tare da fure mai haske wanda zai cika gonar da kamshi. Yawancin masu noman fure suna mafarkin girma da shi a yankin kewayen birni.
Mattiola (na hagu) gandun fure ne daga dangin Cruciferous (Brassicaceae, Brassicaceae). Wani karamin daji ne mai girman santimita 100. Tsatsaye madaidaiciya an lullube su da ganye. Belowasan da ke ƙasa, kusa da tushen, sai su taurare suka taurare. A shuka yana da dogon elongated ganye na mai kore kore ya dafa. Fuskokinsu na iya zama mai laushi ko jagged. Furannin furanni masu kama da sifofin da baƙon abu sun ƙunshi 4 petals. Launinsu yana da bambance bambancen launuka: furanni Levkoy na iya zama fari, rawaya, ja, purple, shuɗi, ruwan hoda, ruwan hoda, da sauransu.
Mattiola ta yi fure mai zafi. Daban-daban iri da nau'in levkoy duka biyu ne da na shekara. Abubuwan da aka fi so a kowace shekara sune nau'in levkoy bazara. Perennial Mattiola yana da wakilcin nau'ikan nau'ikan da yawa: ƙanshi, hunturu, launin toka-gashi, da sauransu.
Levkoy, matthiola, violet na dare
Kalmar "hagu" a cikin fassara daga tsohuwar Hellenanci tana nufin "farin violet". Sunan kimiyya na wannan fure ya kasance da girmamawa ga likitan Italiyanci da masanin ilimin botanist Pietro Mattioli. Ana kiranta shuka "violet na dare."
Levkoy ƙanshi
Shahararrun nau'ikan da iri
Kimanin nau'in nau'in matthiol 400 an san su. Sun bambanta da juna a cikin launi na furanni, da siffar ganye, tsawon lokacin fure da sauran alamu.
Bayanin nau'ikan jinsin da iri:
- Hagu mai launin toka mai launin gashi (Matthiola incana) - yana da tushe mai launin 20-50 cm tsayi, amma wani lokacin ana samun tsirrai masu tsayi zuwa cm 80. Ganyen launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi-girma zuwa 5-18 cm tsayi kuma tsawon 1-4.5. Kara da ganye an rufe shi da Fluff. Furanni sun ninka biyu ko mai sauƙi. An tattara su cikin inflorescences na 10-60 guda kowannensu. Kowane fure ya ƙunshi 4 sepals (1-1.2 cm tsayi), 4 filayen furanni (tsayin 2-3 cm tsawonsa 1-1.5), sito 6 da pestle. Launin furanni na iya zama lilac, ruwan hoda, fari, ja, shunayya. Yadu iri iri da yawa "Bush" launin toka mai launin toka-na hannun hagu.
- Sckoy na Levkoy - wani nau'in halitta ne da ba a sani ba wanda aka jera a cikin Littafin Layi. Wannan tsiro ne mai tsiro mai tsayi tare da tsayin 20-5 cm, an rufe shi da farin farin ruwa. Yana da furanni masu launin shuɗi ko launin ruwan ƙasa tsawon 2-2.5 cm.Na ganyayyakin suna kusa da asalinsu.
- Autumn Levka - dace don dasa shuki a cikin huhun shinkafa ko a cikin ƙasa mai budewa. An dasa shi a cikin Maris ko Afrilu, kuma yana fure ne kawai a ƙarshen bazara da kuma fure fure har sai sanyi.
- Hunturu - yana da kyawawa don shuka shi a cikin tukwane na cikin gida. Ya kamata a shuka tsaba a tsakiyar lokacin bazara, to, zai fara farantin bazara a shekara mai zuwa. Lokacin da yanayi yayi dumi, zaku iya jujjuya shi cikin ƙasa.
- Mattiola bicorn, mai fararen kafafun hagu (matthiola longipetala) - ya shahara saboda ƙanshi mai tsananin ƙarfi. Yana da madaidaiciyar tushe mai ɗorewa wanda aka rufe shi da ganye da ƙananan furanni fari, shuɗi ko launuka masu haske na Lilac.
- Daban-daban Thumbelina - ƙaramin daji tare da tsawo na 35 cm an rufe shi da fure fure na launuka masu haske.
- Lokacin rani - manufa don namo waje. Ana iya dasa shi a cikin bazara, zai yi fure ko'ina cikin bazara.
Bayyanar gashin gashi mai launin levkoy (matthiola incana)
Lura! Babu ƙarancin mashahuri a tsakanin lambu kamar waɗannan nau'ikan kayan ado kamar Mataki, Haɗaɗɗen sarauta, Gwaji da Caprice.
Bi da bi, bazara Levka ya kasu kashi biyu:
- Bouquet - inflorescences suna kan layi ɗaya kuma suna samar da babban fure na fure mai farin ciki furanni biyu tare da diamita na 3.5 cm.
- Gigantic - wani katon pyramidal daji, an rufe shi da ganye mai kauri da manyan furanni biyu.
- Single-stemmed - madaidaiciyar shuka tare da kara guda ɗaya mai nauyin cm 80. Ganyenta a cikin siffar rhombus na iya samun gefuna masu warwatse. Furanni tare da diamita na 6 cm fure a watan Yuni na wata daya.
- Pyramidal - manyan shinge na bushes, kama a siffar zuwa dala. Daga cikin su, dwarf, Semi-mai tsayi da manyan daskararre ana rarrabe su. Dukkansu suna girma da furanni masu haske.
- Quedlinburg - nau'in terry tare da ganye kore mai haske. Daga cikinsu, akwai dogaye masu gajarta, gajeru, bakwai da dogayen siffofi wadanda zasu iya yin fure a farkon lokacin bazara ko kaka.
- Erfurt (gajere-gajere) - bushes an cika shi da ganye sosai da ganye. Butananan furanni masu yawa amma suna da daɗin ɗanɗano daga fure daga Yuli zuwa Satumba.
- Babban itace mai kama da duwai-kamar - tushe yana fara zuwa reshe daga tsakiya. Dankin ya kai mita 1 a tsayi. M furanni tare da diamita na 6 cm Bloom don 2 bazara watanni.
- Yadawa - daji mai fadi tare da rassa masu yaduwa ya yi girma zuwa 40-60 cm a tsayi. Daga cikin su, akwai gyara, marigayi manyan-flowered da terry iri.
Mattiola da bicorn
Noma
Kyakkyawan kayan ado na lambun zai kasance irin wannan kyakkyawan fure mai ƙanshi, mai kama da na hagu. Shuka da kulawa zasu buƙaci nauyi da kulawa daga mai girbi.
Za'a buƙaci aiki da yawa, lokaci da ƙoƙari don haɓaka Levka. Girma daga tsaba aiki ne mai saurin ɗaukar hoto, wanda shine dalilin da ya sa da ƙyar suka koma ga wannan hanyar haihuwa.
Yaushe kuma yadda ake shuka
Lokacin shuka shine kwanakin ƙarshe na Maris ko farkon Afrilu. Don namo a cikin kore, rani na hagu ya shuka a watan Janairu. Ana iya shuka iri-iri na kaka a watan Yuli ko Agusta.
Yadda za a shuka:
- Jiƙa kowace iri a cikin ruwa na awa 24.
- Kunsa tsaba a cikin rigar yayyafa kuma a firiji don kwanaki 2-3.
- Shirya ƙasa a cikin akwati: Mix sassa uku na turfy ƙasa da ɓangare na yashi. Kafin shuka, ana shayar da ƙasa.
- Yi tsagi a cikin zurfin 50 mm mai zurfi, shuka shuka kuma yayyafa shi tare da musanya.
- Rufe akwatin tare da filastik kunu kuma sanya shi a cikin wani wuri mai inuwa inda ake kula da yawan zafin jiki koyaushe a 20-22 ℃ sama da sifilin.
- Tsaba na iya fitowa cikin kwanaki 5-14.
Kula! Ta hanyar kamannin kwafan kwalliyar da tsaba, kuma zaku iya sanin ko furen zai ninka.
- gajere da kananan fareti;
- an shirya tsaba a cikin layuka 2 a kan kwaf;
- m rauni bushes.
Thumbelina azaman kayan ado na lambun
Kulawar seedling
Bayan 'ya'yan itacen sun fito, sai aka buɗe su ta hanyar cire tsari kuma su sanya akwatin a kan windowsill domin shuka ta yi haske. Ana iya kiyaye 'ya'yan itacen a zazzabi na 10-12 ℃ sama da sifili.
2 days bayan bayyanar sprouts, suna shayar. Don haka kuna buƙatar jira wani kwanaki 10-12 har sai seedlings ya sami ƙarfi. Bayan haka ya zama dole don yin girki: ana dasa kowane tsiro a cikin karamar tukunya daban. Dole ne a yi ramin magudana a ƙasan bututun. Sannan ana zuba ƙasa a ciki. Zai ɗauki sassan 2 na ƙasar ganye, 2 sassan ƙasar turfy da kuma 1 ɓangaren yashi. Don ƙarfafa tushen matasa hagu, yakamata a ƙara hydrogel a cikin ƙasa. Seedlings na marigayi irin matthiol ana shuka su ne nan da nan a cikin ƙasa bude.
Lokacin da kowace tsiro ya tsiro ganye 2 na shuka, ya zama dole don ciyar. A saboda wannan, an shirya mafita: 0.3 g na boric acid, 0.3 g na sulfate jan karfe, 0.1 g na manganese sulfate da 0.1 g na zinc sulfate an narkar da a cikin 1 lita na ruwa.
Yana da mahimmanci a sani! 10-14 kwanaki kafin dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa bude, levkoy bukatar a temaka. Kowace rana, don sa'o'i da yawa, buɗe taga a kan baranda, inda akwai seedling.
Zinare mai tsabta
Saukowa
A ƙarshen Mayu, mutane masu hagu suna kewaya. Yin shuka da kulawa a waje zai ɗauki lokaci. Yana da kyau a dasa shuki a maraice ko a ranar girgije, tunda hasken rana mai haske yana iya ƙona shi.
Kuna buƙatar zaɓar yanki mai haske inda danshi ba ya ɓoyewa. Acidasa mai acid (pH) yakamata ya zama tsaka tsaki ko kuma alkaline ɗan kadan. Soddy loamy ko sody yashi ƙasa loamy yayi kyau.
Ba za ku iya shuka tare da levok ba a waɗancan wuraren da wasu tsire-tsire daga dangin Kabeji suka yi girma, saboda suna iya fama da ƙira daga gungumen azaba.
Wajibi ne a shayar da kasa tare da raunin rashi na potassium permanganate da miyagun ƙwayoyi "Khom" don kare shuka. Don haka shirya rijiyoyin tare da zurfin 5-10 cm a nesa na 15-30 cm daga juna. Wadannan ramuka ana zuba su da ruwa, ana dasa shuki a cikinsu, ana rufe Tushen da ƙasa kuma ana matse su sosai.
Watering da kwance ƙasa
Mattiola yana da matukar damuwa ga kowane canje-canje a cikin yanayin zafi na duniya. Wannan inji yi wuya a yi haƙuri biyu fari da stagnation na danshi. Wajibi ne a sha fure a kai a kai da safe a ƙarƙashin tushe tare da ruwa kaɗan.
Kula! Bayan ruwa, yana da kyau a sako ciyawa tare da kwance ƙasa tare da ƙananan rakes. A shekara ta biyu bayan an dasa shuki, zaku iya ciyawa tare da dabbar Pianoforte bishiyar Pineoforte ko sawdust.
Ana sanya Levkoy yawanci akan gado na fure
Hanyoyin kiwo
Mattiola ne kawai ke yaduwa. Ana sayo su a cikin shago ko kuma an girbe su daga 'ya'yan itaciyar. Bayan fure, levka ya ba da 'ya'yan itace - ƙananan falon cike da tsaba. Ana iya tattara waɗannan tsaba kuma a shirya don dasa shuki a shekara mai zuwa. Terry irin levkoy, a matsayin mai mulkin, ba su kai 'ya'yan itace. Amma irin waɗannan furanni sau da yawa suna girma daga tsaba waɗanda aka rage daga tsire-tsire masu rauni.
Ciyar da dasawa
A lokacin bazara, ana ciyar da Mattiola da takin ma'adinai mai hadaddun. A matsayin babban riguna, ash yana dacewa sosai. Lokacin da fure hagu ya yi fure, yana buƙatar a ciyar da shi tare da takin mai magani na potassium-phosphorus.
Mahimmanci! Juyayin Levkoy ba kawai ba shi da amfani ba, har ma yana da lahani. Wannan tsire-tsire yana da tushen tushen m wanda yake mai sauƙi ne ga cuta.
Iyakar abin da ake buqata shi ne dasa shuki a cikin qasa.
Abun ciki a cikin shimfidar wuri mai faɗi
Karin kwari da cututtuka
Levkoy shuka ne mai ƙarfi, mai ƙarfi, amma kuma yana buƙatar samun kariya daga cututtukan haɗari da kwari.
Hadari:
- Kifi mai gurnani shine kwaro wanda ke barazanar Mattiola. Wajibi ne a magance tare da maganin ash na hagu, sau uku tare da hutu na kwanaki 4-5 tsakanin kowace fesawa. Tare da adadi mai yawa na kwari, ana kula da fure tare da maganin kwari.
- Blackafar baƙar fata cuta ce mai warkewa wacce ke shafar tushen da ƙananan ɓangaren tushe. Don rigakafin, kafin dasawa, ana shayar da ƙasa tare da shirye-shiryen Gida.
Lokaci-lokaci, masu noman fure suna haduwa da matsala yayin da akwai flowersan furanni da aka bari kuma dukansu suna da rauni sosai. Sannan yana da matukar muhimmanci a gano dalilin da yasa ba ya yin fure tare da hagu. Wannan ba kasada ba ne. Mafi sau da yawa, dalilin shine ƙasa mara kyau, wacce ba ta da taki.
Yadda ake shirya domin hunturu
A cikin yanayin arewa mai sanyi, levkoy galibi ana yin girma. A cikin kaka, an cire shuka daga ƙasa tare da tushe kuma an watsar da shi. Tona sama wurin haɓaka. Ana dasa furanni da ke jujjuya furanni a cikin baho ko tukunya kuma saka su a cikin ɗakin.
Informationarin bayani! A cikin yanayin dumin yanayi, Mattiola ba za a iya haƙa shi ba, kawai a yanke rassansa kuma a rufe da rassan fir da mai hita.
Hunturu Levka
Lokacin fitar ruwa da kulawa bayan
Levkoy na fure don watanni 1-2. Idan kun shuka iri-iri na farko, na matsakaici da na ƙarshen lokaci guda, zaku iya jin daɗin fure da ƙanshi duk lokacin bazara da rabin farkon kaka. A lokacin furanni, ya fi dacewa a ciyar da takin da ke hagu, wanda ya ƙunshi sinadarin phosphorus da alli.
A watan Satumba ko Oktoba, kwadon Mattiola ya zama launin ruwan kasa. Sannan an tattara tsaba. An cire shuka daga ƙasa tare da tushe kuma an dage farawa don bushe. Sai tsaba suna girgiza su daga bushewar kwalaye.
Tsarin launi na ganyayyaki ya bambanta
Yi amfani da zane mai faɗi
Levkoi - furanni suna da kyau da haske. Suna iya girma da akayi daban-daban ko kuma hada abubuwa daga ciki. Za ta yi kyau cikin manyan fure furanni, a rataye da furannin furanni, a cikin furannin fure, a gadajen fure. Levkoi na iya yin kwalliyar filin shakatawa, baranda, gazebo, shirayi har ma da gefen rafin.
Lura! Mattiola yana da kyau tare da furanni na sauran nau'ikan. Annuals suna da kyau kusa da lavender, Rosemary, reseda, thyme. A bu mai kyau shuka perennial levok kusa da phlox, Dalmatian chamomile, da novyana.
Adon lambun
Levkoy fure ne mai ban mamaki wanda zai cika gonar da ƙamshi mai ban sha'awa. 'Yan lambu na Amateur suna da tabbacin na hagu, saboda furanni perennial koyaushe suna baratar da kansu ta hanyar dogon fure. Abu ne mai sauki mu girka perenni matthiola a cikin gidan bazara. Ana adana shekara-shekara da biennials na hunturu a cikin tukwane na cikin gida da tukwane na furanni.
