Kyawawan orchids kyawawan tsire-tsire ne. Kamar kowane epiphytes, suna da matukar damuwa ga abun da ke cikin ƙasa. Wajibi ne a zabi madaidaicin canjin don waɗannan abubuwan ƙoshin marmari suna faranta musu da fure.
Menene bukatun abubuwan da ke canzawa
Wace irin ƙasa ake buƙata don orchid, an ƙaddara ta dogara da nau'in fure da yanayin tabbatarwa, musamman, akan zafi. A busassun cikin gida iska, da more danshi-tsayayya kasar gona cakuda ya kamata.
Yi abu don orchids
Ilasa don orchids dole ta cika waɗannan buƙatu:
- Mutuwar ciki. Kada ya kasance babu tsintsiya mara tsami da fauna a cikin ƙasa. Thearancin ko da amfani microflora a cikin substrate, mafi kyau ga orchids. A cikin dabbobin daji, suna girma a kan kututtukan bishiyoyi, inda kusan ba a kafa irin wannan microworld kamar yadda yake a cikin ƙasa ba.
- Tsarin da ba ya yiwuwa Soilasa kada ta lalace kuma ta lalata, zata iya zama mai mutuƙar fure.
- Mai rauni acid. Mafi kyawun matakin pH shine 5.5-6.0. Ga wasu nau'in, zai iya kai 6.5 pH, amma ba ƙari ba. Ana amfani da acidity na kasar gona ta amfani da gwajin gwaji. Don yin wannan, saka ɗan ƙaramin simintin a cikin jirgin ruwa mai tsabta kuma cika shi da ruwa mai narkewa. An saukar da gwajin litmus a ciki na tsawon awanni 30. Dogaro da acidity, zai canza launi. Akwai takin gargajiya na ƙasa na musamman, ana sayar da su a shagunan sayar da kayan lambu.
- Ikon riƙe danshi lokacin da iska ta bushe.
- Haske da sassauci, ikon samar da iska mai sauƙi ga tushen epiphyte.
Ilasa Ciwon Acure Mita
Kula! Abubuwan da ke cikin ƙasa na orchids kada su ƙunshi wasu abubuwan guba, yakamata a kasance cikin aminci da kuma kyautata mahalli.
Shin za a iya amfani da ƙasar talakawa
Ba za a iya amsa wannan tambaya ba ba tare da izini ba. Akwai orchids masu yawa, kuma daga cikinsu babu epiphytes kawai da ke girma akan bishiyoyi, amma lithophytes da ke rayuwa a kan duwatsun dutse. Lithophytes sun haɗa da wasu nau'ikan Paphiopedilums ("Venus slippers"), wanda ya saba da dukkanin phalaenopsis da dendrobiums fure mai fure. Dukkansu zasu iya girma kamar epiphytes.
Akwai nau'ikan orchid na terrestrial. Waɗannan kalandar, blethillas, cymbidiums, wasu daga Paphiopedilums da pleione. Hakanan zaka iya shuka Macodes, Hemaria, Gudayer, Anectochilus a cikin tukunyar ƙasa.
Cymbidium
Mahimmanci! Babu kwatankwacin chernozem daga gonar lambu kamar ƙasa don orchid bai dace ba. Kafin amfani dashi, zai zama dole a bakara kuma a saka abubuwa da yawa don sauƙaƙe fasalin, tunda samin ɗin ba zai iya haɗawa da ƙasa kawai ba.
Sphagnum gansakuka a matsayin madadin orchids
Fulatan furanni koyaushe suna gardama game da amfani da wannan kayan a zaman farko na orchids. Tana da fa'ida da mahimmaci.
Abvantbuwan amfãni na sphagnum (peat) gansakuka:
- A gaban sphagnol - a phenolic fili tare da bactericidal Properties. Irin wannan substrate zai zama bakararre, wanda shine abin da ake buƙata don girma orchids.
- Ikon tara da adana danshi. Ruwa a cikin sphagnum an rarraba shi daidai.
- Za'a iya amfani da Mosa biyu a cikin sabo da kuma a busasshen tsari, kayan sa basa canzawa.
- Sphagnum ƙasa abu ne mai kyau, haske da sako-sako, wanda shine mafi kyawu ga epiphytes.
- Lokacin da ruwa ya nitse, an sanya magnesium da ƙirar kalma a farfajiya, wanda ke hana furen fure girma. Ruwan mulmula tare da sphagnum yana hana salim cikin sauri.
Theangarorin mara kyau na kayan suna bayyana ne kawai tare da amfani mara kyau.
Rashin ingancin sphagnum kamar ƙasa don orchids:
- Kwayoyin kwari zasu iya ci gaba cikin bushe ba sa ƙoshin ruwa ko gansandan ruwa.
- Kayan abu ya yanke jiki da sauri. Dole a canza shi aƙalla sau 2 a shekara.
- Bayan wani lokaci, moss ɗin ana iya matse shi. Ta wannan hanyar, yana kawo cikas ga samun iskar oxygen zuwa tushen tsiro.
- Dry sphagnum yana da ikon sha ruwa sau 20. Wannan ya sa ya yi wahala a lissafa ruwan na ban ruwa.
Moss sphagnum
Mahimmanci! Kwayoyin kwari suna jin daɗi a cikin sphagnum, don haka kafin amfani dashi ana ko ƙoshinta a cikin ruwan zãfi, ko soaked na dogon lokaci.
Pine haushi
Mafi kusanci ga substrate na halitta. Haushi yana kwashe danshi, Tushen Epiphyte ya sha. Orchids suna da kyau a haɗe zuwa ƙasa daga bishiyar Pine kuma a sauƙaƙe kula da tsaye.
Oak haushi ya fi kyau, amma wannan riga aji ne mai daraja, tunda ya fi wahalar rabuwa da gangar jikin fiye da kananzir, kuma yana da ƙarin ƙarfi.
Pine haushi
Madadin yin orchids da aka yi daga kayan kwalliyar itacen kwandon shara shine cancancin canji don haɗakar kayan girke-girke da aka yi.
Peat mai ƙarancin ƙasa da kwal
A cikin tsarkakakkiyar siffar, peat a matsayin madadin orchids ba'a bada shawarar ba har ma ga nau'in ƙasa.
Peat mai ƙasa
Tushen tsarin fure rots a yanzu. Za'a iya amfani da peat lowland a matsayin ƙari a cikin cakuda, a haɗa shi da haushi, gawayi da sauran abubuwan haɗin.
Tushen Fern
An yi amfani da tushen osmund na sarauta don shuka orchids sau da yawa fiye da haushi na Pine, amma sun dace da su ba muni ba. Yanzu an haɗa wannan karar a cikin adadin nau'in kariya, kuma an haramta shi sosai a bar shi a madadin. Yawancin nau'in shuka na yau da kullun suna da halaye guda:
- kar a cake;
- riƙe danshi da kyau;
- watsa iska da haske;
- dauke da abubuwa da yawa na abubuwan ganowa masu amfani ga orchids.
Kula! Phalaenopsis ba ya ƙyamar wannan ɓangaren. Ya dace da orchis, cymbidium, dracula, nau'in takalmin venereal.
Kasar gona bazai kunshi cikakke na tushen fern ba, suna iri daya ne kamar peat.
Tushen Fern
Tare da adadi mai yawa na wannan kayan, substrate ya zama mai tsauri sosai, yana ba da gudummawa ga lalacewar tushen sa.
Kasar
A cikin shagunan fure sau da yawa zaka iya samun ƙasa da ake kira ƙasa don orchids ("Flora Orchid", "Plan Terra"). Kwararru ba sa son sa sosai kuma ba sa bada shawara don amfani ko da ga nau'in ƙasa wanda ya fi son ƙarin kayan maye. Don phalaenopsis, wanda tushensa ke cikin rayayye a cikin hoto, irin wannan ƙasa mai kyau-grained ba ta dace da komai ba.
Mafi mashahuri da aka sayi substrates da Firayim minista
Ceramis na orchids shine ƙananan granules na yumbu tare da ƙari na kayan halitta (phosphorus, potassium da nitrogen). I.e. da ƙasa don orchids, da taki a lokaci guda. Abun da yakamata a cikin abin da ke ciki, ban da barbashin yumɓu, shima ya haɗa da kayan kwalliya ko larch.
Wannan reusable na farko. Ko da bayan mataccen shuka, ana iya amfani dashi ta hanyar wanka da kuma yin burodi a cikin tanda.
Yana ƙaunar shi da ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayar cuta. Babiesa babiesan jariransu suna da tushe cikin wannan cakuda da sauri.
Easilyasa a sauƙaƙe yana kula da danshi da ake buƙata, amma tushen tsarin a ciki baya lalacewa. Lokacin amfani da cakuda baya buƙatar haɓakar orchids akai-akai.
Ba a bayyana abubuwan da ba su dace ba a Ceramis.
Ceramis
Orchid don orchids an yi shi ne daga kayan kwalliyar kwalliyar kayan kwalliya na kwalliya mai kwalliya daga New Zealand. Ilasa ba ta buƙatar kulawa ta musamman, tana wuce iska da danshi da kyau, basu da gubobi da ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta. Ba kamar yumbu ba, ba za a iya amfani dashi akai-akai ba.
Orchiata
Tasirin kwayar halitta na orchids. Ya ƙunshi:
- haushi na Itace Angarsk;
- gano abubuwan: baƙin ƙarfe, magnesium da zinc;
- babban peat;
- gawayi;
- kwakwa na kwakwa.
Lokacin amfani da irin wannan ƙasa, itaciyar mai sauƙi ce ta cika, saboda tana riƙe da danshi da yawa, wanda ke taimakawa juyawar tushen sa.
Tasirin kwayar halitta
Sauya aiki
Idan saboda wasu dalilai ba zai yiwu ba sayan abin da aka shirya da kayan kwalliya na orchids, zaku iya shirya substrate da kanku. Abubuwan da aka haɗa da hannu, kamar su Pine haushi, dole ne a sarrafa su a hankali.
Wadanda aka zaba mafi kyau na haushi suna buƙatar a tsabtace da gurɓatattun abubuwa kuma a aika su zuwa wuri mai sanyi zuwa tsufa don tsufa don kawar da kwari.
Sannan gudanar da maganin zafi:
- Babban yanki na haushi ya fashe a cikin wasu ƙananan ƙananan kuma an shimfiɗa su a ƙasan kayan amfani marasa amfani (tsohuwar ƙarfe ko kwanon rufi, da guga mai ruwa, za su yi).
- Daga sama, ana matse haushi tare da cobblestone ko wani zalunci don ƙasa ta gaba ba ta shimfiɗa.
- Tankar cike da ruwa, bai kai kusan 5 cm zuwa gefen ba. Sanya wuta, kawo a tafasa, rage zafi kuma dafa aƙalla awa ɗaya.
- Bayan haka sai a jawo ruwan, sannan an bushe busasshen itacen a cikin tanda a 100 ° C.
DIY ƙasa shiri
Wasu yan lambu sun fi son shirya ƙasa don orchids a gida. Don haka suna da tabbacin abubuwan haɗin da aka yi amfani da su da ingantaccen aikinsu.
Don haka, tushen farko na orchids: abun da aka yi da kanku. Ya hada da:
- ƙwayar sphagnum;
- peat mai ƙarancin ƙasa;
- Tushen fern;
- Kayan itacen kwando da kwanduna
- gawayi (Yana da kyau a tara wanda ya rage bayan wutar; ana iya haɗa baƙin ƙarfe da wani abu mai haɗari. Idan wuta ta kama da wani ruwa na musamman, ba za a iya ɗaukar baƙin ƙarfe daga gare ta ba);
- maganin cututtukan fata;
- kumbura da aka fadada;
- perlite;
- gari dolomite;
- kwakwa na kwakwa.
Wasu kuma suna ƙara polystyrene a nan, amma akwai ra'ayi cewa a ƙarƙashin wasu halaye an fitar da styrene daga gare ta, wanda ke cutar da orchids.
Kula! Ganyen peach na iya zama mai amfani mai amfani. Suna da sakamako na fungicidal kuma suna hana haɓaka masana'anta a cikin substrate.
Abubuwan da ke cikin jerin abubuwan da ke sama ba lallai ne a yi amfani dasu baki ɗaya ba. Zaka iya yin abubuwanda aka hada wasu abubuwa:
- gawayi da itacen Pine (1: 5);
- haushi + sphagnum + ci (5: 2: 1);
- haushi + peat + kumbura yumbu + koko + dolomite gari (3 + 1 + 1 + 1 + 1).
Matakan-mataki-mataki umarnin shirya substrate:
- Cook kuma shirya dukkan kayan abinci.
- Tafasa da haushi.
- Sphagnum warware, watsar da duk ba dole ba.
- Haɗa sinadaran a cikin madaidaitan ma'auni.
- Duba acidity.
- Don cike ƙasa a cikin tukunyar ɓoyayyen.
- Shuka fure.
Duk da duk capriciousness na orchids, zaku iya yin ƙasa a gida, wanda bazai zama mafi munin faɗa ba. Idan ka bi waɗannan ka'idodin, mazaunin ƙasƙanci zai faranta maka rai tare da lafiya da ciyawar fure.
