Aspidistra fure ce mai yanɗuwa wadda asalin ƙasarta shine gabashin Asiya. Sauran suna '' macijin macizai '', wanda ke nufin cewa macizai suna son su zauna a ciki. Cultureasan al'ada tana da kaddarorin da suke da amfani ga ɗan adam, tattara ƙura akan faranti tare da lalata ƙwayoyin cuta da ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta. Aborigines suna amfani dashi don magance cututtuka da yawa.
Babban nau'ikan
Asalin kalmar "aspidistra" Girkanci ce: bangarorin biyu da ke ciki an fassara ta a matsayin "garkuwa" da "tauraro". Al'adar ta kasance ta dangin Asparagus kuma tana da yanayin wahalar ƙasa.
Aspidistra
Akwai nau'ikan 98 a cikin bayanin aspidistra, amma kawai 7-9 daga cikinsu an san su da gidan shuki. Itataccen tsire-tsire mai tsire-tsire mai iska yana da ganyayyaki masu ƙyalli. Tsawon ya bambanta daga 25 zuwa 30 cm. Fulawa yana wuce wata rana, sabili da haka, a cikin shirye-shiryen abubuwan fure na fure da bouquets, ana amfani da kayan lambu na al'ada.
Mahimmanci! Kowane ganye yana nufin tsage daban. Akwai wasu ganyayyaki, ƙanana, scaly, waɗanda basu da farantin ko petiole. Sikeli na kare ganye mai ganye wanda ya fara haɓaka ya kuma kama hanyarsa cikin ƙasa. Hakanan a cikin axils na irin wannan ganye, an ƙirƙiri inflorescences na launin ruwan kasa mai launin shuɗi.
Nau'in aspidistra, wanda aka fi so a cikin ciyawar cikin gida, sune:
- Babban
- Mai Koyarwa,
- Ganin kai
- Babban-fure,
- Iyali abokantaka
- Harshen Sichuan,
- Oblanceolia,
- Kalamar
- Guanjou
- Furewa
- Hanyar Milky
- Amanogawa.
Babban
Aspidistra high - babban itace. A cikin yanayin, tsayinsa ya kai ƙasa da ƙasa da mita ɗaya - 0.8 m a gida, yana da ɗan matsakaici - 0.6-0.7 m. Faranti Leaf suna da tsawo 0.5 m kuma m 0.1 m.
Ganyayyaki:
- Siffar ta an nuna, gabaɗaya, da ɗan kwatankwacin shuka "Harshen Sharp".
- Launi mai haske ne mai haske, mai haske.
Tare da haɓakawa da haɓaka, daji yana haɓaka, ya zama lush, mai kama da marmaro.
Informationarin bayani. Wannan nau'in yana haɓaka sannu a hankali; a cikin shekarar farko, kawai sabon faranti ganye ne kawai suka bayyana a kai. A gida, galibi baya yin fure, yawanci a lokacin rani.
Babban
Iyali abokantaka
A gidan aspidistra Druzhnaya, wurin da aka fi so don girma shine baranda ko baranda. Wannan nau'in yana son shayarwa, baya yarda da bushewa daga ƙasa. Wannan ƙananan biyan kuɗi mai girma ne, yana bambanta kawai a cikin irin wannan ba manyan masu girma dabam ba.
Iyali abokantaka
Mai sauki
Aslatist Elatior mafi yawancin lokuta ana rarrabe shi azaman babban. Wasu yan lambu sunyi imani cewa Elatior babban aspidistra ne.
Mai sauki
Zai fi kyau ci gaba kuma yana haɓaka rayayye a cikin mahaifarsa - a Asiya. Hurawa a cikin yanayin ƙasa yana farawa daga farkon shekara kuma yana ci gaba har sai an yi ruwan sama a watan Afrilu. Furanni guda, har zuwa 2 cm a diamita, launin shuɗi-ja.
Kula! Wani lokaci a cikin inflorescence zaka iya samun stamens 6-8, 2-5 bracts, pistil har zuwa 1 cm a diamita Wannan yana nuna cewa 'ya'yan itãcen marmari zagaye tare da tsaba a ciki nan da nan zai bayyana.
Kalamar
Varidegate aspidistra, kamar babba, mafi yawa ana girma a gida. Tsawonta ƙarami ne, har zuwa 50 cm, amma daji na iya zama yaduwa, girma.
Wannan nau'in yana da matukar ƙarfi, yana buƙatar kulawa ta yau da kullun, kula da yanayin iska, haske da ciyarwa.
Kalamar
Furen ganye na Variegata duhu ne mai duhu tare da ratsi mai tsinkaye a tsaye.
Mahimmanci! Idan tsumma ta fara ɓacewa, ana gudanar da kulawa mara kyau. Ya kamata ku kula da rage yawan adadi da takin takin ƙasa da ake amfani da shi, bincika danshi na ƙasa - ya kamata ya zama wuce kima.
Sauran nau'ikan
Tsire-tsire na cikin gida ba su da nau'ikan aspidistra, ɗayan launuka masu ban sha'awa da ban sha'awa shine Milky Way (ko Milky Way).
Hanyar Milky
Shrubaramin ɗan gero na 40-60 cm ba ga tsayi, ganyayen da ke jikinta ke gudana tare da ƙaramin dige, kamar a sama. Yana fure a cikin Maris.
Informationarin bayani. Idan girma ba'a iyakance shi ba, ba'a datsa shi ba, to dajin zaiyi girma sosai kuma ya zama lush.
Dankin ba shi da matukar tabbas ga fari, ko kuma tsananin sanyi. Ya girma sosai a hankali.
Kulawar Gida
Aspidistra kulawa a gida mai sauki ne, baya buƙatar ƙoƙari da yawa. Mafi mahimmanci, tuna cewa shuka bai yi haƙuri da yawan adadin transplants ba. Zai fi kyau dasawa a karon farko bayan shekaru 3-4 bayan dasa shuki a cikin tukunya, idan ya cancanta.
Da barin aiki, aspidistra ba shi da ma'ana, saboda haka, kamar yadda masu girke-girke suka ce, yana shirye ya iya tsayayya da kowane yanayi kuma ya samo tushe a duk inda ya ga dama.
Zazzabi
Sirrin barin aspidistra ana ɗauka cewa wannan ba shi da wata ma'amala, mai ɗaukar nauyi, kodayake wani lokacin yana da ƙima.
Kula! Kada ku manta da dokoki masu mahimmanci a cikin kulawa da kowane irin shuka. Don haka, alal misali, idan kun sanya al'ada a cikin zafin rana, to tabbas fure zai iya cin wuta. Gaskiyar cewa aspidistra ba shi da ma'ana kuma ba ya nufin cewa ya kamata a kula ka kula da shi ba.
Wannan macen ƙarfe ba ta da tsaka tsaki. Yana da ikon yin tsayayya da yanayin sanyi har zuwa +5 digiri, kodayake yana da dumama koyaushe a cikin mahaifarsa.
Dokoki:
- A cikin hunturu, ya fi kyau kiyaye zafin jiki har zuwa +16 digiri;
- A lokacin rani, guji matsanancin zafi, da ƙima 20-25 na zafi.
Danshi da ruwa
Don aspidistra a cikin tukunya, danshi mai zafi yana da haɗari. Saboda haka, muhimmin doka shine cewa ya fi kyau zuwa sama sama da sama.
Dokoki:
- Watering kowane kwanaki 4-5. Tabbatar cewa ƙasa ba ta bushewa, ruwa lokacin da saman farji ya bushe kaɗan. A cikin hunturu, sha sau ɗaya a mako.
- Fesa bashi da tushe, amma bayyanar fure zaiyi kyau sosai.
- Yana da Dole a goge ƙura, da yawa yana tara akan faranti.
Haske
Yana son inuwa. A cikin rana mai ƙarfi za ta bushe. Idan akwai aibobi masu haske a kan ganye, yana da daraja ɗaukar ciyawar zuwa rana. Yawancin wuraren da aka ninka, karin al'adu na bukatar hasken rana.
Ilasa da takin
Ƙasa mafi kyau:
- Kasar Sod (kashi 2);
- Humus, peat, ƙasa, yashi (1 kowannensu).
An gabatar da abinci tsakanin watan Afrilu da Satumba kowane mako biyu, ta amfani da kayan saka miya: "Agricola", "Bona Forte", da sauransu.
Gudun ruwa
Yadda baƙon abu da asmbistra blooms, zai gaya wa duk wanda ya girma wannan shuka. Idan ya yiwu a cimma fure, to kyawun zai gamsar da uwargidan tare da ɗan gajeren lokaci, amma irin wannan fure mai ban mamaki!
Gudun ruwa
Ana kafa buds a cikin al'adun kan tushen kuma suna kama da na musamman: ƙarami, ruwan hoda mai ruwan hoda tare da launin ruwan gwal mai ƙoshin inflorescences, da ɗan tunannin tauraro. Yana fure kwana ɗaya kawai, bayan wannan shine tushen 'ya'yan itacen da hatsi suke.
Mahimmanci! A cikin yanayin daji, lokacin furanni yana ɗaukar tsawon kakar, a gida a cikin bazara ko lokacin rani.
Dalilai na rashin fure
Fitar aspidistra a gida ke da wuya, saboda yanayin namowa da kiyayewa wannan yakamata ya zama ingantacce. A cikin yankin Turai, wannan yana da matukar wahala a cimma.
Kuna iya ƙoƙarin ciyar da shuka tare da phosphorus da potassium, waɗanda ke taimakawa ga kafa buds. Hakanan yana da kyau a sassauta ƙasa domin inflorescences zai iya kasancewa ya buɗe.
Hanyoyin kiwo
An yi la'akari da hanyoyin haifuwa na Aspidistra:
- Raba daga daji.
Informationarin bayani. Idan ɗan itacen yana da ƙasa da ganye 8, to don wannan hanyar yaduwa ba shi da daraja a zaɓa.
- A tsaba. Ana saukowa ƙasa a cikin bazara.
- Ta takardar. An zaɓi mafi kyawun, ganye mai ƙarfi, bushe da sanya shi cikin kwalban ruwa.
Tsarin yaduwar ganye
- Rhizome hanya ce mafi sauki. Dole ne a aiwatar dashi tare da shuka wanda ya kai shekaru 5. A hankali aiwatar da hanyar - Tushen furen yana da rauni sosai.
Cutar mai yiwuwa
A dakin aspidistra akwai cututtuka da yawa. Wasu daga cikinsu za'a iya hana ko warkewa nan take ta hanyar canza yanayin hasken ko kuma yanayin ruwa. Wasu kuma sun cancanci doguwar jiyya da azanci.
Mafi sau da yawa, ganye a aspidistra ana shafawa: aibobi suna bayyana, ganye yana jujjuya rawaya, ya bushe, ya bushe ya bushe.
Cutar ganye
Abin da matsaloli faruwa:
- Ganyen launin ruwan kasa akan ganye suna nuni da kunar rana a jiki. Nan da nan ya cancanci motsa furen zuwa inuwa.
- Yellowing, wilting foliage. A kasar gona ya yi yawa, Tushen rot. Canza furanni a tsayawa a yayyafa.
- Pallor na ganye, launi ya ɓace. Yayi duhu sosai. Matsa zuwa inda hasken ke warwatse.
- Fushin ya zama launin ruwan kasa, a jikinsa katuwar gizo-gizo cuta ta gizo-gizo. Don aiwatar da kambi "Actellik", don ƙasƙantar da iska tare da sprayings.
- Ganyayyaki ya faɗi, ya juya launin rawaya, zaka iya ganin kwari a kai - waɗannan ƙananan kwari ne. A tattara kwari da hannu, ku gurbata raunuka tare da sabulu da ruwa. Bayan aiwatarwa "Karbofosom" ko "Fufanon".
- Tare da kamuwa da cuta, chlorosis, ganye nan da nan ya zama launin toka, kuma yanayinsa ya canza. Ba zai yiwu a bi da irin wannan cuta ba - ya kamata a lalata shuka don hana cutar kamuwa da wasu albarkatu na gida.
Mafi tsufa shuka a duniya ba a banza ake kira "baƙin ƙarfe ba." Tare da unpretentiousness da rashin motsin rai a cikin barin, yana da wuya a iya kwatanta da kowane al'ada.
