Kwanan nan, yan lambu sun nuna sha'awar kayan amfanin gona masu girma da aka girma a gida. Masu ƙaunar suna shirye don yin alfahari da bishiyoyi masu 'ya'yan itace, saƙa na ado da kyawawan fure. Avocado a gida mai girma yana da fasali da yawa:
- tsayin itace ya kai 2.5-3 m (a cikin yanayin halitta, al'adar ta girma zuwa 20 m);
- al'ada tana tsaftace iska, asali da kambi mai kyau suna ba wa ɗakin yanayi mai daɗi;
- inji yana bada 'ya'ya wanda ba kasafai yake aiki ba, galibi yana aiki ne a matsayin kayan ado a wani gida ko ofishi.
Avocado a gida
Mahimmanci! Tare da kulawar da ta dace, 'ya'yan itaciyar sun yi girma a rayuwar shekaru 3-6 na itaciyar,' ya'yan itaciyar suna da matukar amfani, amma ku ɗanɗani ƙarancinsu ga takwarorin ƙasashe.
Ta yaya avocado ke girma a cikin yanayi
Wasu nau'ikan avocados suna da fasalin halayyar:
- Yammacin Indiya sun fifita yanayi mai zafi da laima na tsiro;
- Guatemalan jinsunan, suna da babban juriya ga raguwar yanayi a yanayin yanayi, suna da tushe sosai a kan tsaunin tuddai;
- Avocados na Mexico na iya tsayayya da daskararru na gajere (4-6 ° C), haɓaka da sauri, girman 'ya'yan itacen ƙanana ne.
A cikin yanayi, avocados sauƙin ɗauka a cikin yumbu, farar ƙasa, yankunan loamy. Babban yanayin shine kasancewar magudanar ruwa. Al'adar ba ta yarda da babban zafi ba, ta mutu a wuraren ambaliyar. Yakamata ruwan karkashin kasa yakai tsawon 9 m. Kasancewar abubuwan hakar ma'adinai a cikin ruwa yana matukar haifar da yawan amfanin gona. PH baya tasiri ga girman itacen.
Itace mai girma avocado a vivo
A rarraba yanki na avocados, a cewar nerds, ya samo asali ne daga tsoffin Helenawa. A karo na farko, kayan amfanin 'ya'yan itace sun zama sananne ga mutane a karni na 15. Ma'aikatan ruwa sun kwatanta avocados tare da gyada na peeled waɗanda manoma na Mexico suka shuka. Homelandasar ta biyu ita ce Isra'ila. Avocados sun girma a kudu maso yamma Asiya a cikin masse, mazauna karkara sun girbe don fitarwa. Matafiya sun kawo avocados zuwa Indonesia, sannan Brazil, 'yan karnoni kaɗan bayan haka - zuwa yankin Australia, na Afirka. Turawa sun sami sha'awar tsararren shuka a ƙarni na 19.
A Rasha, ya juya zuwa girma avocados a cikin ƙasa na Krasnodar. Yankin da ya fi dacewa don haɓakar 'ya'yan itace shine Abkhazia, inda' ya'yan itãcen marmari suka ƙunshi mafi yawan taro na mai. Don yanayin canjin yanayin zafi, ana amfani da nau'in al'adun Mexico Ana samun nau'ikan Yammaci na Indiya a Rasha a cikin ɗakunan katako na shekara mai zafi.
Abubuwan ado na kayan ado na avocados
Abu ne mai sauki ka bayar da kwalliyar ado - kawai ka girma 'yan avocado tsaba, lokaci-lokaci bracing da mai tushe a cikin pigtail. Wani fifiko shine gibin da ke tsakanin sassan, ya bar kwandon ya girma cikin lokaci.
Avocado inflorescences
Girma Avocados daga Kashi a Gida
Avocados al'ada ce mai tsayi na gidan Laurel. An sayi shuka don keɓaɓɓen saitin bitamin da microelements da ke ƙunshe cikin 'ya'yan itatuwa, itatuwan da suka girma suna cikin buƙatu a cikin ginin da sassan kayan gini, saboda ƙazamar ƙaƙƙarfan tsari na tsararru.
Ga kwalliyar zaitun mai lumfasa da fruitsa ean elongated a cikin nau'in pear, ellipse ko ball (dangane da iri-iri), ana kiran avocado ɗin "pear alligator." Ganyen kwasfa na duhu yana yin duhu lokacin cikakke, naman yana riƙe da sautunan zaitun. A tsakiyar 'ya'yan itace akwai babban zuriya wanda aka rufe da fata mai laushi mai laushi, ƙashin ƙashi yana kama da' ya'yan itacen ƙyallen ƙwaya.
Samun avocado a gida ba shi da wahala, lokacin cin 'ya'yan itaciyar cikakke, akwai tsaba waɗanda zasu ba ku damar shuka ɗan itacen' ya'yan itace mai ban sha'awa.
Kashi germination yanayi
Avocados sun fara girma a lokacin dumi. An sanya iko akan baturin ko a ɓangaren tsarin kwamfuta. Soilasa mai danshi da ɗumbin zafi suna ba da gudummawa ga saurin ƙwayar kashi. A aikace, daga cikin 10 na shuka, avocados 4 suna da isasshen wadatar mahimmanci don haɓaka aiki. Abinda ya dace shine zai iya dasa shuki da yawa a lokaci daya, kuma zai baka damar zafafa mafi karfi.
Matsaloli masu yuwuwar yanayin haɓakar al'adu da hanyoyin kawarwa
| Rashin rikicewar haɓaka | Magani |
| Bar bushe | Rashin danshi, ƙara yawan yin amfani da ruwa |
| Cikakken ganye | Babu isasshen haske, kuna buƙatar amfani da ƙarin kayan aiki don faɗaɗa hasken rana zuwa awanni 12-15 / rana |
| Itace ta sauke ganye | Zazzabi ya karu |
| Ganye mai hade | Akwai sanyi a cikin dakin |
A bayanin kula. Avocados galibi ana kai hari da sikelin kwari da ƙwayoyin gizo-gizo. Ayyukan kwari iri daya ne. Bayan shiga cikin ganyayyaki da gangar jikin, parasites suna haɓaka sosai kuma suna haifar da rawaya, zubar ganye. Itace wanda ya kamu da cutar ya mutu da sauri. Tare da bushe iska, kwari sun fi sauƙi ga asali. Lokacin hulɗa da su, ya kamata ka fara sanya iska ta farko. Maganin soap ya dace don lalata scabies, Vermitek da Aktofit zasu jimre da gizo-gizo gizo-gizo.
Avocado ya bar bushe saboda rashin danshi
Matakan da ƙwaya yake yi
An shuka ƙwayoyin avocados a gida a cikin hanyoyi biyu: a cikin ƙasa ko a ruwa, zaɓi na ƙarshen yana ba da damar yiwuwar amfani da zuriya da ƙwaya.
1 zaɓi
Placedashin da ba a kula da shi ba wanda ya dace da dasa an sanya shi a cikin ƙasa, yana barin na uku a saman. Endarshen ƙarshe mai haske yana kasancewa a cikin ƙasa. An sanya tukunya a ƙarƙashin tukunya kuma a sanya shi a yankin da aka kunna wuta. Sakamakon kore mai mahimmanci zai kare tsiron daga farawa da sanyi. Watering da tsaba ne da za'ayi mako-mako. Zai fi kyau amfani da gurɓataccen ruwa, zai fi dacewa da ɗan gishiri kaɗan. Bayan haka, ana sanya tukunya a wani yanki mai haske a cikin ɗakin, takin 1-2 sau ɗaya a wata tare da ƙara ma'adinai.
2 zaɓi
An sanya haƙoran haƙora uku a cikin ƙasusuwa marasa magani, an nutsar da su mm 3 mm, kuma a saka su cikin ruwa tare da ƙyalli. Lowerashin baya ya zauna cikin ruwa, wuraren ɗaukar fansa sun bushe. Lokacin da tsiron ya kai tsayin 3 cm, ana iya dasa al'adun a cikin ƙasa. Dutse wanda tushen sa yana sama da ƙasa a matakin kama da ruwa. Bayan kwanaki 10-14, itaciyar za ta yi girma zuwa 11 cm, za ta buƙaci ƙara yawan yankin abinci mai gina jiki. Ana buƙatar juyawa na biyu. A cikin kwata ɗaya, avocados na iya girma zuwa cm 50. A farkon shekarun tsufa, ana aiwatar da dasa bishiyoyi a shekara, daga baya - kowace shekara 3.
3 zaɓi
Dasa iri mai gurɓatacce ya yi daidai da koyarwar mataki-mataki-mataki don shuka iri da ba a zage shi ba; a matakin shirya iri, ana tsabtace da baƙar fata. Dasa kayan yana dasa cikin nutsuwa, zazzabi daki (23-25 ° C) ruwa, yana barin na ukun a saman. An ƙirƙiri goyon baya ga kasusuwa tare da haƙora na haƙoran haƙora, ba tare da soke shi ba daga ɓangarorin hudu. Ana canza ruwa a cikin gilashi yau da kullun. Bayan makonni biyu, ana lura da farawar tushen avocado. Kafin dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa, fure ya zama dole ya kai tsayin 15 cm, to dole ne a yanke rabin tushe kuma itacen ya sake girma zuwa 15 cm.
Kayan Fasaha na Avocado
Mahimmanci! Itace daga zuriyar zai bayyana bayan makonni 1-5, gwargwadon lokacin. A lokacin bazara, al'adu ke girma da sauri.
Yadda za a zabi 'ya'yan itacen da ake so a kuma raba kashi
Don tushen, 'ya'yan itacen cikakke daga kantin sayar da kusa sun dace. Zai dace don ƙayyade balagar tayin da inuwa daga kwalin kwasfa da yawan ƙwayar ɓangaren litattafan almara:
- Haske koren launi da tauri na avocado suna nuna buƙatar yin ripening a duk mako.
- Sautunan launin kore da nama mai wuya suna kwatanta 'ya'yan itacen, sun dace da yaduwa bayan fewan kwanaki.
- Elaƙwalwar duhu duhu kore tare da launin ruwan kasa launuka yana ƙayyade balaga daga 'ya'yan itacen, shirye su ci. Bayan danna kan kwasfa na 'ya'yan itace cikakke, ƙaramin alama ya ragu.
- Fruitan itace mai laushi da sako-sako, fulawa mai sauƙi, fata mai laushi alama ce ta avocado overripe, bai dace da dasa ba.
- Balaga kuma an ƙaddara shi da wuri a ƙarƙashin sandunan. Fruitapean itace hasa hasan itace na da launin toka mai launin ruwan hoda tare da launin ruwan kasa, ba fari - rawaya, overripe - sautunan launin ruwan kasa.
Yana da kyau a dasa manyan kasusuwa da karin kuzari don girma. An cire zuriyar daga tayi tare da wuka mai kaifi, yin sashin layi mai zurfi a gefen tayin, an hana shi yin yajin da wuka. Rabin da kashi ya haɗu da juna suna fuskantar juna. Shuka abu ya zauna a ɓangare na 'ya'yan itacen. Ryarke ƙashi tare da wuka ko cokali. Irin yana shirin girma.
Ana shirya wuri don avocado
Masu ilimin Botanists suna ba da shawarar fitar da bishiya a cikin wuraren da yake da rana, lokacin da rana take a ƙarshen karinta, amfanin gona ya kamata ya kasance a cikin inuwa m. Kamar yadda al'adar ta nuna, avocado tana girma sosai a gida akan windowsill, mafi kyawun zaɓi don itace shine gefen yamma na gidan.
Preparationasa shiri
An shirya cakuda ƙasa don dasa shi a gida ko saya kayan da aka shirya don tsire-tsire Citrus. Tushen ƙasa shine pre-calcined yashi, kwakwa, ƙasa daga gonar, humus, ash ko lemun tsami. Yataccen yumɓu ana yin lilin a gindin tankin tare da ramuka na magudanar ruwa, an zubar da cakuda ƙasa a saman.
Zaɓin tukunya
A karo na farko, za a buƙaci ƙaramin kwandon shara tare da tsayin 9 cm da diamita na 8 cm don ƙashi .. Zai fi kyau a ɗauki tukunyar filastik dauke da ramuka masu yawa. Jirgin yumɓu zai riƙe danshi wanda ba a son itace. Sanya tukunya a kan sandar sandar rigar.
Girma itace mai zafi akan windowsill
Yanayin Watering
Avocados da aka yi girma a cikin tukunya suna dafe da ruwa mai laushi mai laushi. Tsarin mulkin ruwa yana yankewa ne zuwa lokacin shekara. A cikin bazara, a lokacin rani ana buƙatar ƙarin danshi, ana yin ruwa kowace kwana 2-3. Blackening daga cikin ganyayyaki ya nuna waterlogging na kasar gona. A cikin hunturu, saman ƙasa dole ne lokacin da za a bushe. Thearamin zazzabi, ƙarancin amfanin gona ke shayar da shi.
Mahimmanci! Don sanin idan ana buƙatar shawo kan avocados, yatsan ya zurfafa cikin ƙasa zuwa kashi biyu. Lokacin da ya isa yankin rigar, ba a buƙatar ruwa.
Yanayin Zazzabi
Avocado wata al'ada ce mai zafi wacce ba ta tsayayya da gwamnatocin-zafin-zafi. Mafi ƙarancin alamar da aka yarda da ita shine + 12 ° C. Tsarin da ya fi dacewa don bunkasa aikin bishiyun an kiyaye shi da zazzabi na 16 ... 26 ° C.
Manyan miya
Avocados ana hadi cikin lokacin ciyayi, a cikin bazara da bazara, sau biyu a wata. Ana amfani da kayan abinci na gargajiya "Avocado" don miya.
Juyawa
Shawarwarin don samun nasarar nasara da kuma aikin kiyaye wata itaciyar itace:
- Tushen avocado yana da tsayi kuma mai iko, yana da siffar sanda, itace yana buƙatar amfani da tukunyar filawa, abu mai tsayi;
- Shayar da itace mai dasawa ya zama mai laushi;
- kiyaye al'ada a cikin inuwa shima bai cancanci hakan ba - avocado ɗin zai buƙaci haske mai yawa don ci gaban al'ada;
- Sau da yawa damuwa yana faruwa a bushe da yanayin zafi, yana da kyau a shirya dasawar mafita a rabin na biyu na Fabrairu ko Satumba.
Haske. Kar a canza tukunya lokacin dasawa tare da karuwa mai yawa - ƙananan Tushen ba zasu iya yin gundarin karuwar ƙamshin dunƙule ba, ƙasa zata fara tsami, mummunar cutar da lafiyar itacen. Diamita na sabon tukwane ya kamata 5 cm girma fiye da na baya.
Ciki sosai
Shekarun farko na rayuwa, al'ada suna girma tare da dunƙule ɗaya ɗaya maimakon sauri. Dole ne a samar da harbi ta hanyar pinching saman da kwarangwal kwarangwal, da ƙarfafa ci gaban harbe. An fara fitar da kwabe na farko a kan ganye 8th na itaciyar, a kaikaice matakai suna girma akan ganye 5.
Gudun ruwa
Lokacin da fure akan kambi na itace, an kafa inflorescences da yawa, magoya baya da yawa sun sami damar yin gasa tare da buroshi. Ana aiwatar da hanya da safe, da fitowar rana, a cikin yanayin girgije, ana buƙatar ƙarin haske.
Shin itacen yana girma daga 'ya'yan itace da dutse?
A ka'idodin, avocado daga zuriya yana ba da 'ya'ya a cikin shekara ta uku na rayuwa, amma yana buƙatar girma zuwa 1.5-2 m. Yana da kyau a dauki tsire zuwa ƙasar a lokacin bazara kuma a sanya shi ƙarƙashin rawanin itacen a wuri mai zafi. A cikin shekara ta uku ta rayuwa, rawaya kore-kore inflorescences zai bayyana. Yin saurin fruiting ta grafting. A lokaci guda, yakamata a samarda kusancin ɗaya ko biyu mai tushe. Halin zai samar da tsintsiya-bishiyoyi na bishiyoyi.
Bakin avocado na dutse zai zama kayan ado mai ban mamaki da ban mamaki na fure-fure; yayin da yake girma, zai nuna kwarewar Botanical ga baƙi a gida, da yawa za su so sha'awan wata bishiya mai ban sha'awa.
