Taba ita ce shuka mai yawa iri. Dukkansu sun bambanta da juna a launi, ƙanshi, ƙira, girma. Arean daji na yin girma saboda dalilai daban-daban. Misali, ana noman taba sigari a yawan masana'antu, kuma ana amfani da ganyen sa bushewa don samar da kayayyakin sigari. Furannin furannin sigari masu ƙanshi za su yi ado da wurin kuma su cika da ƙanshin mai daɗi. Abin da taba mai ado, kuma dalilin da yasa ake samunsa sau da yawa a kusan kowane yanki, za'a iya samun wannan labarin.
Asalin da kuma bayyanar da shuka
Tarihin asalin sigari ya fara ne da ɗayan balaguron jirgin mai binciken Christopher Columbus. A kan wuraren da ba a san shi ba wanda daga baya ya zama Amurka, shi da sahabbansa sun haɗu da wasu ativesan ƙasar. Sun fitar da hayaki mai duhu daga sanduna masu duhu a bakinsu. A farkon kallo, wannan ya zama kamar baƙon abu, amma tare da inhalation da kuzari mai kyau, irin wannan shan sigari yana haifar da yanayin kwanciyar hankali, annashuwa da ƙarfi a cikin jiki. Mutumin zai iya jin kamar a ƙarƙashin hypnosis.
Haɗa taba
Matafiya masu nishaɗi sun fara shan taba sigari, ko sigari, kamar yadda calledan gari ke kiransu. Daga baya, an gabatar da su a matsayin kyautai masu kyau na kotun masarauta, kuma mace ta farko da aka sani da shan sigari a Turai ita ce Sarauniyar Spain ta sunan Isabella.
Mutanen Sifen ne farkon waɗanda suka kirkiro tsiron taba, saboda haɓakar da suka samu suka zaɓi tsibirin Cuba da Haiti. Tun daga shekara ta 1540, ana yin safarar jigilar teku masu ƙanshi, ana sarrafa ganyen sigari zuwa ƙasashen Turai.
Ban sha'awa! Mafi mashahurin mai siyar da ƙwayar taba shine ɗan Faransa Joan Nicot, ya rarraba su cikin Faransa da Ingila. A cikin girmamawa ga sunansa, wannan shuka mai suna Nicotiana.
Rasha ta fara amfani da ganyen taba lokacin mulkin Ivan the mummunan. An yarda da shan sigari ne kawai ga mutanen da ke ɓangaren ƙabilar Rasha. Amma ba da daɗewa ba, bisa ga umarnin Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich, an haramta amfani da taba. Bayan haka, Tsar Peter I ne kawai ya yarda shan sigari.
Taba sigar shekara-shekara ce, a wasu lokatai, a shuka a cikin tsarin rayuwar dare. Girmarsa ya kai mita biyu a tsawon, cikin yanayi ya wanzu tun daga 6000 BC. An yi wa ado da manyan ganye da furanni masu ruwan hoda, ja ko fari a jikin mazalcin rami, tsawon biyar zuwa shida.
Homeasar shan taba
Taba taba asali ya girma a Peru da Bolivia, ya ƙare a Turai saboda godiya ga Christopher Columbus. A halin yanzu, an girma a cikin China, Arewacin Amurka, Asia Minarami, Indiya. Kasashen tsohuwar tarayyar Soviet, watau, Transcaucasia, Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, Moldova, Ukraine, Crimea da Territory Krasnodar ba su da banbanci.
Yadda taba ke tsiro
Sigari mai dadi shine tsirrai na thermophilic, wanda galibi ana shuka shi a cikin ƙasa a cikin nau'in seedlings. An shuka tsaba a ƙarshen Fabrairu ko farkon Maris.
Menene taba?
Wannan tsire-tsire na ornamental shine katako mai matsakaici tare da itace mai kauri da dorewa, an yi masa ado da manyan ganye tare da ƙarewar ɗan kadan. Tsawon tushen tsarin yawanci ba ya wuce mita biyu. Flowering yana tare da panicle inflorescences. 'Ya'yan itãcen taba bushes ne capsules iri da za su iya crack lokacin da cikakke.
Yadda Taba Tsira
Taba, wanda furanni taurari ne, yayi kyau sosai. Girman diamita na inflorescences bai wuce santimita biyar ba. A inflorescence yana da dogon bututu fure da furanni biyar na fari, ruwan hoda, rasberi, ja, Lilac, rawaya, launi burgundy.
Sigari mai dadi kawai yana fure a cikin haske mai kyau na sa'o'i goma sha huɗu a rana. Taba yana girma sosai akan baranda ko taga wanda rana tayi. Wannan tsiro zai sami isasshen hasken rana tsawon awo huɗu a kullun don fure.
Ban sha'awa! Furen yana da isa mai kamshi tare da kamshi mai daɗi, yana ƙaruwa da yamma. Pollination na inflorescences ne da za'ayi a cikin dare da dare moths.
Shahararrun nau'ikan sigari don girma a cikin lambu
Akwai nau'ikan tsire-tsire da dama waɗanda za a iya girma a shafin ko a gonar.
Taba Kaya
Wani lokaci ya kai 150 cm ba ga tsawo ba, yana da madaidaiciya mai tushe wanda aka yi wa ado da fararen-daskararren dusar ƙanƙara. Wurin haifan wannan nau'in taba shine Brazil. Kanta launinta daban-daban ana yin ado da ita sai kuma a sanya ta a bayan babban faren furen.
Haɗa taba
Sigarin Langsdorf
Itace na shekara-shekara, mai tsayi mita 1 zuwa 1.2, tare da launuka masu haske mai cike da furanni masu kama da kararrawa tare da kamshi mai daɗi. Brazil da Chile kasashe ne inda suke girma da kansu.
Hawan taba mai fama da sigari
Siga taba
Wannan itace shuka take, wani lokacin ana samun nau'ikan shekara-shekara. Yana da madaidaiciyar kara, kusan 60 ko 70 santimita a tsayinsa, kuma yana da girma, matsakaici a girma da ɗan ƙarami tsawo. 'Ya'yan itacen shuka suna da siffa iri biyu, kamar 7 zuwa 7.5 santimita na tsayi, suna haɗawa zuwa cikin tsintsiya madaidaiciya.
M, taba da wannan nau'in blooms da dare, amma iri da cewa Bloom a cikin rana da aka bredi artificially. Misali, Red Devil, Lemun tsami Green, Maraice Maraice, Farar Beder, Domino Samer-Pink, Krimson Rock.
Sandar Taba
Tsarin tsiro ne mai haɓaka tare da taba mai fuka-fuki da nau'in mantuwa na daji. Ya wanzu tun daga 1903, lokacin da masu shayarwa suka shayar da wannan nau'in. A buds suna da girma a cikin siffa kuma babu ƙanshi. Su inflorescences iya zama ja-Scarlet da dusar ƙanƙara fari.
Sandar taba mai sheki
Dokokin Kula da Tuba
Kula da nau'ikan wannan tsiro ya kusan iri ɗaya ne.
Tsarin taba mai daɗewa: ƙarancin kulawa
Abubuwan da aka shuka na wannan shuka an yi wa ado da manyan ganyayyaki waɗanda suke son ruwa mai yawa. Saboda haka, yana buƙatar mai kula da lambun a kai a kai.
Kyakkyawan sani! Idan sau da yawa kuna sakin ƙasa, taurari masu launuka masu haske da yawa za su yi fure a kan mai toka, kuma ƙanshin launuka zai faranta muku rai da daɗewar su da kyau.
Fure mai taba - bayanin shuka da dokoki don kulawa
Don samun ƙanƙanrun ƙwayoyi masu ƙanshi na bushes na taba, za a buƙaci hasken da ya dace da yanayin zazzabi, yana da mahimmanci don shayar da su kuma samar da ƙarin haske. Idan kun kula da tsirrai cikakke kuma a kai a kai, zaku iya girma da kyawawan tsire-tsire masu ƙoshin taba.
Yadda yakamata kula da shuki ya zama kamar haka:
- Yarda da yanayin zafin jiki na 22 ko 23 ° C sama da sifilin har sai tohon ya bayyana. Da zaran sun bayyana, dole ne a rage zafin jiki zuwa 18 ko 20 ° C sama da sifilin.
- Regular ruwa na tsaba. Dole ne a yi shi a hankali ta amfani da kwanon rufi ko bindiga mai ratsa jiki tare da ƙara matsin lamba.
- A kori iska mai ƙwaya-sanyi da safe da maraice. Hakanan wajibi ne don buɗe seedlings, idan basu kasance a cikin greenhouse ba, amma a ƙarƙashin fim ko murfi. Cire bude a kalla mintuna 20. Duk danshi yana saukar da fim ko murfin an cire shi kafin rufe amfanin gona.
Mahimmanci! Da zaran harbe-harbe na farko sun bayyana, ana ba da shawarar cewa kar ku sake rufe su da komai kuma motsa su zuwa gefen rana: kudu ko kudu maso yamma.
Yawancin lambu da suka cancanta suna ba da haske zuwa taba mai ado ta amfani da phytolamps ko fitilar LED. Ana sanya fitilu a nesa daga seedlingsan seedlings daidai yake da aƙalla biyar kuma basu wuce santimita goma ba. Idan shuka ba shi da isasshen haske, tushe zai shimfiɗa mai yawa.
Siga mai dadi: yanayin girma
Taba taba yawanci girma daga tsaba. Wannan aiki ne na daukar lokaci, amma sakamakon da yakamata zaiyi.
Toan Haushi: Tsarin iri
Shuka tsaba taba ne da za'ayi a cikin wani musamman tattalin ƙasa da peat, humus da lambun gona, da rabo daga wanda shine: 1: 1: 1. Shuka yakamata ya kasance cikin akwati mara zurfi. Kafin sanya tsaba a cikin ƙasa, ana bada shawara a riƙe su a cikin zane mai ɗorawa, sump na kwanaki da yawa, amma ba tare da jiran haɓakar su ba.
Girman tsaba ƙanana kaɗan, sabili da haka, lokacin dasa shuki, dole ne a rarraba su a hankali cikin ƙasa. Sa'an nan kuma, an girbe amfanin gona tare da mai girbi. Na gaba, kwantena tare da tsaba an rufe shi da fim ko gilashi. Bayan haka, dole ne a adana su a cikin zazzabi aƙalla 20 ba fiye da 22 ° C.
Mahimmanci! Bayan kimanin makonni biyu, sprouts ya kamata ya bayyana cewa ci gaba da girma da kyau a kan wata lit taga sill ba tare da bude tsari.
Yaushe shuka annuals akan seedlings
Abubuwan da aka shuka a cikin shekara mai ƙanshi na tabawa an fi shuka su a cikin ƙasa buɗe a cikin nau'i na seedlings, saboda wannan shine tsire-tsire na thermophilic. Yawanci, ana shuka tsaba taba a ƙarshen Fabrairu ko farkon Maris.
Kulawar seedling
Ya kamata a yaɗa ƙwayar 'ya'yan itacen da ruwa, sannan a rufe shi da gilashi ko kayan fim. Cire amfanin gona da shawarar a cikin dumi, amma ba wurin zafi ba. Ana sanya tsaba masu zube a kan windowsill, inda isasshen hasken rana yake.
Kulawar seedling
Seedlings ya kamata a tsare a tsare matsakaici, kuma lokaci-lokaci loosening kasar gona surface, kawai a hankali. Da zaran tsaba sun bayyana fararen ganye biyu na gaske, ana shuka su cikin kwantena na mutum.
Yaushe da kuma yadda za a shuka m taba a cikin ƙasa bude
Don dasa shuki na mutum mai kyan mutum mai ƙanshi a cikin sararin sama, ya kamata ya yanke shawara a fili lokacin da ya fi dacewa yin wannan. Kyakkyawan yanayin ƙasa ne mai isasshen mai zafi. Da farko dai, kuna buƙatar yanke shawara lokacin dasa shuki mai ƙanshi. Za'a iya dasa shuki na kyawawan tsire-tsire a cikin ƙasa mai buɗewa, idan har ƙasa ta sami damar yin dumin lafiya. Lokacin da aka ba da shawarar don saukowa shine Mayu.
Mahimmanci! Zai fi kyau shuka seedlings a nesa na kusan santimita 20-30 tsakanin bushes don tabbatar da cikakkiyar ci gaba.
Yanayin Watering
Wani mahimmin abu don ci gaban taba bushes shine watering na yau da kullum. Wannan shuka ana amfani dashi don yayi girma a wurare da babban zafi. A lokacin zafi da lokacin bushewa, kuna buƙatar shayar da shi kowace rana.
Manyan miya
Tuba mai laushi baya buƙatar miya babba, ana iya samarwa sau biyu kawai a cikin kakar guda. A karo na farko da suke ciyar da lokacin da aka kafa buds, da kuma sake - kafin su fara Bloom. Kamar yadda takin zamani yake, ana bada shawarar amfani da phosphate. Babban abun ciki na nitrogen a cikin takin yana shafar haɓakar ɗan itacen, amma ba zai yi fure sosai ba.
Siffofin kulawa a lokacin furanni
Furen sigari na kayan ado ba koyaushe yana kama da haske da launuka masu yawa. Ana samun wasu lokuta na nau'ikan fure-fure. Basu haifar da mummunar tasiri ba game da samuwar sabbin bayanai. Ba za a iya cire su ba idan kawai kuna kula da ingancin fure. Daga gefen kayan ado, ba shakka, tsire-tsire mai fure ba tare da wilted petals zai yi kyau sosai ba, sabili da haka, a wannan yanayin, yana da kyau a rabu da bushe bushe, musamman tunda suna sauƙin cire su daga tushe.
Haya mai fitsari
Yawancin nau'ikan tsire-tsire na sigari na ado suna farawa, suna farawa a watan Yuni kuma sun ƙare a watan Satumba. Don tsayar da lokacin fure, galibi ya zama dole a yanke bushewar fure fure. Kuma kowane grower yana so ya more a blooming haske daji muddin zai yiwu, kafin farko na hunturu sanyi.
Siffofin kulawa a hutawa
Yana yiwuwa a sami isasshen ingancin bushes na shan taba sigari idan kun cire inflorescences a farkon farawar su, watse kibiyoyi na fure. Wannan hanyar tana ba da gudummawa ga aiki na matakai wanda ba sa buƙatar cirewa.
Shirye-shiryen hunturu
Don tsawaita rayuwar dabbar lambun, za a buƙaci waɗannan ayyuka:
- A karshen watan karshe na kaka, a hankali tono sama bushes.
- Canza tsire-tsire cikin tukwane masu dacewa kuma sanya su a kan windowsill-da-lit.
- Tare bangarorin kore tare da daji, barin kusan kashi saba'in na tsawon.
- Ruwa furanni, daidai da matsayin ƙurar ƙasa.
- A cikin kwanakin farko na bazara, dasa bishiyoyin taba sigari zuwa cikin kasa mai budewa.
Zai yiwu a hana mutuwar wata itaciya da kuka fi so idan kun shuka ta cikin tukunya a gida. A wannan yanayin, yana da hutawa, kuma bayan farawa da sabuwar shekara fara fure.
A sakamakon haka, za a iya yin tsiro iri iri na taba sigari da yawa shekaru da yawa. Ana buƙatar mai lambu kawai don cire furanni bushe, kiyaye shuka na ado.
Yana da mahimmanci a sani! A lokacin da m taba ciyar da hunturu a gida, ya kamata Bloom yawa a baya, Ba kamar sauran bushes samu daga seedlings. Fulawan furanni suna buƙatar yin la'akari da wannan sabon abu yayin yin shirye-shiryen fure.
Wataƙila kwari da cututtuka lokacin kula da ƙanshin sigari
Bushesanyen sigari suna da tsayayya sosai ga cututtuka daban-daban da kwari masu cutarwa. Sun ƙunshi phytoncides da yawa waɗanda zasu iya koran kwari da yawa.
Thearfin iko na sigari mai ƙanshi shine kariya daga tsirrai daga ƙwayoyin cutarwa waɗanda ke girma kusa da ita. Misali, yan lambu da yawa a cikin lambunan su suna shuka shi da niyya, domin hana bayyanar irin dankalin turawa.
Sigari mai zaki yana buƙatar ingantaccen iri da kulawa. Kyakkyawan shuka zai iya kawo motsin farin ciki ga masu noman fure na dogon lokaci. Ganyen Tuba na iya zama koren tsawon lokaci a lokacin bazara da kaka, har sai sun fara daskarewa. Furanninta furanni kuma zasu sami launuka masu launuka masu haske na dogon lokaci.
