Itace mai ban sha'awa - koleriya, ta zauna a kusan kowane gida. Na fada cikin ƙauna tare da masu girbi na fure saboda kamanninsu na ban mamaki da ƙyalli a cikin kulawa.
Game da tarihin bayyanar
Duk da gaskiyar cewa koleriya tayi girma a cikin yanayi na dabi'a a kan yankin Amurka, duk da haka yawancin nau'ikan nau'ikansu da ire-irensu sun bazu daga Switzerland. Sunan fure na waje na fure (kaleria) ana kiranta da sunan Michel Kohler, masanin kimiyya daga Zurich wanda ya rayu a karni na 19.
Wasu daga nau'in halittun da suka sami shahara an kawo su nahiyar daga Mexico. Varietiesan asalin Turai da ke haifar da wadatattun abubuwa waɗanda yanzu ake shuka su a ko'ina. Ofaya daga cikin waɗannan nau'ikan shine layin Flashdance, waɗanda shayarwa na Sweden suka lalata a shekara ta 2001.
Koleria
Yaushe kuma yadda yake habaka
Kyawawan furanni masu kyau da tsumman tsire-tsire suna farantawa kowane mai shi tare da dogon fure. Siffar sabon abu ta budurwa tana kama kallon.
Irin furanni
Wani bututun ƙarfe mai elongated wanda aka lashe tare da 5 petals. Tunatar da kararrawa.
Da amfani! Plantsungiyar matasa a farkon farkon jefa fure ɗaya daga cikin shinge, a cikin shekaru masu zuwa - daga 5 zuwa 8 buds.
Furewa
Siffar fure
Furannin furanni masu launuka ne, dan kadan elongated. A cikin wasu nau'ikan da nau'ikan, toho na iya kasancewa da elongated fiye da wasu.
Furen fure
Lokacin tashi
A launi blooms daga ƙarshen Mayu zuwa farkon Satumba, wasu nau'ikan da nau'ikan iya Bloom har tsakiyar Oktoba. Tare da kyakkyawar kulawa da isasshen haske, lokacin furanni na iya zama daga watanni 10 zuwa 12.
Yawancin nau'ikan da iri
Plantaukar tsire-tsire masu ganye tare da ganyayyaki da keɓewa da furanni masu kararrawa suna cikin gidan Gesneria. Ana daukar Amurka ta zama wurin haihuwar wannan fure mai sabon abu, watau ɓangarorinta na wurare masu zafi.
Da amfani! Ganyayyaki masu matsakaici, daga 12 zuwa 16 cm tsayi kuma 8-10 cm fadi, suna da dumbin abinci a duk faranti. Dangane da jinsunan, suna iya samun launuka iri-iri: daga duhu mai duhu zuwa koren zaitun tare da jijiyoyi da villi daban-daban cikin sautin. Wasu nau'ikan matasan da aka guntata shekaru da yawa da suka gabata na iya samun sautunan azurfa da tagulla.
Mashahurin wakilai:
1 Coleria na Bogota. Dankin ya sami damar girma har zuwa 60 cm tsayi. Ya fi so ya yi girma a kan ƙasa na kusa da wanda ke daji, ko tare da ɗambin pebbles a cikin tukunya. Tsawon takardar ya zama matsakaici - har zuwa cm 10. Farantin yana da sautin kore mai cikakken launi, gefenta tare da ƙananan ƙyalli. Furanni masu launin shuɗi masu launin shuɗi tare da dige masu haske.
- Gidan mallaka Fluffy-flowered (shi kuma ana kiranta pubescent-flowered) ya zama ya sami nasarar yawancin kauna, ba wai kawai saboda canza launi bane, har ma da yadudduka, wanda ya hada da ganye ba kawai, harma da furanni kansu. Ganyen suna kanana, tsawo 7 cm. Su masu kore ne tare da iyaka a kusa da gefen. Furanni suna yin kama da karrarawa, suna da ruwan lemo ko lemo mai zurfi. A ciki, suna launin rawaya da dige masu haske.
- Coleria Linden. Shrubaramin ɗan itace, har zuwa cm 30. Matakai a madaidaiciya kuma ba a jingina su ba. Ana rufe saman da kananan gashin gashi fararen fata. Farantin ganye yana ƙarami, ɗan ƙarami. Ganyen yana fentin launin kore, sun fi haske sama da ƙasa. Furanni a saman suna lilac, a ciki suna launin rawaya mai launin shuɗi.
- Coleria amabilis. Ganyen yana da kyau a kamannin, tsawon cm 10. Faranti sun gama zama kore, suna da launuka masu launin shuɗi ko azir. Budswayoyin a cikin nau'ikan shambura suna da ja tare da ɗigon ruwan duhu mai ruwan hoda a saman da walƙiya mai haske a ciki.
- Coleria bibbi. Furen ya bambanta da sauran membobin dangi ta hanyar toho mai tsayi a cikin nau'i na bututu. A waje, launin yana ja, kuma a ciki akwai koren shuɗi. A saman fure akwai ƙananan villi na launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi. Saboda launin fure, ana kiranta jan ja. Ganyen ganye yana kore mai launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi.
- Gashin tsuntsu na Koleria. Kyakkyawan fure tare da ganyen lu'ulu'u na azurfa. Flowersanan furanni furanni ne masu ruwan shuɗi ko ruwan shuɗi, suna da shuɗar tsumma da ƙananan dige ja.
- Coleria ampallang (ampalling). Yawancin furanni tare da manyan furanni na sautunan ruwan hoda mai laushi a saman, ciki - haske tare da ɗigon burgundy. Ganyen suna kanana, masu dauke da jijiyoyi masu haske.
- Coleria Lucky Lucifer. Iri-iri tare da manyan furanni. Fale-falen suna da launin ruwan hoda mai ruwan hoda a waje, a cikin su fari, fararen fata iri ɗaya da falmaran ruwan hoda. Ya danganta da wutar, ƙila su zama masu launin shuɗi. Ganyayyaki suna matsakaici a girma, kore a sautin, suna da ɗan nuna kaɗan da ƙananan denticles.
Koleriya Lucky Lucifer
- Coleria Manchu. Kyakkyawan daji na fure tare da ruwan hoda-orange ruwan furanni. A cikin wuya akwai launin ruwan hoda mai ruwan hoda mai ruwan hoda. Zai iya yin fure a duk tsawon shekara.
- Coleria Rongo. M budada tare da burgundy fantsama. Vesarshen sautunan zaitun tare da jijiyoyin haske.
- Coleria Sunshine. Yana da ruwan hoda mai launin shuɗi tare da furanni na sautin duhu. A kusa da furanni suna burgundy dige. A ganye ne cikakken kore.
- Coleria Birka. Orange-ja buds a waje, ciki - fari cikin jan launi. Ganyen suna da haske kore, suna da launuka masu haske.
Daban-daban launuka
Kulawar Gida
Kula da fure kohleria abu ne mai sauki, domin ba a sani ba ga yanayin girma. Don shuka don farantawa tare da fure mai tsayi, wajibi ne don yin la'akari da wasu abubuwan kulawa.
Zazzabi
A lokacin rani, don kayan haɗin gwiwa, yawan zafin jiki mafi girma shine digiri 25, a cikin hunturu - daga 13 zuwa 16. A cikin yanayin zafi, ya zama dole don sanya iska a inda wurin yake, zaku iya sake shirya shi daga taga.
Haske
Koleria ya gwammace yayi girma akan gabas ko yamma taga. Abinda ya dace don fure shine yadudduka hasken rana. Idan shuka yana akan taga na kudu, dole ne a girgiza shi don kada koran wuta ya karɓi ƙonewa.
Watse
Yana da kyawawa don shayar da fure tare da ruwan sama. Yin amfani da ruwan famfo, ya kamata ka ba shi lokacin tsayawa (kimanin kwanaki 3-4). A lokacin bazara, ya kamata a aiwatar da ruwa kowace rana, a cikin hunturu lokacin ƙarancin su yana rage zuwa sau 1 ko 2 a mako.
Fesa
Ba shi yiwuwa a fesa tsire-tsire, saboda wannan zai lalata kamanninsu, kuma yana iya haifar da wasu cututtuka.
Haushi
A shuka fi son iska tare da kadan zafi. A cikin hunturu, yana jure yanayin zafi a cikin iska sosai, amma aƙalla sau 2 a wata ya zama dole don moisturize shi. Don yin wannan, zuba ruwa a cikin kwanon rufi, an zuba lãka da aka shimfiɗa, an saka tukunyar filawa a saman.
Kasar
An yi musanyawar shuka don tushen ƙasa peat (2 sassan), humus ganye (ɓangaren 1), turf (1 sashi) da yashi (1 sashi) an ƙara dashi. Ana amfani da pebbles da yumɓu mai yumbu kamar magudanar ruwa.
Manyan miya
Ya kamata ku ciyar da canza launin kowane wata tare da takaddun takaddun ƙwayoyi tare da microelements. Za'a iya siyan mahaɗan da aka yi shirye a shagon tsire-tsire na fure.
A cikin hunturu (a hutawa)
Kamar sauran tsire-tsire, wannan fure yana buƙatar hutawa. Kuna iya ƙayyade lokacin hutawa ta hanyar ɗaukar ƙananan ɓangarorin ganye: suna fara bushewa kuma suna faɗuwa. Kafin aikawa don hutawa a shuka, ya zama dole don cire duk sassan bushe, har da buds. Tukunyar fure tana motsawa zuwa ɗakin sanyi inda aka kiyaye zafin jiki daga digiri 13 zuwa 16. Top miya yayin wannan lokacin ba a za'ayi ba, an rage ruwa zuwa mafi ƙarancin - aƙalla 1 lokaci na mako ɗaya, ko ma ƙasa, dangane da saurin bushewa na ciki.
Ta yaya koleriya ke kiwo
Sami sabon bushes na fure da kuka fi so ta hanyoyi da yawa. Raba tushen daga cikin sassan da yawa shine hanya mafi amfani ga kolerii. Kulawa da haifuwa a gida hanya ce mai sauki, yakamata ku bi wasu ka'idodi.
Kiwo
Rhizome rabo
Ana ɗaukar tarin ƙwayar cuta da yanke tare da wuƙa cikin sassan 2-4 (ya danganta da girman rhizome). Kowane yanki an sanya shi a cikin akwati daban tare da keɓaɓɓun. Bayan dasa, ana shayar da rhizomes har sai sabon harbe ya bayyana.
Apical stalks-cuttings
An yanke mafita daga mahaifiyar shuka kuma sanya shi a cikin akwati na ruwa. A cikin mako guda ko biyu, tushen farko zai bayyana. Wajibi ne a jira har sai an samar da lafiyayyen kashin baya, bayan wannan za'a iya dasa shi a cikin tukunya.
Ganya rooting
Ana yin haifuwa ta ganye kamar yadda ake ɗauka mai tushe. An yanke ganye tare da dunƙule. Sannan ana sanya ganyen ganye a cikin kwandon ruwa har samuwar Tushen.
Noma
Ana shuka tsaba a cikin bazara (ƙarshen Maris ko farkon Afrilu) a cikin gurbin peat da yashi. Farfajiyar ruwan cakuda ya dafe. Bayan wannan, an rufe akwati da gilashi ko fim. An sanya shi a cikin ɗakin dumi har sai farkon harbe ya bayyana.
Sauya bayan siye da kan aiwatar da haihuwa
Bayan sayan, kuna buƙatar canza substrate da tukunya. Kafin dasawa, duk buds da kasan ganyayyaki dole a cire su. Zai fi kyau aiwatar da sayan a cikin bazara na shekara, to, inji ya amsa mafi kyau ga dasawa, musamman tunda da sannu ya kamata ya bar lokacin sanyi.
Koleria dasawa
Matsaloli masu yuwuwar gaske a cikin kayan haɗin gwiwa
Rashin kulawa mai kyau na iya haifar da matsaloli tare da haɓaka. Idan kun amsa lokacin da alamu na fure, za'a iya mayar dashi.
Kula da tsarin launi
Matsalar ganye
Itace na iya fuskantar mutuwa da lalata ganyayyaki. Wannan na iya zama sakamakon sakamako na halitta wanda ke faruwa a farkon lokacin damuwa ko lokacin da aka sabunta shuka.
Hakanan zaka iya lura da canji a cikin launi na farantin takardar da bushewa lokacin da kulawar da ba ta dace ba:
- Rubutun
- Fesawa akan ganye ko ganye,
- Wuce haddi ko takin.
Yawancin cututtuka
Ganyen ganye ko launin rawaya suna nuna cewa furen bai isa haske ba. Hakanan, a cikin hasken mara kyau, inji yana iya shimfiɗa sosai.
A cikin iska mai bushe sosai, ana iya lura da ganyen ganye. Don shuka don murmurewa, kuma sababbin ganye suka bayyana, ya zama dole don sanyaya iska, fesa ɗakin daga nesa daga shuka.
Shawara! Tushen ko tushe mai yiyuwa na iya nuna cewa lokaci ya yi da za a canza abin da ya canza. Dole ne a bincika shuka ta hanyar cire wuraren da suka lalace, sannan a watsa shi cikin sabon tukunya, a canza canjin.
Kurakurai cikin kulawa
Kalaria furen fure ne, kulawar gida abu ne mai sauki, amma ayyuka marasa kyau na iya haifar da mutuwar shuka. Wasu yan lambu, sakaci da lafiyar tsirrai, suna zuba ruwan sanyi a kansu. Wannan yana haifar da duhu daga ganyayyaki da harbe, idan furen fure shima cikin daftarin aiki, mutuwarsa ba makawa.
Coleria bazai yi fure ba bayan tsawon lokaci, ko kuma ƙwayayen bazai yi fure da faɗuwa ba. Wannan matsalar ta samo asali ne daga zaɓin takin da ba a zaɓa ba, ko kuma an gabatar dashi cikin adadi mai yawa. Babban doka a reno yayin ciyar shine "mafi kyau ga underfeed fiye da overfeed".
Coleria Jester
Akwai kyawawan launuka iri-iri da kyawawan launuka iri iri waɗanda lambu suka ƙaunace ta. Daga cikin su akwai Ja (tare da ja mai ja), Brimstone (tare da furanni masu ras-rasberi), Jester (kozheriya na Dzhester tare da rasberi-rasberi). Ta hanyar zaɓi ɗaya ko mafi yawa daga cikinsu, zaku iya ƙirƙirar karamin lambun hunturu daidai a cikin ɗakin. Nan da nan ya yi farin ciki tare da kyakkyawan fure na koleriya, barin gida zai taimaka wajen fadada shi tsawon watanni.
