Tsarin tsiro mai tsire-tsire mai tsire-tsire mai tsire-tsire mai tsire-tsire tare da furanni masu launuka masu launuka da launuka masu kama da harshen wuta, ana kiransa crocomia, ko montbrecia. Waɗannan sunaye daban-daban ne guda biyu don shuka ɗaya, kuma a cikin mutane ana kiranta daɗin Jafananci.
Asalin da kuma bayyanar da shuka
Montbrecia ya bayyana godiya ne ga aikin mai shayarwar Faransawa V. Lemoine. A shekara ta 1880, ya tsallake rijiyoyin Pots da zinare, wanda hakan ya haifar da kyakkyawan tsarin lambun. A cikin Latin, an kira furen.
Sama da karni ɗaya, ana amfani da shuka sosai a cikin kayan furanni na ado. Ana amfani dashi don ƙirƙirar keɓaɓɓen wuri mai faɗi, yin kwalliyar filaye da baranda. Iyalin Iris, wanda damin kishiyarta take, ya shahara sosai tare da masu kwarewar lambu da kuma novice.
Fitowar montbrecia
Ciki a cikin tsayi ya kai daga 40 cm zuwa 1 m. Ganyayyaki suna da bakin ciki da tsayi, tsarin tsagewa, an shirya shi cikin kananan bunches. Irin nau'in inflorescences na Spike suna kusa da saman tushe. A kan tushe guda, akwai matsakaitan kimanin furanni 40 waɗanda ke fara buɗewa daga ƙananan inflorescences.
Don bayani! Ya danganta da tsarin fure fure, adon furannin ya sha bamban. Yana daga launin rawaya zuwa launin ja mai haske. Hakanan ana samun furanni masu ruwan shuɗi. Lokacin da aka buɗe, furanni a diamita ya kai 5 cm, kuma siffar su tayi kama da lilin.
Bayanin dangin Iris
Iyalin Iris suna da kusan 1800 nau'in tsire-tsire mallakar 75-80 genera. Ana ganin yawancin wakilan da aka fi sani da suna Juno, Irises, Herododictiums, gladioluses, Acidanters da Crocosmia. Wakilan dangi suna girma a kusan a duk duniya. Zai yi wuya a sami lambunan Botanical ba tare da waɗannan tsire-tsire ba, waɗanda ke haɗa kawai perennials herbaceous.
Ana rarrabe wakilan Iris ta ganyayyaki na yau da kullun tare da tsari mai jere biyu da xiphoid, sikila ko kintinkiri. An tattara furanni a cikin panicle da inflorescences tsere. Tsarkakewa yafi yawa saboda kwari, amma akwai nau'in tsuntsayen da ke kwararar su.
Kula! Shahararrun mutane da kuma bukatar furanni na wannan dangi suna bayani ne ta hanyar ado da kyawun fuska. Bugu da kari, rhizomes na wasu nau'ikan suna da kaddarorin magani, kuma alkaloids masu mahimmanci suna cikin kasatikovy mai mahimmanci.
Ciki a cikin lambu
Ciwan zuciya
Don ƙirar lambun fure-rani-kaka, fure mai ban sha'awa, mai haske tare da sabon abu sunan Crocosmia perennial cikakke ne. Its lush mai haske orange inflorescences suna yadda ya kamata hade tare da kunkuntar mai haske kore foliage. Ba a bambanta furanni kawai ta hanyar bayyanawa, har ma da dogon fure, wanda yakan kasance har faɗuwar.
A lokacin furanni, fure yakan fitar da ƙanshin mai daɗin kamshi mai kama da ƙifar Saffron. Har ma ya ci gaba bayan ya bushe shuka.
Amma game da yaduwar fure na Crocosmia, ana yin ta ne ta hanyar ciyayi ko hanyoyin tsirrai. Don samun shuka ta hanyar bazara, ya zama dole ne a shuka shuki a gaba. Saboda haka, mafi dacewa shine haifuwa ta hanyar rarraba corms.
Tsawon lokacin furanni na ɓacin rai yana ɗauka daga Yuli zuwa Satumba, wasu nau'ikan sun yi fure har sanyi na farko.
Kula! Furen ba ya jin tsoron zafi mai zafi, amma yana da matukar bukatar haske. Tare da rashin haske, shuka yana shimfidawa kuma bazai yi fure ba kwata-kwata.
Shahararrun nau'ikan cututtukan zuciya na haɓaka a cikin lambun
Cutar ƙwanƙwasa ƙwararriyar shuka ce, don haka an fi sonta daga dukkanin experiencedan lambu da gogaggen shiga. Tare da taimakon wannan fure, ana ƙirƙirar ɗayan fure mai fure tare da yin ado da lambun.
Kula! A halin yanzu, akwai nau'ikan wakilai sama da 50 na wakilan kyankyasai, amma galibi ne kawai ake horar da 11, waɗanda suka bambanta da wasu halaye.
- Lukaifa. Itace na iya kaiwa tsawon tsayi na cm 150. Peduncles suna madaidaiciya, furanni masu arziki ja ko launuka na pastel. An bambanta nau'ikan da juriya na sanyi mai ƙarfi, sabili da haka, kullun Lucifer mafi yawa ana girma a cikin arewacin arewacin Rasha. A lokaci guda, a cikin yankuna ba tare da ruwan sanyi sosai ba, masu lambu suna barin tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire don hunturu a cikin ƙasa.
- Cutar Kwalera Daya daga cikin nau'ikan da aka fi sani. Tsawon daji ya kai santimita 150. Furanni masu launin ruwan kasa-kasa-kasa, ganyen wani kunkuntar sifa cike yake da kore. Lokacin fure yana cikin watan Yuni.
- Zinare An bambanta wannan nau'in ta hanyar ƙananan inflorescences na zinariya, orange ko ja launi da ganye mai layi. A shuka blooms a watan Satumba.
- Potsa. Dankin yana fitowa tare da kunkuntar ganye na fure da kananan furanni. Furen fure na wannan nau'in yana tsiro da kyau a wurare masu duhu da wuraren lalatattu.
- Emily Mackenzie Shuke-shuke da wannan nau'in sun yi girman a girmansu, tsayin su bai wuce mita 0.6 ba mai tushe mai tushe mai cike da launuka masu launin ruwan-haske.
Lukaifa
- Sarauniyar Tangerine. Dajin ya kai tsayi har zuwa mita 1.2. Furannin suna cike da launin ruwan lemo.
- George Davidson. Asan ya girma zuwa tsawan 0.7 m. Ganye masu duhu ne, furanni masu launin shuɗi. Flow ya fara a Yuli. Wannan kallon cikakke ne don yankan.
- Mackenzie Daya daga cikin wakilan da ba a cika jin nauyin halitta ba. Dankin yana girma har zuwa cm 60 a tsayi.Ya rarrabe shi da ƙwaya mai ruwan-orange tare da ƙarshen ƙusoshin.
- Tauraruwar Gabas. Cutar ƙwarya tana haɓaka har zuwa mita 1. Ya bambanta da ƙarfi mai ƙarfi da ganyen kore. Furanni a cikin diamita suna girma har zuwa inuwa apricot 10 cm. Ana daukar wannan nau'in ɗaya daga cikin fure mafi tsayi.
- Sarki sarki. Siffofin halayyar wannan fure cikakke ne na ƙoshin lemo tare da fitila a tsakiya. Yana girma cikin tsayi kusan 80 cm.
- Massonorum. Dankin ya shahara sosai saboda zafin furen orange da kuma ganyen xiphoid na kore. Yankin daji ya kai tsayi har zuwa cm 60. Lokacin fure yana faruwa a cikin Yuli. Dankin yana da juriya mai sanyi.
Ciwon zuciya Massonorum
Yanayin girma
Lokacin da ake girma fure mai fure, dasawa da kulawa a cikin ƙasa buɗe da tsaba ba sa haifar da matsaloli na musamman, tunda babu buƙatar yin amfani da kayan aiki da kayan aiki na musamman. Don shuka yayi girma da haɓakawa koyaushe, ya isa ya samar dashi yanayi na al'ada.
Noma
An ba da shawarar yin amfani da ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayar cuta, ko montbrecia, ta hanyar seedlings a cikin tsakiyar latitude, saboda idan kun shuka tsaba a cikin ƙasa mai buɗewa, za su iya ba ƙarancin seedlings ko ba su tashi ba kwata-kwata.
Mafi kyawun lokacin don shuka iri don shuka shine Fabrairu-Maris. Don shuka, wajibi ne don shirya akwati mara nauyi. An shimfiɗa rufin magudanar a ƙasa, sannan kuma tanki ya cika da ƙasa tare da humus da yashi mai yashi.
Kula! Tsaba suna pre-soaked na rana a cikin ruwa tare da haɓaka mai ƙarfi, sannan a bushe. Bayan haka, an rarraba su saman farfajiyar ƙasa, an rufe su da fim kuma a sanya su a wuri mai haske.
Bayan yin shuka, kuna buƙatar kulawa da fure a kullun, cire tsari daga amfanin gona domin a wadatar da su. Watering ne da za'ayi kamar yadda ya cancanta. Bayan kowace ruwa, ana bada shawara don sassaƙa ƙasa.
Mahimmanci! An hana shi sosai don overmoisten substrate. Yakamata ya kasance cikin yanayin ɗan daɗaɗa.
Da zaran harbe fara fara bayyana, ana iya cire fim din.
Da zaran ganye na hakika na gaske 2-3 suka bayyana a kan shukokin, 'ya'yan' ya'yan itatuwan za su nutse cikin tukwane kuma za su ci gaba da bunkasa a cikinsu kafin a dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa. Bayan 'yan makonni kafin wannan, ya kasance mai zafi, yana ɗaukar shi zuwa titi.
Da zaran da barazanar da sanyi wuce, da kasar gona sama sama, seedlings za a iya dasa a baya shirya da hadu bude ƙasa. Bayan dasa, ya kamata a shayar da furanni da takin mai magani ta hanyar tsari.
Yaushe da kuma yadda ake shuka tsutsa cikin ƙasa
Gardenerswararrun lambu ba su bayar da shawarar dasa shukakkun ɓarna a cikin ƙasa buɗe ba, tunda wannan hanyar dasa shukar tana haifar da tsirai da ƙananan ƙwayoyi. Amma, duk da wannan, waɗanda ke zaune a yankuna na kudu suna yin wannan hanyar.
Kwararan fitila na Cika
Zai fi kyau pre-germinate wuri. Tun da yake fure yana da zafi, yana da kyau a shuka shi lokacin da ƙasa tayi zafi sama da 10 ° C kuma barazanar sanyi take wucewa. Don haka, lokacin dasa shuki ya bambanta da yanayin. A matsakaici, ana aiwatar da amfanin gona a ƙarshen Afrilu - farkon Mayu.
Wurin dasa shuki yakamata ya haskaka sosai, kuma inuwa bai kamata ya faɗi akan tsiron ba. Hakanan akan rukunin yanar gizon kada ya zama zayyana. An shirya furannin furanni, an haƙa ƙasa, takan gabatar da takin zamani a ciki. Sannan an yi gurnani marasa zurfi, waɗanda ake shayarwa kafin shuka. Bayan haka, an rarraba tsaba kuma an yayyafa shi da ƙasa, kuma an rufe shi da fim ko fiber mara nauyi.
Mahimmanci! Da zaran an kafa ganyayyaki 4-5 a kan tsire-tsire, an watsa su zuwa wuri mai ɗorewa.
Siffofin Kulawa
A duk tsawon rayuwar mutum, yana buƙatar samar da fure tare da tushen tushen matsakaici. Ya isa ya shayar da fure sau 1-2 a mako. Idan ruwan sama ta hanyar tsari, to, ruwa ya tsaya.
Manyan miya
Idan an hadu da ƙasa yadda yakamata kafin dasa shuki, to babu buƙatar maɗaurin kai riguna. Idan ba haka ba, dole ne a yiwa takin mai magani tsari, a kowace kwana 10. A lokacin bud'ewa, don tayar da fure, ana buƙatar suturar miya don saturate shuka tare da potassium. Idan an yi komai daidai, to lalle fure zai gode wa mai shi tare da bayyananniyar sifa da ƙamshi mai daɗi.
Shirye-shiryen hunturu
A cikin yankuna inda iska zazzabi ta sauka ƙasa da −20 ° C, bisa ga bayanin janar ɗin, dole ne a cire kwararan fitilar daga ƙasa. Ana yin wannan a farkon farkon Oktoba. Bayan yin tono, an bushe su kuma a sanya su a cikin wuri mai sanyi, mai iska tare da yawan zafin jiki na kimanin 10 ° C.
Mahimmanci! A cikin yankuna masu dumin dumi, ba za a iya dasa kwararan fitila sama ba. Ya isa a cika shi da dunƙulen mulching kuma a rufe shi da fim ɗin manne a saman.
Kwari mai yiwuwa da cututtuka
Lokacin girma crocomia akan nau'ikan ƙasa mai narkewa, shuka zai iya fama da cututtukan fungal. Bugu da kari, furannin Fusarium da jaundice zasu iya shafa su. Amma ga kwari, thrips da beyar na iya lalata shuka. Fungicides zai taimaka wa cututtuka, da kuma kwari - kwari.
Kyau na fure
Yankakken cinye yalwa zai zama abin ado mai ban sha'awa ga gadajen bazara da kaka na kaka. Wadannan tsire-tsire masu ban mamaki na dangin Iris za su yi kama da kyau a cikin duka biyu da kuma gaba ɗaya. Haka kuma, kan aiwatar da kula da su, ba kwa buƙatar yin wani abu na allahntaka. Tsarin nasara shine samar da matsakaiciyar shayarwa da kuma takin zamani.
