Menene abubuwan dusar ƙanƙara?

Dusar ƙanƙara mai saurin lalacewa ta bayyana a cikin gandun daji na bazara kuma a cikin lambuna tare da narkewar dusar ƙanƙara, akan faci mai ƙyalli. Wannan alama ce ta zahiri na kusancin zafi, alama ta farko ta farkawar yanayi. Akwai yawancin nau'ikan dusar ƙanƙara mai dusar ƙanƙara tare da tabarau mai laushi na petals. Lambu na iya zaɓar zaɓi da ya dace don kiwo a shafin kuma don adon furannin, lambun gaba.

Menene yanayin dusar ƙanƙara?

Kusar dusar ƙanƙara ta ja hankalinsu ta hanyar rashin tsaro, ƙanshinta, taushi, wanda abin mamaki da haɗe tare da ikon rayuwa cikin sanyi. Farkon ɓoyayyen kwararan fitila suna bayyana ne a cikin Maris-Afrilu, kamar yadda ɗumi, kararrawa-lanƙwasa ke haɓaka, kamar dai an tanƙwara ƙasa a kan shinge mai kauri.

Snowdrops a cikin gandun bazara

Mafi kyawun farin dusar ƙanƙara, wanda za'a iya samu a cikin gandun daji da yankuna masu tsaunuka na Tsakiyar Turai, a tsakiyar Rasha, Caucasus, a cikin Bosphorus. Dandalin dusar ƙanƙara an jera shi a cikin littafin Red kamar yadda shuka ke cikin haɗari; an haramta girbi a cikin gandun daji saboda barazanar rage lambobi.

Peduncles - biyu masu duhu masu duhu suna barin ganye har zuwa cm 10 .. isan kare yana kiyaye shi ta hanyar karye biyu na rabi. A kowane kibiya - fure guda tare da fure shida. Uku na ciki ana rarrabe su da fiɗayen kore, nau'in conical, a kewayen - manyan litattafan dabbobi guda uku. Haɗin wannan haɗin yana ba da shuka ainihin alheri.

Furen dusar ƙanƙara na tsiro ne na magani, amma ya kamata a yi amfani da waɗannan furanni a hankali saboda babban abun da ke tattare da alkaloids da guba, waɗanda zasu iya haifar da guba. Sai kawai a cikin karamin sashi za'a iya amfani da tsirin shuka a shirye-shirye da yawa.

Uno mai dusar ƙanƙara

Furen dusar kankara: bayanin nau'in

Abin da launi na dusar ƙanƙara - ya dogara da nau'ikan da yanayin girma.

Ga wasu daga cikinsu:

• Alpine dusar kankara (Galanthus alpinus, Galanthus schaoricus). Girma tsakanin bishiyoyi da kuma wuraren bude wurare a cikin ƙananan dutsen da kuma yanki na tsakiya a Tsakiyar da Kudancin Turai, Ciscaucasia. Wannan shine mafi mashahuri iri-iri a cikin aikin lambu na zamani. Blooms a farkon bazara, halin launin shuɗi da duhu kore ganye;
• Dusar dusar kankara (Galanthus caucasicus). Yana girma a cikin tsaunukan Tsakiyar Transcaucasia, a wajen ƙasan Tbilisi da kuma yankin Stavropol. Flat fari na nau'in layi tare da launin shuɗi mai tsayi har zuwa cm 30. Fitsari yana ɗaukar makonni biyu a farkon Afrilu;
• Karewar dusar kankara Bortkevich (Galanthus bortkewitschianus). Yana fure a farkon rabin bazara a cikin gandun beech, a kan humus, a Kogin Kamenka na sama, a Arewacin Caucasus. Petals suna lanceolate, mai kamannin siffa ko tsallake, almara da duhu kore;
• Cilician na dusar ƙanƙara (Galanthus cilicicus = Galanthus rizehensis). Yana fure a ƙarshen hunturu a gefuna, a cikin bushes kuma a cikin ƙafafun Cilicia, Trabzon, Batumi, Asia orarami. Ganyayyaki kore mai duhu, fararen fata tare da ɗakin kore;
• dusar kankara Elveza (Galanthus elwesii). An rarraba shi galibi a kudu maso gabashin Turai, a tsibirin Aegean, a cikin Asiya ,arama, Moldova, kudancin Ukraine. Yana da sunan mai tattara Elvez. Tsarin ya bambanta da tsayi - ya kai 25 cm, girman sifar - suna da girma, mai sihiri kuma mai kamshi sosai. Hurawa tayi har zuwa makwanni 4; a jimilla, ana samun nau'ikan tsiro 15 zuwa gonakin Turawa;

Snowdrop ya fito a cikin lambun.

• Faɗaɗɗen dusar kankara (Galanthus plicatus). An samo shi a gefuna kuma a tsakanin bishiyoyin Romania da Moldova, Crimea, fure a farkon bazara. Furanni suna da girma, an sunkuya ƙasa, tare da ƙanshin ƙarfi. Nuna tun daga 1592, akwai sama da siffofin 10;
• sararin samaniya (Galanthus platyphyllus, Galanthus latifolius). Rarraba a cikin yankin subalpine da yankin tsintsiya, a cikin gorges da kan gangara na Caucasus Range. Stalauren fure ya kai tsawo na 22 cm. Mafi yawan kayan ado a cikin aikin lambu;
• Icarius dusar ƙanƙara (Galanthus ikariae). Yana girma a cikin tsibiran Girka - Skyros, Andros, Ikaria, a cikin gandun daji da kan iyakar yashi da m. Ya kai tsawo na cm 21. Furen furanni tare da tabon kore ya sauka zuwa rabin ganye;
• dusar ƙanƙara fari (Galanthus nivalis). An samo shi a Tsakiya da Kudancin Turai, Ciscaucasia a cikin yanki na yankin mai tsayi a gefuna da bushes. Fulawa daga ƙarshen Maris na iya wuce kwanaki 30. Noma tun 1500. Yawan nau'ikan da nau'ikan sun kai 50. Peduncles tare da ganye 12 suna fari da girma, tare da launin rawaya.

Shahararrun nau'ikan

Mafi mashahuri nau'in snowdrops da furanni sun fi shahara tare da lambu:

• Arnott - ya bambanta ta gajeren faren ganyayyaki a waje;
• Lutescens yana da matukar farin jini, mai taushi da damuwa da yanayi;
• Charlock - a kan shinge akwai dogon reshe, furanni kansu kanana;
• sauran shahararrun nau'in nau'in terry: Lady Elpinston, Ophelia, Pusi Green Type.

Siffofin kula da dusar ƙanƙara a cikin lambu

Don dusar kankara, ana taka muhimmiyar rawa ta:

• ruwa. Dole ne a jika ƙasa matattara saboda ƙurawar ƙura a Tushen ba ta bushewa ba, amma a lokaci guda galanthus baya son ruwa mai tsayayye, a cikin wannan yana kama da tulips. Zai fi kyau kada a shuka shi a ƙananan rami, inda tara ruwa, wanda ƙasa ba ta da lokacin sha;
• fesa ruwa. Ana yin sa ne kawai a yanayin bushe;
• gumi. Wajibi ne a tabbatar da tsayayye, amma ba mai wuce gona da iri ba, ruwa kada ya yi tururi;
• ƙasa. Shouldasa ya kamata ta kasance mai daɗaɗa bayan dasawa, kwance. Idan abun da ke ciki yumɓu ne sosai, to yana da kyau a ƙara yashi da kwayoyin halitta;
• saman miya. A kan aiwatar da haɓaka mai aiki, ana bada shawara ga takin tsire-tsire tare da gaurayawan ƙwayoyin potash da phosphate. Potassium na taimakawa ga samuwar ingantattun kwararan fitila da furanni. Bai kamata a ɗauki cakuda sinadarin Nitrogen ba, tunda nitrogen yana ninka adadin ganyen da suka lalace daga danshi.

Siffofin kulawa na hunturu, lokacin hutawa

Hunturu lokacin hutu ne mai bayyanawa na kwararan fitila: a cikin hyacinths, tulips, wanda aka yiwa distillation a watan Fabrairu-Maris. Talakawa snowdrops, da Elves iri-iri suna da kyau amenable to distillation - An bambanta su da manyan furanni. An tono bulbuna a watan Yuni, dasa a cikin kwantena tare da kwance ƙasa a cikin ɗaki tare da zazzabi har zuwa digiri 15 har zuwa farkon Oktoba. Rike faɗuwar cikin wuri mai sanyi. Za ku iya tono a cikin tukwane a cikin lambu, amma rufe tare da farko na sanyi.

Yaushe kuma yadda yake habaka

Farin dusar ƙanƙara fari ya tashi a lokacin dumama, amma kafin yanayin bushewa mai dorewa.

Game da dusar kankara zamu iya cewa:

• nau'ikan furanni suna cikin nau'i na weji, lancet, zagaye, m, elliptical;
• siffofin - terry, santsi, curly da ganye;
• lokacin furanni - daga ƙarshen Maris zuwa ƙarshen watan Afrilu.

Canje-canje a cikin kulawa a lokacin furanni ya ƙunshi adadin takin ne kawai - lokacin haɓaka mai aiki yana buƙatar miya babba.

Yawon fitila

Snowdrop shine irin shuka iri-iri. Ana yin dasa shukar kwan fitila a farkon bazara ko a ƙarshen Yuli da Agusta, lokacin da kwararan fitila 3-4 suka girma. Lokacin da kake siyan kwararan fitila, ya kamata ka kula da yanayin tushen da girman girman amfanin gona - yakamata ya zama babba, kuma tushen kada ya bushe sosai. Daidai ne, kwan fitila ya kamata ya sami yara waɗanda ke taimakawa dasa furanni ko a cikin tukwane. Dole ne a dasa kayan da aka saya nan da nan ko a adana su a cikin rigar abun da ke ciki.

Tsarin shuka

Snowdrop ana bred ta hanyar shuka iri da yaduwa tare da kwararan fitila.

Siffofin shuka tsaba:

• Yakamata a kula da iri iri kai tsaye bayan tarin, in ba haka ba zasu rasa germination;
• ana aiwatar da shirin ƙasa ne ta hanyar buɗe ido, magudanar ruwa da wadatar ruwa tare da abubuwa;
• saukowa a cikin ƙasa a sarari ana yin shi a zurfin 1-2 cm;
• ci gaba da rayuwar shuka shine misalin kwanaki 20-30 bayan fitar farko.

Hakikanin dusar ƙanƙara a cikin gandun daji na girma daga kwararan fitila, amma ana iya rayuwa a cikin ƙasa mai laima kuma ƙwayoyin kwari zasu ɗauke su.

Snowdrops girma daga tubers

Raba da nests

Hakanan zaka iya raba tsiran bulbous cikin gida kuma dasa shi cikin ƙasa mai wadata. Irin wannan ma'aunin yana tasiri idan kwan fitila ya girma tare da diya girma. A cikin kasuwa zaku iya samun kwararan fitila matasa tare da damar haɓaka mai kyau.

A cikin lokacin bazara, an kafa rukuni na kwararan fitila na 7-9, wanda za'a iya raba shi kuma ya bar zuwa hunturu don kakar mai zuwa.

Matsaloli masu yuwuwar girma cikin dusar kankara

Gabaɗaya, dusar ƙanƙara ta ba da kansu kuma suna tsara matakin dasa. Idan kwan fitila ya yi zurfi sosai, yana haɓaka ƙarin kwararan fitila kuma yana ci gaba da haɓaka na al'ada.

Abin da matsaloli na iya zama tare da dusar kankara:

• cututtuka. Kamar kowane tsirrai, dusar ƙanƙara zata iya kamuwa da ƙwayar cuta ko naman gwari. Alamu: inzali, inuwa mai ganye, ganye mai launin toka, dige baƙi, aibobi. Mafi yawan rashin lafiya a cikin damp kuma a cikin rashin sanyi a cikin hunturu. Don magani, kuna buƙatar kula da tsiron tare da fungicides;
• kwari kusan basa taɓa waɗannan furanni, saboda a cikin heyday babu kusan kwari. A lokacin bazara, tsutsotsi da larvae na iya shafar yanayin kwararan fitila; don rigakafin, ya cancanci jan ƙasa;
• chlorosis na iya farawa lokacin da babu isasshen abubuwa a cikin ƙasa, magudanan ruwa mara kyau da kuma rashin saka miya mai kyau, don haka yana da ƙwarin yin rigakafin.

Dandalin dusar ƙanƙara tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire masu "wayo": su da kansu suna tsara zurfin dasa, saboda idan dasa ya yi zurfi sosai, ana samar da sabon kwan fitila a ƙasan mafi girma, bayan da ci gaban al'ada ya ci gaba. Ba da kyakkyawa da daraja ita ce fa'idar wannan tsiro na zamani, wanda yake cikin hanzari ya zube daga karkashin dusar ƙanƙara tare da farawar farkon abubuwan thaws.