Daga cikin furanni waɗanda ba sa buƙatar kulawa ta musamman, amma a lokaci guda sun sami damar yin ado daidai gonar ko ɗakin rani, Peas mai daɗi ba su da nisa. Wannan inji unpreentious shuka ne halin dogon fure, haka ma, yana da matukar m amma m ƙanshi, da kuma yawan nau'ikan bred a yau zai gamsar da mafi yawan bukatar grower.
Pea mai dadi: bayyanar da tarihin abin da ya faru
Lathyrus Odoratus nasa ne ga asalin darajar manyan legan wasan legume. Wannan ciyawar hawan ciyawa ce tare da ƙarami, amma kyawawan furanni masu dumbin yawa da aka tattara a cikin goga, wanda a cikin nau'ikan masu noman furanni idan aka kwatanta da karamin kwafin orchid. Za a iya bambanta launin furanni: daga launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi zuwa shuɗi mai zurfi da violet kuma daga fari da launin shuɗi zuwa ja da burgundy.
Peas mai daɗi na iya yin ado da kowane yanki
Don bayani! A halin yanzu, nau'ikan launuka biyu masu kyau shima ana bred, wanda ke kara zama karuwa sosai.
Peas ne perennials, kodayake a wasu yanayi yanayin yanayin wannan fure mai kamshi yana girma kamar shekara shekara. Bugu da kari, godiya ga aikin mai shayarwa na shayarwa, iri-iri masu yawa na shekara sun bayyana, wanda tsarin launi daban-daban ke wakilta.
Peas mai kamshi ya fara farawa a ƙarshen Yuni - farkon Yuli, amma tsawon lokacin da yake daure ya dogara da yadda za'a kula dashi. Idan ka bi wasu ka'idodi masu sauki, tsirrai za suyi murna da furanni da yawa har sai sanyi.
A halin yanzu nau'ikan fis biyu masu launi
Pea stalks (darajoji) suna yayyafa, hadaddun pinnate ganye masu launin kore. A ƙarshen ganye suna antennae, godiya ga wanda shuka zai iya ja da baya, yana jingina wani tallafi. Tsawon wannan tsire-tsire mai ƙanshi ya dogara da wane nau'in ne, kuma yana iya bambanta daga 15-20 cm zuwa 2-2.5 m. 'Ya'yan itãcen matsayi sune matsakaici, ba wake mai tsayi tare da yawancin tsaba.
An yi imani da cewa wurin haihuwar Peas mai dadi shine Sicily. Daga can ne aka fara gabatar da shi Indiya, sannan kawai sai ga Turai. A yau, an fi daɗaɗa peasar kayan ado kamar yadda ake yin lambun lambu a Ingila, inda har an ƙirƙiri duk al'ummomin masoyanta. Peasnial Peas sun zama wata alama ce ta ƙirar lambu a nan.
Mahimmanci! 'Ya'yan pea mai daɗi ne masu dafi, saboda haka ya fi kyau ka nisantar da su daga yara da dabbobi.
Iri iri da yawa
Perennial iri da darajõji ba musamman bambancin launi: more sau da yawa yana da shunayya ko ruwan hoda haske. Irin wannan Peas na iya girma har zuwa 2 m, yayin da suke jingina da eriyarsu ga duk abubuwan da aka same su a hanyar ta. Wadannan nau'ikan ya kamata a ɗaure su, kamar yadda zazzage mai tushe na iya tsokanar lalacewar su da kuma ci gaba da cututtuka daban-daban.
Peas na shekara kawai kawai ya cika da launuka iri-iri da inuwa, haka ma, ya fi ƙanshi.
Dukkanin irin Peas yawanci ana kasu kashi biyu ne:
- Spencer Iri daban-daban suna da tsayi da mai tushe da kuma farfajiya, saman gefunan ganyayyaki sune wavy;
- Kazberston. Furen yana da tsawo, yana da furanni da yawa, don haka tsire-tsire na wannan rukunin suna da kyau a cikin yanke kawai;
- Sarauniya. Varietiesanannun furanni na farko suna cikin wannan rukunin, wanda manyan furanni tare da manyan fentin fentin ko dai a cikin wuta, mai taushi, ko kuma, yana magana, mafi yawan launuka, tabarau;
- Bijoux. Waɗannan tsararru ne (kusan 25-30 cm) tsirrai masu girma da haske masu inganci. Fulawa mai yawa ne;
- Pink Cupid. A nau'ikan wannan rukuni, sifar halayen gama gari ita ce cewa a cikin ɗakin farfajiyar na ciki, gefen ya zama banɗaki. Tsire-tsire suna da ƙasa (har zuwa 30 cm);
- Fantasy An nuna wannan rukuni ta hanyar haɓaka mai ban sha'awa (ba fiye da 20 cm ba), saboda abin da ake amfani da shi azaman ƙasa kuma matsayin kan iyaka.
Amfani da darajoji a cikin zanen fili
Saboda iyawarsa na yin fure da fure na wani lokaci mai tsawo, mafi yawan lokuta ana amfani da shi ne na aikin lambu na tsaye. Mafi kyawun wurare don saukowa sune:
- ganuwar da ke buƙatar a ba da ƙarin hoto mai kyau;
- shinge da shinge wanda aka canza launin Peas zai zama rayuwa;
- kewaye da arbor, wanda yake shi kyawawa ne don inuwa;
- tallafi (grids, grids), wanda ke ba da damar samun bangon kore koren fure.
Varietiesarancin growingaramar da suka yi daidai suna dacewa da shimfidar wuri yayin dasa shuki tare da rabe, a kan gadaje na fure, da cikin tsiro guda ɗaya don yankan suna da kyau.
Mass plantings na Peas na launuka daban-daban kama musamman bayyane
Siffofin dasawa da kulawa
A namo da daraja faruwa ko dai a cikin seedling, ko ta shuka tsaba kai tsaye a cikin ƙasa bude. Bugu da ƙari, ana iya shuka su a cikin bazara da kaka, tun da tsaba suna da sanyi-sanyi da hunturu da kyau a cikin ƙasa, fara girma da farkon zafi.
Kula! Shuka a cikin ƙasa ya sa ya yiwu a sami tsire-tsire masu ƙarfi kuma mafi mai dorewa, wanda aka taurare a cikin yanayin yanayi, wanda zai fi ƙarfin jurewa da dasawa. Su ne mafi tsayayya ga yuwuwar zafin jiki na bazara. Ana bambanta irin tsire-tsire ta hanyar yawan furanni a duk tsawon lokacin.
A lokaci guda, seedlings zasu ba da zarafi don samun farkon fure. Matsalar wannan hanyar girma gyada ita ce tushenta, wanda ke mayar da martani mara kyau ga masu sauya sheka, ya fi son kada a dame shi. A wannan batun, zai fi kyau shuka tsaba a kai tsaye a cikin kwantena daban wanda ke rage rauni yayin haɗuwa da tsire-tsire na gaba.
Kofuna na Peat sun fi kyau. A wannan yanayin, saukowa a cikin ƙasa ba shi da jin daɗi. Idan aka yi amfani da kofin filastik, to, tsire-tsire daga gare shi yayin dasawa ana sanya su cikin hankali a cikin ramuka masu ma'amala kai tsaye tare da dunƙule na ƙasa.
Dasa shuka
Seedlings galibi ana shuka su ne a farkon bazara. Da farko, ana bincika tsaba a hankali don lalace ko mara lafiya, waɗanda aka cire. Sannan yakamata a dasa tsaba a cikin ruwan gishiri. Wadanda suka bayyana a farfajiya su ma sun fi kyau a cire, tunda yiwuwar za su tashi ya yi kankanta.
Pea tsaba an fi shuka su a kwantena daban
Pea tsaba germinate wajen talauci, don haka yana da kyau a shirya su don dasa: jiƙa na rana ɗaya ko dai a cikin ruwan dumi ko a cikin ruwa tare da ƙari na toho. Bayan wannan, ya fi kyau sanya tsaba a cikin m sawdust, yashi ko cheesecloth na kwanaki da yawa, amma koyaushe a zazzabi na akalla 20 ° C. A wannan lokacin, da tsaba ya kamata kyankyasar kwan, kuma suna nan da nan dasa a cikin substrate. Dole ne a dasa tsaba 2-3 a cikin kowane akwati, haka ma, bai kamata a binne su a cikin ƙasa ba fiye da milimita biyu.
Abun da ya kamata ya canza ya hada da peat, turf da humus, kuma nan da nan kafin dasa shuki an jika shi sosai. Kwantena masu dauke da kwayoyi an lullube su da fim kuma a sanya su a cikin wurin mai dumu da dumin wuta.
Mahimmanci! Kafin yin amfani da shi, yayyafa abin da keɓaɓɓen tare da mafita mai ƙarfi na potassiumgangan.
Kulawar seedling
Kimanin makonni 1-2 bayan shuka, 'ya'yan fari na farko zasu fara bayyana. A wannan lokacin, suna buƙatar buɗe su kuma canja shi zuwa ɗakin mai sanyaya. Kada ka manta don adana substrate m. A wannan lokacin, matasa masu tasowa musamman suna buƙatar kyakkyawan haske, don haka idan hasken rana bai isa ba, kuna buƙatar amfani da ƙarin hanyoyin.
Don matakan tafiyar matakai na gero da kyau a kan tsire-tsire, lambu masu gogewa sun bada shawarar pinching seedlings da zaran ganyen ganye biyu 2-3 suka bayyana a kai. Bayan wannan hanyar, yana da kyau a ciyar da tumatir (yawanci ana shawarar maganin Kemira). Hakanan yana da kyau sosai daga wannan lokacin don fara ɗaukar seedlings, a hankali har zuwa ɗan lokaci don buɗewar iska.
Dasa shuka a cikin ƙasa mara buɗe
Aƙalla a tsakiyar - ƙarshen Mayu, lokacin da ƙasa ta yi zafi sosai kuma barazanar dusar ƙanƙara ta ɓace, ana dasa shukar a cikin ƙasa buɗe. Idan ta wannan lokacin buds sun fara a kan sprouts, ya kamata a cire su, tun da shuka in ba haka ba zai iya samar da karfi tushen tsarin.
Bayanin manyan matakan kulawa
Lokacin zabar wani wuri zuwa ƙasa, ya kamata ka yi la’akari da wasu daga cikin abubuwa:
- yakamata a haskaka wurin da kyau kuma a sanyaya, amma bai kamata ya kasance a cikin takaddar ba, tunda peas ɗin da ba su da kyau basa son wannan;
- kasancewar ko yiwuwar sanya tallafi nan da nan ya kamata a duba, idan muna magana ne game da nau'ikan tsayi;
- kasar gona akan shafin ya kamata a shirya (ya kamata a haƙa har takin da takin mai magani), sako-sako da wadataccen abinci, bai kamata ya ƙunshi yumɓu ba.
A kowane rami da aka shirya, ana shuka tsire-tsire 2-3, yayin da nisa tsakanin ramuka ana yin aƙalla 25-30 cm.
Kafin dasa shuki a cikin buɗaɗɗen ƙasa, ya fi kyau cire cire buds
Watering da shuka shuke-shuke ya kamata yalwatacce. Itace yana buƙatar danshi, saboda haka yakamata ƙasa ta kasance da laushi, in ba haka ba fure mai fashewa zai fara faɗi.
Kula! Fasa taki ne da za'ayi domin ya sami yawan fure a kan bushes. Lokacin ciyarwa, yana da mahimmanci a tuna cewa ba a buƙatar peas nitrogen. A farkon girma, ya fi kyau amfani da urea da nitrophos, kuma a lokacin furanni, takin zamani na tsire-tsire fure (alal misali, Ross ko Agricola).
Peas zai jefa furannin su na dan wani lokaci, idan baku bari ya canza zuwa asalin halitta ba. Abin da ya sa ya zama dole don cire inflorescences fadada lokacin.
A cikin shirye-shiryen hunturu, perennial irin Peas ana yanke su ne kawai zuwa tushe kuma, tare da manufar dumama idan akwai wani yanayi mai tsananin zafi, yafa masa sawdust. Wannan zai isa haka domin sai a shekara mai zuwa ya sake gamsu da yadda yake fure.
Pea mai dadi a baranda
Ampel da maki aji sune babbar hanyar da za a yi wa baranda kwalliya. Haka kuma, har ma wani mai bayar da kayan lambu na novice zai iya yin amfani da wannan hanyar yin girma, kuma ba wai kawai malamin wannan al'amari ba.
A halin yanzu, babban adadin nau'ikan Peas na launuka daban-daban
Dasa tsaba don shuka ko kuma nan da nan cikin tukwane a kan baranda bai bambanta da dasa shuki irin Peas ba. Furanni suna buƙatar zafi, haske, da kuma shayarwa na yau da kullun.
Wani muhimmin mahimmanci yayin girma tsire-tsire matasa a kan baranda shine buƙatar kare su daga canje-canje kwatsam a zazzabi. Peas ba zai yi kasa a gwiwa ba don nuna rashin gamsuwarsu da faɗuwa da dukkan .an itacen. Bugu da ƙari, bai kamata ku kasance da himma a cikin yanayin zafi tare da hasken rana kai tsaye ba, kamar yadda ƙauna ta daraja ga kyakkyawan haske ba shi da iyaka, saboda haka ya fi kyau inuwa da tsirrai a cikin zafin rana.
Cutar mai yiwuwa da ikon su
Abin takaici, ƙoshin ƙanshi suna da haɗari ga wasu cututtuka, don haka lokacin da alamun farko suka bayyana, ya kamata a ɗauki matakan.
- Ascochitosis. A farfajiya na shuka, a sarari keɓaɓɓen launin ruwan kasa fara bayyana. Ya kamata a kula da daji sau da yawa tare da tazara na makonni 2-3 tare da maganin ƙaho.
- Moral na hoto. Wani abin kwaikwaya ya bayyana a saman ganyen, kuma saman duniyan yana juyawa ya kuma lalata. Wannan cuta ba ta warkarwa, don haka ake haƙa ciyawar a ƙone ta.
Lokacin da alamun farko na cutar suka bayyana, ya kamata a dauki matakan
- Tushen rot. Tushen wuya yana yin duhu kuma tsire-tsire ya mutu. Nan take aka cire bushes din da aka shafa, kuma an lalata kasar gona.
- Fusarium Ganyen furanni da abin ya shafa ya juye ya zama ja kuma yana bushewa. Wannan cutar ana ɗauka rashin lafiya, sabili da haka, ana cire samfuran marasa lafiya nan da nan, kuma ana kula da ƙasa da tsire-tsire na kusa don manufar rigakafin tare da taimakon maganin TMDT.
- Powdery mildew da peronosporosis (mily milyw). A farfajiya na ganyayyaki da mai tushe, bayyanar rufin farin ya bayyana. Idan ba a kula dashi ba, ganyen ya zama rawaya da crumble. Kulawar sulfuridal sulfur zai taimaka a yaki da cututtuka.
Dabarar don ingantaccen tsarin narkarda peas mai sauki ne: yakamata a kasance a kai a kai kuma ana shayar da ciyawa, ciyawa kuma a ciyar dashi. Kuma zai yi farin ciki da dogon furanni da ƙanshi mai daɗi a duk lokacin bazara.
