Jami'ar Rhododendron ta Helsinki ita ce mafi yawan nau'ikan sanyi wadanda zasu iya jure yanayin halittar gaba daya. Yana sauƙaƙe yana jure canje-canje na zazzabi da kwantar da hankali. Ji mai kyau da kuma fure dadi ko da bayan mafi m frosts. Amma a cikin saukowa da barin akwai wasu nuances waɗanda aka bayyana a ƙasa.
Tarihin faruwar lamarin
Tarihin iri-iri yana farawa a Jami'ar Helsinki, wanda a wancan lokacin ya yi aiki tare da Arboretum Mustila. Noma iri daban-daban ya wuce daga shekarar 1973 zuwa 2000. Wadancan samfuran ne kawai da ke cikin garin Arboretum na Helsinki kuma suka tsira daga tsananin sanyi daga 1930 zuwa 1973 suna da hannu a cikin kiwo.
Girman shaƙa
Da farko, an dauki tsire-tsire 53 na cikin gajeren rukunin rhododendron don kiwo; 48 matasan da 23 nau'ikan tsarkaka ne aka zaɓi don gudanar da pollin. Sakamakon haifuwa, an samo gwanaye dubu 22, waɗanda kawai aka zaɓi kwafin 14,000 don ƙarin shiga cikin shirin. Mai tsananin sanyi ba su iya rayuwa 5000 seedlings. Daga cikin waɗannan, mafi yawan tsire-tsire waɗanda aka sake zaba, waɗanda kawai 80 aka samo, to, an ƙaddamar da su daga yaduwar microchannel. A wancan lokacin, sabbin nau'ikan sanyi guda tara suka yi rijista.
Don bayani! An ba da iri-iri don girmamawa ga bikin tunawa da jami'ar Helsinki. A shekarar 1990, ya cika shekara 350. Daga wannan shekarar, daji ya fara yin amfani da karfi a matsayin kayan ado na ornamental don yin kwalliyar filayen lambun.
Bayani da halayyar mutum
Matsakaicin tsayi na shuka shine 2 m, a cikin shekaru 10 shuka ya tashi ta hanyar 1-1.5. Yana da kambi mai sihiri, matsakaicin matsakaici wanda shine 1-1.5 m. ganyen rhododendron kore ne mai duhu, yana da tsawo, yana kaiwa tsawon 15 cm a cikin kowane inflorescences is located a kan matsakaita 15 furanni. A buds masu ruwan hoda, masu leda shida, ciki suna da ja.
A karkashin yanayi na halitta, musamman, a kudu na Finland, fure mai kullun rhododendron yana tsakiyar tsakiyar watan Yuni, a yankuna na arewacin wannan lokacin zai fara daga baya. Ko bayan wahala lokacin sanyi, rhododendron na Helsinki zai sake yin farin jini.
Kula! Furen yana iya girma a kusan dukkanin yankuna, saboda matsakaicin zafin jiki wanda zai iya rayuwa shine −39 ° С.
Kayan magani
Jami'ar Rhododendron na Helsinki ba kawai zai iya yin kwalliyar yanki ba, har ma zai ceci masu daga cutar.
Warkewa Properties na shuka:
- kwayoyin cuta;
- majalissar malamai;
- nutsuwa;
- antipyretic;
- painkiller.
Yadda za a yi fure
Haɗin ganyen ya haɗa da mai mai, tannins, ascorbic acid, rutin, arbutin, andromedotoxin, ericoline, velatile, etc.
Tea da aka yi daga furanni zai taimaka tare da sanyi, cututtuka na hanji, kurolithiasis, da kuma yaƙi da staphylococci da asma.
Tincture na ganye da furanni ana iya shafawa tare da neuralgia, osteochondrosis, polyarthritis, sciatica, wanda aka yi amfani da shi don douching tare da lalacewar mahaifa.
Mahimmanci! Ruwan Rhododendron shima yana dauke da abubuwa masu guba, saboda haka yana contraindicated ga mata masu juna biyu da masu lactating, mutane tare da koda.
Aikace-aikacen lambun
A Filin Gida na Jami'ar Helsinki, ana amfani da rhododendron don yin ado da hanyoyi masu tsayi da nunin faifai. Ana iya haɗe shi da kowane tsire-tsire na ornamental, yayi kyau da juniper da arborvitae.
Yana girma mafi kyau a cikin inuwa fiye da rana. Irƙirar abun da ke ciki, dole ne a ɗauka a zuciya cewa kambi na daji duhu kore.
A ƙirar ƙasa
Rhododendron Kulawa da Girma
Shuka da kulawa da Jami'ar Helsinki Rhododendron ta fara ne da zabar wuri mai kyau. Mustasar dole ne ta kasance mai acidic - pH daga 4.5 zuwa 6.5. M dace, danshi mai tsayayya da ƙasa. A cikin yanayi mai zafi, rhododendron na Helsinki yana buƙatar buƙatar ruwa akai-akai, tunda tushen sa na sama ne. Mulching zai taimaka wajen saukaka aikin share ƙasa. Don kada Tushen su tsoma baki tare da ci gaban juna, an bada shawarar a dasa bushes a nesa na 1.5 m daga juna.
Itace fure
Kawai matasa bushes na Jami'ar rhododendron bukatar pruning. A cikin shekarar farko ta rayuwa, an yanke duk ganye da rassan lalacewa daga shuka. Wajibi ne cewa abubuwan gina jiki sun fi karkatar da hankali ga ci gaban tushen sa.
Mai jan tsami
Nan gaba, za'a iya fitar da furanni da kuma datake furanni. Yawancin suna da tsari daidai kuma baya buƙatar ƙirar sa. Don sake juya daji, kawai cire tsohuwar, harbe ya bushe. An ba shi damar cirewa ba fiye da 25% na jimlar daji ba. Wuraren yankan rassan ana sarrafa su ta hanyar lambun var.
Ba kwa buƙatar jira har sai shuka da kanta tayi watsi da wilted inflorescences, yana da kyau a yanke su kai tsaye. Wannan zai taimaka ajiye makamashi akan fure a shekara mai zuwa.
Kula! Jami'ar Helsinki ta matasan rhododendron tayi fure bayan shekara daya.
Watering da ciyar
Jami'ar Rhododendron na Helsinki tana son danshi mai yawa, saboda haka a cikin zafin rana na daji 1 zaku buƙaci kimanin lita 10 na ruwa sau 3 a mako. Kowace rana da yamma ana fesa shuka. A cikin kaka da hunturu, kusan ba a bukatar ruwa, kamar yadda ƙasa take bushewa.
Ruwan da aka yi amfani da shi don ban ruwa ne mai laushi, mara nauyi, acidified idan ya yiwu.
Don bayani! Takin takin zamani yana farawa ne bayan dasa shuki a cikin yankin. Don haɓaka acidity na ƙasa, ana ƙara alli, superphosphate da ammonium a cikin ruwa.
A cikin bazara, ana ciyar da shuka da potassium da phosphorus (1: 2). Yana da mahimmanci kada a shawo kan samfuran matasa, saboda haka takin mai magani ba shi da yawa a cikin rabin.
Da takin mai magani tare da abun ciki na potassium, magnesium da alli ana bred tare da gwargwado na 1.2: 1000.
Aikace-aikacen taki kamar haka:
- 50 g a 1 m² na magnesium sulfate da ammonium sulfate an gabatar da su a farkon bazara;
- 20 g na potassium sulfate da superphosphate, 40 g na ammonium sulfate an gabatar da su a watan Yuni;
- 20 g na potassium sulfate da superphosphate suna kara a cikin Yuli.
Kyakkyawan zaɓi shine babban miya da aka sanya daga dabbar turɓaya mai rabin-rotten, wanda aka bred da ruwa a gwargwado na 1:15. Kafin amfani da taki don da yawa kwana ya kamata a infused.
Shirye-shiryen hunturu
A cikin hunturu, tsire-tsire ba sa haƙa; sun yi haƙuri da sanyi sosai. Koyaya, don guje wa bushewa ganye, bushes ɗin an rufe shi da burlap ko wasu kayan masarufi waɗanda ke ba iska izinin wucewa.
Yadda ake tsari don hunturu
Kiwo
A cikin yanayin, shuka yana yaduwa ta hanyar tsaba, a gida yana da sauƙin amfani da koyoyi ko ƙwaya.
Yankan
Ana yanke harbe-ƙananan Semi-lignified har zuwa 8 cm tsayi, an yanke ƙananan ganye. A tushe an sanya shi a cikin jirgin ruwa tare da tushen ci gaban mai motsa shi na tsawon awanni 16. Don tushen, yi amfani da cakuda peat tare da yashi a cikin rabo na 3: 1. An yanke yankan tare da gilashi ko kuma fim mai nuna gaskiya. Zamanin yana daga watanni 1.5 zuwa 4.
Maimaitawa
Ana amfani da hanya mafi sauƙi da sauri kai tsaye a ƙasa. Don yaduwa ta hanyar farawa, an cire tsagi kusa da daji na mahaifiya, wanda aka sa tsakiyar ɓangaren harbi kuma yafa masa ƙasa. A ɓangaren ɓangaren ɓangaren reshe yana a haɗe da fegin madaidaiciya. Lokacin da reshe ya ɗauki tushe, ana iya rarrabe shi kuma a watsa shi wani wuri.
Zaɓin wurin zama
An zaɓi wurin don girma rhododendron inuwa, a yanayi yana girma a cikin gandun daji na Pine, wanda ya ba da izini, amma yankan ta hanyar hasken rana. Shrubs za su ji daɗi a gefen arewa na shafin.
Saukowa
Cutar da kwari
Wadannan parasites na iya kamuwa da rudodendron matasan Helsinki Jami'ar:
- slugs;
- katantanwa;
- gizo-gizo mite;
- sikelin garkuwa;
- bugun rhododendron;
- weevil.
An tattara slugs da katantanwa daga daji da hannu, tare da sauran kwari yanayin da yake mafi rikitarwa. Insectsanan ƙananan kwari sun mutu bayan an bi da harbe-harbe tare da fungicides, karbofos, amma za a iya magance zallan ta amfani da diazonin.
Kula! Ganyen rawaya yana nuna wata cuta ta fungal wacce za a iya kawar da ita ta hanyar ƙara baƙin ƙarfe, sinadarin jan karfe ko citric acid zuwa ruwa don ban ruwa.
Yin rigakafin matsaloli daban-daban
Mafi kyawun rigakafin cutar don rhododendron na Finnish shine zaɓi wurin da ya dace da kula da shuka. Rhododendron shine mafi haɗari idan ya girma a rana, a cikin ƙasa na alkaline, an rufe shi da danshi ko takin mai magani.
Fesa
A matsayin gwargwadon rigakafin, a ƙarshen kaka, ana bi da ciyawar tare da maganin maganin Bordeaux.
Rhododendron ba shuka ba ne ga mai laushi. Ta hanyar samar masa da kulawa ta musamman, zaku iya jira sakamakon. Fure mai fure ba zai bar kowace ma'amala ba.
