Rhododendron shrub (azalea) wata itaciya ce mai fure wadda take girma a cikin ƙasa buɗe. Gaskiya ne gaskiya ga ƙasashen gabashin da Arewacin Amurka, amma wasu nau'ikan sun zama ruwan dare a Ostiraliya, kuma wasu a cikin yankin gabashin gabashin Rasha. A lokaci guda, azalea kuma yana rayuwa cikakke a gida kamar daskararren shuka, wanda zai sa ku sha'awar kanku a duk lokacin furanni.
Menene bishiyar rhododendron tayi kama
Halin halittar Rhododendron na gidan Vereskov ne. Gaba ɗaya, akwai nau'ikan wakilai sama da 800 na wakilan wannan halittar. Mafi sau da yawa waɗannan kullun sune ƙananan bishiyoyi masu rarrabewa / deciduous shrubs, amma a cikin yanayin ma akwai nau'ikan nau'ikan bishiyoyi.
Rhododendron na cikin gida
Ban sha'awa! Yawancin nau'ikan rhododendron daji suna da guba. Haka kuma, dukkan sassan jikinsu cike suke da guba - mai tushe, ganye har ma da furanni. Wuce abubuwan da ke cikin su na iya zama mawuyaci.
Nau'i iri iri da iri
Shahararrun nau'ikan rhododendron, waɗanda aka yi amfani da su azaman tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire, sune masu zuwa:
- Rhododendron Daursky.
Wuraren haɓaka: Primorye, Korea, China, Gabas Siberiya, Mongolia.
Wani nau'i na girma: fadi, yaduwa, shuki mai yanke hukunci mai zurfi har zuwa m 4. Haushi yana launin toka a launi, ganyayyaki sunyi ƙanana, har zuwa 3 cm, scaly akan underside. Bambanci a cikin karuwar juriya sanyi.
Fulawa tayi kimanin wata guda. Yana fure babba, har zuwa 4 cm a diamita, tare da furanni na Lilac. Tana da nau'ikan lambun da ba a girke tare da furanni masu haske da furanni.
Daurian kama
- Rhododendron Adams.
Habitats: Far East, Tibet.
Taron kafa na Evergreen har tsawon 2 m. Ganyen yana da siffar launi mai duhu, kore mai duhu a launi, ya kai 2 cm duka biyu kuma tsayi da fadi.
Furanni masu ruwan hoda ƙananan ƙananan, har zuwa 1.5 cm a diamita, amma suna kallon abubuwan ban mamaki saboda gaskiyar cewa an tattara su cikin inflorescences na 7-15 kofe.
Adams
- Azalea Sims.
Na ciki iri-iri wanda ke fure a bazara. Koyaya, masu shayarwa sun riga sun cimma fure hunturu na wasu daga cikin wannan nau'in.
Mafi yawancin lokuta shine shukar shuki har zuwa 50 cm a tsayi, ƙasa da kullun itaciyar itace, mai shimfiɗa har zuwa 1.5 m.
Furanni sune fari fari, ruwan hoda ko ja. Wasu 'yan kunan bakin wake suna da yanayin hutu.
Azalea sims
Ban sha'awa! Da zaran azalee ya bayyana a cikin gida, kwari da tururuwa nan da nan suka bace daga gare shi.
A takaice game da tarihin bayyanar
An fassara sunan Rhododendron a matsayin "rosewood" (daga Girkanci "rhodon" - fure da "dendron" - itace).
Dangane da daya daga cikin tatsuniyoyin da aka saba dasu a Turai, an yi imanin cewa sau daya a cikin wani daji akwai mummunan wuta. Elves cikin sauri yayi kokarin tserewa daga gare shi, sun tashi zuwa gindin dutsen kuma, sun gaji, sun nemi izinin zama na dare a cikin sabon gandun daji. Amma ba wanda ya so ya karɓi baƙi, ban da daji ɗaya.
Da gari ya waye, sauran hutawa sun yanke shawarar yi masa godiya domin baƙinsa kuma suka ba shi furanni masu kyawu. Don haka wannan fure mai ban mamaki ya bayyana.
Ban sha'awa! A Rasha, rhododendron ya bayyana ne kawai a farkon karni na ashirin. Aka kawo shi kyauta ga sarki. Da farko, an girma shi ne kawai a cikin lambunan sarauta da kuma gidajen katako.
Siffofin kulawa da rhododendron a gida
Cikin gida rhododendron wata itaciya ce da ake matukar bukatar kulawa da ita, domin ta girma a shekara, ya wajaba a kula da ita musamman a hankali, lura da wasu bukatu. Ko da masoya fure tare da ƙwarewa mai yawa ba koyaushe zasu iya jure wannan ba.
Zazzabi
A cikin yanayi, fure yana girma a cikin ƙasashe masu yanayin sanyi, don haka a gida yana buƙatar ƙarancin zafin jiki.
Mafi kyawun zaɓi shine + 15 ° C. Idan wannan ba zai yiwu ba, to sai a sanya tukunya a ciki don kada yawan zafin jiki ya tashi sama da 22 ° C.
Haske
Lokacin girma rhododendron a gida, mutum ya kamata kuma yayi la’akari da abubuwan da ya zaɓa don wurin. Zai fi kyau a sa tukunya da ita a gefen arewa, a sanya shi a cikin inuwa mai cike da haske.
Mahimmanci! Azalea bata yarda da hasken rana kai tsaye ba. Daga wannan, inji yana iya mutuwa.
Watse
Watering ya kamata a yi a kai a kai, amma guje wa stagnation na danshi a cikin tukunya.
Mafi kyawun bayani zai zama ƙananan sigar ruwa - ta cikin kwanon rufi. Wajibi ne a zuba ruwa a ciki, bari daji ya tsaya na wasu 'yan awanni, bayan haka ya kamata a zame sauran ruwan.
Zai fi kyau ruwan narke ko ruwan sama. Idan ba haka ba, to da an kare sosai. Zaku iya lokaci-lokaci ku yawaita digo na lemun tsami a cikin ruwa, inji zai so shi.
Fesa
Ya kamata a kwashe kowace rana, amma daga nesa mai nisa. Manyan saukad da ruwa kada su faɗi akan ganyayyaki da furanni na shuka.
Haushi
Rhododendron fure na cikin gida yana da matukar damuwa ga yanayin zafi. Dole ne ta kasance koyaushe.
Don tabbatar da matakin da ake so, kusa da tukunya, zaku iya sanya jirgin ruwa mai cike da rigar ƙarfe, ko kwano na ruwa.
Mahimmanci! Yawancin rhododendrons na gida sun mutu saboda yawan zafin jiki da ƙarancin zafi.
Kasar
Zai fi kyau saya a cikin shagon ƙasa ta musamman don azaleas girma. Tun da shuka yana buƙatar ba kawai don kulawa ta waje ba, har ma don ma'aunin acid-tushe na cakuda ƙasa.
Soilasa don rhododendron ya kamata ya kasance sako-sako, mai haske, mai dacewa, kuma yana da matakin acidity aƙalla 4-4.5 pH. Don ƙara ƙwanƙwasa, zaku iya ƙara ɗan peat ko yashi kogin a ƙasan da aka gama.
Manyan miya
Ana buƙatar ciyar da Azalea a kai a kai sau biyu a wata. Don wannan, an sayi takaddama na musamman na takin mai ma'adinai.
A lokacin tsawon ciyayi da kuma buds, suna ciyar da shi da maganin superphosphate (1 g na taki da 1 lita na ruwa).
Siffofin kulawa na hunturu, lokacin hutawa
A yawancin azaleas, lokacin mai sanyi yana farawa a ƙarshen bazara, a ƙarshen fure.
A wannan lokacin, ana yanke shi, dasa shi, idan ya cancanta, cire duk furannin da ke saura kuma ci gaba da aiwatar da daidaitaccen kulawa. Tsarin shayarwa, ciyarwa da fesa rhododendron a lokacin hutawa bai canza ba.
A lokacin rani, zaku iya ɗaukar tukunya tare da shuka zuwa gonar, sanya shi a cikin inuwa m kuma yana hana zafi yawan zafi.
A cikin hunturu, a lokacin lokacin furanni, kuna buƙatar saka idanu a kan furanni masu mutuwa kuma cire su nan da nan don ba da damar haɓaka sabon, mafi ƙarfi.
Yaushe da yadda rhododendron ke fure
Azalea blooms kawai na shekaru 3-4 na rayuwarsa, sabili da haka, idan ƙaramin shuka bai yi fure ba, bai kamata ku damu ba kuma kuyi tunanin cewa wani abu yana tafiya ba daidai ba. Kuna buƙatar jira kawai don ya girma sosai.
Iri furanni
Furen furanni na Azalea na iya zama mai sauƙi, ninki biyu da rabin, mafi yawan lokuta suna da girma, ana samunsu daya bayan ɗaya, ƙananan kannoni yawanci ana tattara su cikin lush inflorescences.
Zauren fure
A matsakaita, diamitarsu ita ce cm 3-5. Furannin wasu nau'ikan suna da wari mai daɗin ji.
Terry Azalea
Tsarin fure
Akwai zaɓuɓɓuka da yawa don siffar furannin rhododendron, sun dogara ne kawai akan nau'in halitta da iri-iri.
An bambanta siffofin masu zuwa:
- mazurari mai fasali;
- tubular;
- kararrawa-mai siffa;
- dabarar keken hannu.
Lokacin tashi
Lokacin fure kai tsaye ya dogara da iri iri. Akwai nau'ikan da suka fara girma a lokacin hunturu, a watan Nuwamba-Disamba, kuma akwai waɗanda suke yiwa fure a watan Fabrairu-Afrilu.
Duk da cewa kwarjinin rhododendron a lokacin furanni ba za'a iya bayanin shi ba kuma suna son a yaba masu muddin dai zai yiwu, to ya yi tsawo ba - tsawon watanni 1.5 a gida ba. Abin baƙin ciki, inji shuka blooms sau ɗaya kawai a shekara.
Canje-canje a cikin kulawar fure
Ba za ku iya yin wani canje-canje ba ga rhododendron yayin da yake fure. Amma idan kuna son kara tsawon wannan lokacin, zaku iya rage zafin jiki a hankali a dakin da shuka yake.
Mahimmanci! A lokacin cinyewa da fure, a tukunyar ba za a iya motsawa zuwa sabon wuri ba, wannan yana barazanar sauke buds ko daskarewa ci gaban su.
Shinge Rhododendron Shrub
Itace daidaitacciyar hanyar azaleas shine mabuɗin don fure mai girma da daɗewa.
Lokacin aikin shine Mayu. A wannan lokacin, sababbin harbe suna samar da daji. An haɗa su ta hanyar da ganye 4-5 kawai suka rage.
Idan akwai sha'awar tsirar da itaciya, to, kuna buƙatar yanke duk harbe, sai dai mafi ƙarfi da ƙarfi. An ɗaura shi da tallafi kuma, yayin isa saman tsayin da ake so, tsunkule saman. Itace zata fara reshe. Don samun sifar mai sihiri, dole ne a juya ta lokaci-lokaci ta hanyoyi daban-daban zuwa hasken.
Don ƙarancin kamannin, zaka iya yanke duk harbe har zuwa 10 cm a shekara kuma gaba ɗaya ka rabu da raunana, harbe marasa lafiya.
Yadda ake yada Propagate Rhododendron
Tambayar yadda ake yaduwar rhododendron a gida, ya tayar da masu furen fure da yawa. Akwai hanyoyi da yawa na asali don yaduwar wannan kyakkyawan shuka.
Shuka shuka
Germinating tsaba ita ce hanya mafi wahala da ƙwararru kawai ke amfani da ita. Ga masu farawa, da wuya wani abu ya ƙare.
Hankali! Lokacin sayen tsaba, ya kamata ka kula da tsawon lokacin tarin su (ba fiye da shekaru biyu) da rashi lalacewa. Daidai ne, idan aka tattara iri daban-daban.
Lokacin shuka: farkon zuwa tsakiyar bazara. Don shuka a baya, ƙarin haske tare da phytolamps ya zama dole har sai an samar da hasken rana na sa'o'i 12.
Matakan-mataki-mataki don shuka tsaba na gida rhododendron tsaba:
- A kasan tanki inda tsaba zasu tsiro, an zuba wani yanki na magudanar ruwa.
- Ana zuba madaidaicin a saman shi domin kada ya kai 1-2 cm zuwa gefen. An canza substrate, amma ba a kafa ba.
- A topsoil an gurbata da wani bayani na potassium permanganate.
- An shimfiɗa tsaba a saman bushe a saman substrate cikin tsari, ko da layuka. Nisa tsakanin su ya zama akalla 1 cm.
- Isasa ta jike da bindiga ta fesa.
- Jirgin ruwan yana rufe da fim ko gilashi.
Don ƙwaya, yana da mahimmanci don samar da su tsawon sa'o'in hasken rana, zafin jiki da fesawa na yau da kullun. Kimanin wata daya bayan shuka, na farko, harbe mai rauni sosai ya bayyana. Amma wannan tsari na iya ja a tsawon lokaci.
Bayan tsiron ya yi girma kaɗan, ya zama dole a cire su daga yanayin ƙasar ta kore kuma a rage zafin jiki zuwa 10-12 ° C. Wannan haƙiƙa hatsari ne, amma dole. A wannan lokacin, kawai kasan ruwa za'a iya yi. Lokacin da ganyen farko suka bayyana, sai aka shuka dashen.
Rooting cuttings
Yaduwa da rhododendrons ta sassa shine mafi shahararren haifuwa a gida.
Za'a iya aiwatar da yankan daga Mayu zuwa Agusta. Cutan itace mai ƙarfi da aka dasa ya fi girma zuwa cm 10 a cikin girman .. Ana sarrafa wannan tsiron ne ta hanyar haɓakar tushen haɓaka. Sannan an dasa shi tsaye a cikin ƙasa don azaleas, da kyau, zurfin kusan 2-3 cm.
Gilashin gilashi ko fim yana haifar da yanayin greenhouse. Ana cire lambun na lokaci-lokaci don samun iska, shayarwa da spraying.
A cikin wata guda, sai a dasa tushen, amma farkon fure zai jira akalla shekaru biyu.
Itace Azalea
Sama kwance
Don wannan hanyar, ana amfani da tsohuwar itace tare da adadi mai yawa na matasa, ana amfani da keɓaɓɓen launuka.
An zaɓi adadin harbe da ake buƙata, an yi musu lanƙwasa game da 5 cm tsayi kuma an lanƙwasa cikin tsagi mai zurfin da aka taɓa yin (3 cm). Yankunan da ke tuntuɓar tare da ƙasa ya kamata a share su gaba ɗaya daga ganye da fure.
Hankali! Tushen yana bayyana bayan watanni 1-2, amma don dasa shuki a cikin shuka daga mahaifiya na iya zama shekara mai zuwa. Flow zai zo ba da jimawa ba bayan shekaru 2. Ana iya amfani da wannan hanyar ko dai daga Mayu zuwa Agusta.
Waɗannan su ne manyan zaɓuɓɓuka don yadda ake yaɗa rhododendrons a gida. Kowane mai girbi ya zaɓi wa kansa daidai yadda waɗannan kyawawan tsirrai za su girma tare da shi. Akwai wasu hanyoyi, alal misali, ta hanyar rarraba daji. Mafi yawancin lokuta ana amfani dashi don dasa tsire-tsire na manya. Hakanan zaka iya gwada dasa ganye. Ka'ida ɗaya ce kamar yadda ake yankewa, amma azalea zata ɗauki lokaci mai tsayi, fure kuma zai jira shekaru uku.
Rhododendron dasawa a gida
Ana aiwatar da dasawa Rhododendron kai tsaye bayan ƙarshen lokacin fure.
Babbar manufarta ita ce a duba tushen tushe, a cire tushen da ya bushe da lalatattun wurare.
Yarinya azaleas yakamata a shekara dashi, bushes mafi girma - sau ɗaya a kowace shekara biyu zuwa uku.
Matsaloli masu yuwuwar girma
Tunda bishiyar rhododendron itaciya ce mai matukar girma, ana iya samun matsaloli da yawa. Nan da nan zai amsa kowane yanayi mai gamsarwa.
Discards buds da ganye
Wannan mafi yawan lokuta yana nuna rashin kulawa. Da farko, kuna buƙatar ƙirƙirar zafin da ya fi dacewa a gare shi kuma kada ku bushe iska.
Lokacin da aka gyara waɗannan gazawar, wataƙila, shuka zai sake zama kore, kuma ci gaban buds zai ci gaba. Hakanan yana yiwuwa a ƙara yawan riguna, saboda akwai yuwuwar akwai wadataccen abinci mai gina jiki a cikin ƙasa.
Cutar
- Chlorosis
Bayyanar cututtuka: ganye suna juya launin rawaya ba gaira ba dalili.
Magani: ƙara yawan ruwan da shuka ke amfani da shi. Karka sanya shi cikin dakuna masu dumin zafi, ya fi kyau a hankali ka rage zafin jiki zuwa 15 ° C. Ana iya fesa shi da sinadarin magnesium
- Necrosis.
Bayyanar cututtuka: duka babban tushe ya mutu.
Dalili: zazzabi ya yi kasa sosai.
Magani: ganye ba zai iya samun tsira, yana da buƙatar yanke su gaba ɗaya kuma ɗaga zafin jiki na ɗakin.
- Cututtukan naman gwari.
Bayyanar cututtuka: an bayyana ta hanyoyi daban-daban - na iya haifar da jujjuyawar tushe, matsaloli tare da ganye ko mai tushe.
Magani: kuna buƙatar tunani game da abin da aka yi kuskure lokacin kula da shuka kuma ya gyara su.
Karin kwari
- Bugun Rhododendron.
Wannan karamin kwari ne da fuka-fuki, girmansa kusan 3 mm. A bayan ganye yana sanya larvae, wanda kan aiwatar da ci gaban yake tsotse dukkan ruwan 'ya'yan itace daga ganyayyaki.
- Azalea asu.
Kwakwalwarta suna cinye ganye da kura a jikinsu. Don kawar da matsalar, zaku iya fesa shuka tare da sulfur kuma cire duk ganye da suka lalace.
- Kaya
Hankali! A kan wannan shuka, nau'ikan halittar su zasu iya parasitize - ja, strawberry da gizo-gizo. Amfrayo da larvae suna cinye dukkan sassan shuka. Neman su ba koyaushe ba ne mai sauki, saboda sun zaɓi sashin bayan takardar a matsayin wurin ɓullowarsu.
Duk nau'ikan kwari da zasu iya bayyana a kan daji na rhododendron za a taimaka musu da magungunan kwari na musamman da aka sayar a cikin furanni da kuma wuraren adana kayan lambu.
Sauran matsaloli
Matsalar Azalea dabi'a ce ta daban. Yawancin su suna faruwa ne saboda kulawa mara kyau. Don haka, alal misali, tare da yawan wuce gona da iri, lalacewar tushe na iya faruwa, idan ba ku lura da shi ba da lokaci, tsirin zai mutu.
Hasken rana kai tsaye yana haifar da kunar rana a jiki a cikin launin launin ruwan kasa akan ganye mai saurin fitowa. Don hana duk waɗannan, baza ku iya watsi da kowane ƙa'idoji don kulawa da rhododendron ba.
Duk da gaskiyar cewa dasa da kuma kula da shukar rhododendron abu ne mai rikitarwa, masoya na furanni na cikin gida su sayi su. Bayan duk wannan, ba wakilai na flora da yawa ba ne ke iya yin fure a lokacin sanyi na shekara, suna ba da haske game da rayuwar yau da kullun tare da launuka masu haske da ƙara farin ciki da haske a gidan. Furen su ba zai iya barin kowa ba.Dole ne mutum ya bi da shi a hankali kuma fure nan da nan zai gode wa mai shi don fure mai ƙanshi da fure mai ban sha'awa.
