Cactus pear mai prickly - kulawa ta gida, nau'in hoto

Opuntia (Opuntia) wata itaciya ce mai girma daga dangin Cactus. Sifan succulent mai tushe na murtsunguwa an “yi musu ado” tare da kasusuwa da yawa da gungun frist bristles (glochidia). Yankunan Harkokin Tropical da subtropical na Amurka suna ɗaukar matsayin wurin shuka. Babban wurin rarraba da kuma girmamawa shine Meziko. Ana nuna alamar lu'ulu'u a jikin alama kuma ana kiranta "sandar Mexico." A cikin yanayin halitta yana zaune a cikin yankuna m na Indiya, kan tsaunin tsaunin Crimea.

Opuntia murtsunguwa na rayuwa tsawon lokaci, yana tasowa a hankali da hargitsi: harbe suna bayyana a wurare da ba tsammani. A cikin yanayi, ya yi girma zuwa 4 m a tsayi kuma 2 m a diamita. A gida, nau'in ƙananan girma (15 - 70 cm) tare da sassan diski mai siffa suna girma, ko da yake ba su yi fure da son rai ba. Don ganin furanni masu ban sha'awa na lu'ulu'u mai haske, kuna buƙatar ƙirƙirar yanayi mai kyau don ita.

Af, tabbas za ku sami sha'awar cacti kamar su hymnocalycium da Schlumbergera.

M Properties na murtsunguwa

Da muhimmanci rage matakin radiation a cikin dakin. Yana magance radadin wutar lantarki mai haɗari, saboda haka ana sanya murtsatsun kusa da kayan gida da kwamfutoci. A cikin ƙasashe daban-daban, ana cin 'ya'yan itacen. Amfani da magani, kamar yadda aka yi amfani da manne, dyes, sabulu. Ana amfani da mai na opuntia a cikin kayan kwalliya.

Siffofin girma a gida. A takaice

Idan mai saurin tsiro ya yi fure da ci gaba a gida, dole ne mutum ya san abubuwan da ake son shuka kuma ku yi ƙoƙari don ƙirƙirar yanayi mai gamsarwa gareshi:

Kula da pear mai daraja a gida. Daki-daki

Kulawa da pear mai tsada a gida bashi da wahala musamman. Mai watsa shiri mai kulawa zai ƙirƙiri yanayi mai kyau don shuka, kuma zai gode wa kallon mara kyau da fure mai ban sha'awa.

Gudun ruwa

Gudun ruwa farashi mai daraja - aukuwa mai saurin faruwa. Lokacin farko na fure a cikin balagagge - yana da shekaru 10 da haihuwa. Daga Afrilu zuwa Satumba, furanni guda masu aure guda biyu suna bayyana akan filoli masu tsini. A waje, suna yin kama da manyan wardi kuma suna ficewa cikin launuka masu haske - zinariya, shuɗi ko lemo. Wasu lokuta furanni masu sauƙin sauƙi suna bayyana a gefen harbe.

Lokacin da ya yi fure, ba za a iya raba shi da shi daga lokacin da aka dade ana jira ba - ta hanyar canzawa, ko sake komawa wani wuri. Kwandon tare da fure ya kamata ya kasance a cikin matsayi ɗaya. Idan ka juya shi, furanni na iya fadi. Bayan furanni, ana kafa gyada mai siffar itace da ake amfani da ita, ana sake yin su kamar yadda ta fito. An rufe shi da ƙananan ƙaya, a ciki ya ƙunshi tsaba.

Yanayin Zazzabi

Tsarin zafin jiki yana da matukar muhimmanci a kula da shi a cikin hunturu. A wannan lokacin, ana ajiye murtsatsin a zazzabi na + 5 - 15 ° C kuma baya barin karuwa, in ba haka ba zai shimfiɗa. A lokacin rani, tsire-tsire yana jin daɗi a + 23 - 33 ° C, kuma yana haƙuri da yawan zafin jiki na yau da kullun. Idan murtsunguwa ba ta yi fure ba a lokacin rani, ana iya ajiye shi a baranda.

Fesa

Furen fure mai tsini a gida yana jure bushewar iska sosai. Fesa ba a za'ayi. Hanyar na iya cutar da shuka, yana haifar da tushe don juyawa.

Haske

Cactus yana ƙaunar walƙiyar haske mai haske. A gare shi, sun zaɓi wani wuri akan taga suna fuskantar kudu ko kudu maso gabas. Karku yarda da hasken rana kai tsaye ya fadi akan murtsunguwa. Don farashi mai saurin girma don inganta shi, yana buƙatar ingantaccen haske a ko'ina cikin shekara.

Watse

Pearsly pears a cikin gida yanayi, kamar yadda a cikin yanayi, su ne-fari-resistant. A cikin hunturu, kawai ana shayar da dusar ƙanƙan pear (wanda ba wuya). Watering sake farawa a cikin bazara lokacin da fure fure. A lokacin rani, ya zama dole ruwa a lokacin da saman Layer na substrate ta bushe.

Overmoistening take kaiwa zuwa Rotting na tushe da tushe. Shayar da ruwa mai ɗumi, ruwa mai tsafta. Wani lokacin ana shayar da shi da ruwan lemun tsami ko citric acid (3-5 saukad ko lu'ulu'u ne na 2-4 a kowace lita na ruwa). An ba da shawarar yin amfani da ƙananan shayarwa - ta hanyar sump zuwa cikin abin da aka zuba ruwa mai narkewa.

Wiwi

Tushen tsarin cacti ba ya ƙarancin ci gaba, saboda haka tukunya yakamata ya zama mara nauyi, isasshe kuma mai karko. Cactus baya jure yanayin shan ruwa. Lokacin zaɓar akwati, mutum ya kamata ya zaɓi fifikon wanda za'a sami isasshen sarari don magudanar magudanar ruwa da ramuka ɗaya ko fiye.

Kasar

A shuka Yana son sako-sako da haske ƙasa tare da dan kadan acid dauki. Dole ne ya zama iska da ruwa. An gogaggen mai sayad da furanni zai fi son shirya kasar gona domin prickly pears da hannuwansa daga daidai rabo na sheet ƙasa, yashi, lãka, Turf ƙasar. An yi imanin cewa humus wanda ya ƙunshi mai yawa nitrogen kada a ƙara a cakuda. Excessarfin wannan kashi zai kai ga shimfidar silsila ta murtsunguwa da jinkirta furen.

A cikin shagon zaka iya siyar da cakuda ƙasa ta musamman don cacti.

Taki da taki

Ciyar da takin ƙasa suna da muhimmanci don shuka ya kasance da tsari da ci gaba mai jituwa. Yana buƙatar su da wuya. Daga Maris zuwa tsakiyar Satumba, sau ɗaya a kowace kwanaki 30, sanya takin ruwa na duniya don cacti.

Kwalban ya ƙunshi takin a cikin sikelin wanda aka mai da hankali, don haka dole ne a tsage shi da rabi. Ana amfani da maganin bayan ruwa. (a cikin yanayin girgije ko da yamma). An ba da shawarar yin takin lokacin fure.

Opuntia dashi

Juyawa yana gudana ne a cikin bazara, idan a wannan karon babu wani kafa da aka kirkira. Matasa cacti ana dasa su a kowace shekara, wadanda suka manyanta bayan shekaru 3, 5 ko ƙasa da haka, idan girman tukunya har yanzu ya dace da girman furen.

Canjin pear mai saurin yaduwa ana aiwatar da ita ta hanyar kwanciyar hankali tare da adana korar miya. Itatuwa yana da ra'ayin mazan jiya, wanda ya saba da yanayi ɗaya, yana ɗaukar tushe cikin wahala. Lokacin da aka sake saukar da shi, tabo zai sami damuwa sosai. Cactus an dasa shi daga busasshiyar ciyawa a bushe, saka a cikin inuwa; karo na farko bayan an shayar dashi bayan sati daya bayan haka, ciyar dashi bayan sati 2.

Yadda za'a shuka amfanin gona?

Regular pruning farashin pears ba a buƙatar. Ana yin sa ne kawai a lokuta biyu: lokacin da murtsunguwar na buƙatar taimako na gaggawa ko lokacin da taɓu sosai. A cikin magana ta farko, ana aiwatar da hanyar a kowane lokaci, kuma a karo na biyu, zaku iya jira har sai lokacin bazara ko bazara. Alamu na waje zasu nuna cewa girki mai kaifi zai yi ba tare da pruning ba:

• daskararrun duhu wuraren bayyana a kan akwati;
• shimfiɗa, ya zama mai nauyi kuma yana iya faɗuwa daga cikin tanki;
• fure ya toshe da banki;
• murtsunguwa ya juya launin rawaya kuma ya daina girma a tsawo na lokacin girma.

Ana ɗaukar ƙaramin tsire-tsire daga ƙasa, an yanka babba a tukunya. Tare da wuka mai tsabta mai tsabta, yanke guntun da ake so. Idan an ga lalacewa da yawa akan ƙashin da aka yanke, to, fure ba zai sami ceta ba. Idan babu lalacewa, yakamata a kula da makaman kamar fensir, ba tare da taɓa ƙarar cambial a tsakiyar ba.

Yanka da aka yayyafa da baƙin ƙarfe. An tsayar da shank din a wani wuri mai bushewa, bushewa tsawon makonni 2 zuwa 3.

Bayan bushewa, an sanya shi a ƙasa, ba tare da zurfafa ba, don kauce wa lalata kyallen takarda.

Don kwanciyar hankali mafi girma, an sanya duwatsu a ƙarƙashin fure. Sun saka wuri mai haske. Yana faruwa cewa bayan gyara shi ya sake yin rashin lafiya: rot kuma har ma mold sun bayyana. A wannan yanayin, ana aiwatar da sake gyarawa, a hankali tsaftace ginin daga lalacewa.

Lokacin hutawa

Lokacin dormant na shuka ya fadi a cikin hunturu. A wannan lokacin, muƙamuƙin dusar ƙanƙara na dutse yana dakatar da haɓaka aiki, yana fara kwan furen fure kuma ya samar da ci gaban rani. Don sauyawa zuwa aminci ga zaman lafiya, cactus ba shi da sauƙin shayarwa a cikin fall. A ƙarshen Nuwamba, suna rage zafin jiki a cikin ɗakin.

Kuna iya yin iska sau da yawa, kuma sanya fure kusa da taga. A lokacin hunturu, kada ku ciyar.

Yadda za a yi fure mai fure?

Loversaunar cactus koyaushe suna tunanin yadda za su yi fure mai fure. Kulawar shuka yadda ya kamata a duk shekara zai taimaka wajen samun fure:

1. A cikin hunturu, ta huta. Furen ba a ciyar da shi, ba a sake shirya shi ba, ba a shayar da shi sosai. Aiwatar da ƙarin hasken baya don rama don ƙarancin hasken.
2. A cikin bazara, sannu-sannu accustom zuwa haske mai haske. A tsakiyar tsakiyar Maris, ciyar da sha da sake ci gaba; ƙara yawan zafin jiki. Dasawa cikin watan Afrilu - Mayu mai nasara.
3. A lokacin rani zaka iya ganin fure. A watan Agusta, sun saba wa bambance-bambancen cikin yanayin dare da rana (wannan shine yadda ake fara shirye-shiryen hunturu).
4. A cikin fadada, rage shayarwa. Idan farashi mai girma a kan baranda, sun kawo shi gida. Dakatar da ciyarwa. Rage zafin jiki.

A hankali kula da murtsunguwa, babu wata shakka: zai yi fure.

Kiwo

Sake bugun pears a gida ana yin shi da tsaba ko kuma a cikin ciyayi - ta hanyar yankewa.

Girma yayi girma pears daga tsaba

Ba a da wuya a yi amfani da shi, saboda hanya ce mai tsawo da ƙwazo. Tsaba commensurate tare da hatsi lentil an rufe su da ƙarancin harsashi. Idan ba a sarrafa su da fayil ko sandpaper ba, ba za su iya buɗe ba. Ana kiyaye tsaba da aka bi da su a cikin mafita na potassiumganganate kuma an rarraba shi akan saman substrate, ya bar a tsakanin su 3, 5 cm. Feshi tare da ruwa mai tsayawa, rufe tare da fim kuma ci gaba da + 18 ° C. An cire fim din don shayar da shuka da ruwa. Lokacin da harbe suka bayyana, suna tsaftace shi. 'Ya'yan' ya'yan itace, sun shiga cikin tukwane. Shuka har shekara biyu, sannan kuma a dasa shi a matsayin tsire-tsire.

Yaduwa da prickly pear cuttings

Ana amfani dasu koyaushe. An raba guntun tsintsiya daga babban muhalli, an kula da wuraren da aka yanka tare da maganin kashe guba. Dry na kwana 3. An shirya cuttings ɗin da aka shirya a cikin ƙasa don cacti ko yashi, ɗan ƙara zurfi. Dauke da + 20 ° C, lokaci-lokaci. Lokacin da sabbin budsanyun fure suka bayyana akan abin riƙewa, ana dasa shi a cikin kullun kullun.

Hanyar ciyayi ita ce mafi sauki kuma mafi araha zaɓi don haifuwar pears mai kauri. Lokacin amfani da shi, an kiyaye siffofin nau'in shuka.

Cutar da kwari

Prickly pear shine asalin shuka mai ƙarfi, amma wani lokacin tare da kulawa mara kyau ana cutar da ita da cututtuka da kwari, sannan murtsatsi ya canza waje:

• launin ruwan kasa a kan ganye - Rot Rot na kara saboda yawan ruwa (an yanke sashin da ya shafa zuwa ingantaccen nama kuma a kula dashi da maganin kashe-kashe);
• yankwane ganye - karamin haske ko danshi mai yawa (sake shiryawa a cikin wani wuri mai sauƙi, daidaita ruwa);
• farashi mai daraja ba girma - wuce haddi danshi a cikin hunturu; karancin abinci mai gina jiki (daidaita ruwa, abinci).

Daga cikin kwari, aphids, kwari na kwari, nematodes, da mealybugs galibi suna kai hari. Ana amfani da magungunan kashe kwari a kansu.

Iri farashi mai saurin yaduwa tare da hotuna da sunaye

Akwai kusan nau'ikan 200, wasu daga cikinsu sun shahara a aikin lambu a gida.

Opuntia ficus indica / Opuntia ficus - maki

An zane bangarorin a cikin launi na zaitun, tsayin su ya kai cm 45. Spines mai laushi da yawa suna kan ƙananan yankuna. Furannin furanni mai haske. Gangar jikin gindi a kwance. A 'ya'yan itatuwa ne edible.

Opuntia fararen fata / Opuntia leucotricha

Tsage daga tushe suna da elongated ko diski-mai siffa, tsawon su shine 15 - 25 cm. Furanni masu launin furanni ne a launi.

Lu'u lu'u-lu'u (Opuntia microdasys)

Karamin cakuda kwandon shara har zuwa 0.6 m Tsawon bangarorin da ke da bakin ciki ya kai cm 15. Haskakewa na hancin zinari suna da yawa a kan tituna. 'Ya'yan itãcen suna da jan ja.

Opuntia bergeriana / Opuntia bergeriana

Ya girma zuwa m 1. Ya ƙunshi bangarori masu yawa na kusurwa, tsawon 0, 2 m Dogo mai tsayi rawaya suna kusa da furannin furen. Prickly pears tare da inflorescences na rashin tsoro launi da kore pestle.

Opuntia gosselin / Opuntia gosseliniana

Blossom yana farawa tun yana ƙarami. An zane bangarorin samfuran matasa a cikin launin shuɗi. Yanki na launin shuɗi-kore mai launi tare da Shehun silvery. M dogon spines strewn kawai ɓangare na ɓangare na segments.

Prickly pear shine tsiro mai ban mamaki. Tun da ɗaukarsa daga duniyar waje tare da ƙaya mai ƙarfi, yana ɗaukar dogon nazarin ga masu shi da yanayin da ke kewaye dashi. Sai kawai don kulawa mai laushi ne mai girman nauyin buɗe furanninsa masu haske.