Muraiya - girma da kulawa a gida, nau'in hoto

Muraya (Murraya) - dangin Rutov da aka dasa tsawon shekaru, wanda aka samo a cikin yanayi a Japan, China, Indiya da tsibirin Pasifik, suna rayuwa sama da shekaru 150 kuma sun kai tsayi na 7. A cikin yanayi mai tsauri, ana shuka ciyawar kamar fure. Theasar mahaifin muraya shine yanki mai zafi na kudu maso gabashin Asiya.

A gida, ɗan itacen zai iya girma har zuwa 1.5 m ba ga tsawo. Runasoshinta da rassanta suna da kyau sosai, an rufe ta da laushi mai kauri mai launin shuɗi. Furen ganye mai laushi mai laushi mara nauyi ne kuma mai yawa, yana da sihiri mai kyau da farfajiya mai cike da ɗamara. Furanni su ne ƙananan milky fari, waɗanda aka tattara a cikin inflorescences tsoro. A siffar, suna kama da furanni masu ruwan lemo. Bayan fure, m 'ya'yan itace-ruwan kasa-berries bayyana a kan bushes.

Dubi kuma yadda ake shuka itacen lemo a gida.

Amfanin kaddarorin muraya

Abubuwan da phytoncids suke ƙunshe cikin fure na muraya suna da alaƙar maganin antiseptik, suna tsaftace sararin ƙwayoyin cuta da ƙwayoyin cuta. Kyakkyawan furanni masu ƙanshi na shuka suna ƙara yanayi, haifar da farin ciki da farin ciki a gidan.

Uwar fureya za ta yi ado da kowane ɗaki, ko da ɗakin yara ne ko kuma nazari, ƙanshinta mai ban sha'awa zai taimaka wajen farantawa rai, fayyace tunani da ji, kunna ayyukan tunani.

Muraya: kulawar gida. A takaice

Muraya: kulawar gida. Daki-daki

Murai na kwarara

Lokacin furanni yakan faru ne a lokacin bazara da watannin kaka. A wannan lokacin, da yawa kananan m furanni Bloom a kan shuka tare da milky farin petals, dogon greenish stamens da haske rawaya kwando.

Shekarun kowane fure kusan kwana 3 ne, sannan a wurin sa ya fito da 'ya'yan itace da aka zagaye mai laushi tare da fata mai launin shuɗi. 'Ya'yan itaciyar muraya suna zama mai ci: naman su yana da dandano mai ɗanɗano na ɗanɗano.

Rashin fure

Kawai balaya bushes fure Bloom. Koyaya, ya faru cewa shuka da aka saya a cikin shagon fure ba ta yi fure ba, ko da bayan sun girma. Wataƙila wannan muraya na zaɓi ne na Yaren mutanen Holland, kusan ba shi yiwuwa a jira fure daga shi a gida. Abu ne mai sauki a sami sabon tsiro ta hanyar girma daga zuriya ko ƙwaya daga nau'ikan da ke fure a cikin ɗakin yara.

Yanayin Zazzabi

A gida, tsire na Muraya ya fi son zazzabi mai iska (kimanin + 25 ° C) a cikin watanni na bazara, kuma zazzabi mai tsayi (kimanin + 17 ° C) a cikin hunturu. A cikin lokacin zafi, ya zama dole don samar da ƙarancin iska.

Fesa

Muraiya tana jin daɗin yanayin matsakaici har ma da ɗan laima, yanayin gidaje na birane. Koyaya, ita ma tana mayar da martani ga feshi. Ana aiwatar da hanyar kamar yadda ya cancanta, ta amfani da atomizer da aka raba da ruwa mai taushi a ɗakin zazzabi.

Hakanan ana iya yin wanka a wasu lokuta a cikin ɗumi mai dumi.

Haske

Don ci gaba mai aiki da fure na yau da kullun, muraye yana buƙatar haske mai shimfiɗa haske, don haka ya fi kyau a ci gaba da tukunya tare da tsire-tsire a kan taga ta kudu, tabbatar da inuwa da ciyawar a cikin zafin rana na dare daga hasken rana kai tsaye.

Watse Murai

Wajibi ne a shayar da Muraya a lokacin tsirrai masu aiki sosai, a ko da yaushe sanya kasar gona a cikin tukunya. Tare da farko na yanayin sanyi, ana rage yawan ruwa zuwa mafi karancin yiwu, amma har a wannan lokacin ba su bada izinin ƙarfin overmrying na earthen coma ba.

Muraya tukunya

Akwatin don girma muraya an zaɓi zama mai sarari don tushen tsarin shuka, amma a lokacin fure Tushen ya kamata ya cika yawancin tukunya (lokacin da tukunyar muraye ta zama karami, yana da fure sosai. Kwantena wanda manyan samfurori suke girma a ciki dole ne suyi nauyi kuma su isa sosai domin tsire-tsire kada su faɗi.

Kasar

Muraya na cikin gida yana girma da kyau kuma yana haɓaka a cikin ƙwayar abinci mai narkewa. Ana iya shirya shi da kansa ta hanyar haɗa takardar da ƙasa turf tare da yashi (perlite) da peat (humus) a cikin rabo na 1: 1: 1: 0.5.

Industrialasa ta masana'antu don tsire-tsire na fure ya dace kuma ya dace.

Taki da taki

Ana ciyar da muraya a cikin lokacin da yake da girma ba fiye da sau 1-2 a wata ba, idan ba'a buƙata wannan cikin gaggawa. A matsayin takin zamani, an bada shawarar amfani da tsararrun halittun ruwa waɗanda aka yi niyya don tsirrai na cikin gida. Muraya ya amsa da kyau ga musanyar abinci mai gina jiki da ma'adinai.

Juyawa

A cikin shekaru uku na farko na rayuwa, ana dasa bishiyoyin a shekara a bazara cikin tukwane na girman da ya dace. Canjin Muraya a lokacin da ya tsufa na iya zama ƙasa-ƙasa - kowace shekara 2-3.

A tsoffin halaye, zaku iya sabunta saman.

Mai jan tsami

Kula da gida don muraya dole ne ya haɗa da yin aski na yau da kullun da kuma kayan tsafta. A lokacin aiwatar, an cire elongated apical harbe don ba da kambi yawa da ƙawa. Idan ka girma murayuu kamar itaciya, to lallai ne a hankali ta datse ƙananan rassan da ba dole ba har zuwa tsawon su.

Adon furannin yana shan wahala sosai idan an cire harbe tare da buds da inflorescences, saboda haka za'a fi yin kwalliya bayan fure ya faɗi. Miniaramin nau'in muraya basa buƙatar datsa, amma ana tsara jurewar kambi ba tare da wahala ba.

Lokacin hutawa

Muraiya ba ta da lokacin hutu na yau da kullun, amma tana iya faruwa da gangan: lokacin da hasken rana ya gajarta da lokacin hunturu. A wannan lokacin, yakamata a dasa shuka zuwa dakin sanyi tare da yawan zafin jiki na kimanin + 15 ° C, yana samar da ingantaccen hasken wuta (wanda har harbe ba ya shimfiɗa) da kuma yawan matsakaici na matsakaici.

Shuka Muraya daga Tsaba

Muraiya a gida ana iya yada shi da saurin tsaba. Bayan tarin, an fara tsoma su a cikin ruwa mai ɗumi don ƙara germination, sannan a dasa su nan da nan cikin tukwane na mutum, an binne su da 1.5 cm a cikin ƙasa. An rufe kwantena tare da fim ko gilashi don ƙirƙirar yanayin greenhouse.

Harbe yana bayyana ba tare da daidaituwa ba bayan watanni 1-1.5. Lokacin da seedlings suka bayyana a saman ƙasa, tukwane tare da su suna canjawa wuri zuwa wuri mai haske, bayan wani watan za'a iya ciyar dasu da takin gargajiya. Shuke tsiran tsirrai, wanda akan samar da ƙananan ganye 5-6 na gaskiya, ana tura shi cikin tukwane mafi girma sannan kuma a kula da su kamar manya.

Yaduwa da muraya ta yanke

Abu ne mai sauki, amma zai yiwu, don shuka sabon shuka daga gundarin muraya. An dasa bishiyoyi a bazara, yana yankan gefuna masu kwance-kafaffun apical ba tare da fure da furanni ba tsawon tsawon cm 8. Yankan ya kafe a cikin daskararren yashi wanda ya kunshi peat da yashi (perlite). Don hanzarta tushen tsarin ginin, zaku iya aiwatar da abubuwan yanke tare da tushe.

Rooting yana da wahala kuma yana iya ɗaukar makonni da yawa. Idan bayan watanni 1-1.5 sai kara ya fara girma matasa ganye da kuma sabon harbe, hakan yana nuna cewa an sami nasarar ɗaukar tushe, kuma bayan makwanni biyu ana iya juya shi cikin tukunyar mutum.

Cutar da kwari

Muraiya ba ta da ma'ana, amma wasu matsaloli na lambu lokacin da ta girma tana iya faruwa:

• m ganyen muraya juya rawaya kuma fada a kashe yawanci cikin samfuran manya manya - wannan tsari ne na tsufa. Itace mai zurfi na iya taimakawa sake farfado da shuka.
• A gefan ganyen Muraya idan aka ƙone shuka a cikin hasken rana kai tsaye. Irin waɗannan ganye dole ne a cire su don kada su lalata bayyanar tsiron, a nan gaba dole ne a girgiza shi daga tsakar rana.
• Ganyen Muraya ya zama rawaya tare da rashin abinci mai gina jiki (musamman, baƙin ƙarfe da magnesium). Ya kamata a ciyar da shuka tare da takin gargajiya mai hadaddun.
• Bar masu haske kore ne tare da isasshen hasken wuta ko tare da karancin kayan abinci a cikin ƙasa. Muraiu yana buƙatar ciyar da shi kuma ya koma dashi dakin da yake da haske.
• Ganyayyaki da ganye daga muraya sun fadi, idan aka keta dokar ban ruwa, kuma wannan na iya danganta da yawan danshi da rashin sa. Dole a kawo mita da girman ban ruwa zuwa mafi kyau.
• Sabbin harbe suna bakin ciki a cikin rashin haske mara kyau ko abinci mai shuka. Ana magance matsalar ta hanyar hadi da motsi da tsire kusa da tushen hasken.
• Tushen Muraya rot - Wannan cuta ce mai girma - Tushen rot. Yana da ma'ana don bi da shi kawai a farkon matakan: dole ne a yanke duk wuraren da abin ya shafa, ya kamata a fesa Tushen lafiya ko a wanke shi cikin maganin maganin kashewa. Yayyafa wuraren yanka da ci mai kaɗa, bayan haka an dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa sabo. Don wani lokaci, dole ne a sa murayu a cikin inuwa don ta "dawo rayuwa" bayan hanyoyin.

Karin kwari na iya lalata lafiyar da kuma bayyanar tsirrai, a cikinsu: gizo-gizo gizo-gizo, fararen fata, aphids, kwari masu kwari, mealybugs. Magungunan kwari na zamani suna taimakawa kawar dasu.

Nau'in muraya na gida tare da hotuna da sunaye

Murraya shakatawa (Murray kumar paniculata), Murraya m, "orange jasmine" (Murraya paniculata, Murraya exotica)

Duk sunaye suna nufin iri ɗaya ne - muraiya gama gari, wanda aka fi so a cikin ciyawar cikin gida. Itatuwan da ya girma shine tsohuwar bishiya mai tsayi, da aka yiwa katako mai zurfi har zuwa 1.5 m. Shootsanƙanranta da aka tanada an rufe su da kyawawan manyan ganyayyaki masu launuka masu kyau tare da shimfidar launuka mai haske.

A lokacin furanni, ƙananan furanni masu launin fari-fari-fari suna bayyana a cikin inflorescences na corymbal siffar a saman fi mai tushe. Suna daɗaɗa ƙanshi mai daɗi, amma da ƙanshi mai daɗi da kamshi, mai kama da ƙanshin 'ya'yan itatuwa Citrus. Sabili da irin kamshi da kamshin furanni ne ake kiran tsire-tsire kuma ana kiran jasmine orange.

Muraiya tana da gashin kanta, 'yan kwanaki bayan furen fure, wasu fruitan itacen-berry a madadinsu, fatar jikinta ta zama ja-gora yayin da take toka. Ana iya cin berries daga shuka: ƙanshinsu yana da dadi.