Monstera - kulawa ta gida, nau'in hoto da iri

Monstera (Monstera) - Ana samun babban tsiro na fure mai kayan ado tare da katsewa da yanke manyan ganye a gidaje, gidaje, ofisoshi da ɗakunan karatu.. Monstera yana jawo hankalin mutum tare da bayyanar sa ta asali da kuma unpretentiousness. An fassara sunan ta daga Latin kamar "m", kuma yana da wuya a yi jayayya da wannan.

Monstera babban birni ne mai ɗaukar hoto daga dangin Aroid. Kasarta ita ce yankuna na daidaituwa na Kudancin da Tsakiyar Amurka: Panama, Brazil, Mexico, Guatemala, Costa Rica.

Dankin yana da kauri mai kauri tare da tushen danshi. Matasa ganye akan dogayen petioles duka duka ne, fata ga taɓawa. Bayan haka, ramummuka da ramuka daban-daban siffofi da girma suna bayyana a kansu. Launi na farantin ganye mai launin shuɗi ne, akwai nau'ikan launuka iri-iri. Inflorescence babban cob ne da aka rufe shi da mayafi. Blooms da wuya.

A cikin yanayin gida, monstera ya girma zuwa mita 2-4, kuma menene za a iya cimma shi cikin shekaru 4-5. Domin shekara guda fitowar 2-3 zanen gado. Tsammani na rayuwa shine shekaru 10 ko fiye.

M Properties na monstera

Manyan ganyayyaki na monstera suna haɓaka ƙwayar oxygen da haɓaka gumi, wanda hakan yana tasiri da microclimate a cikin ɗakin.

Dankin yana daukar iska mai kaifin kazari da iskar lantarki, kuma yake kunna iska.

An yi imani da cewa Monstera da kyau yana shafar tsarin juyayi kuma yana ƙarfafa tsarin rigakafi.

Kula da dodo a gida. A takaice

Kula da dodo a gida. Daki-daki

Kulawa na gida na Monstera baya buƙatar sosai. A inji shi ne quite unpretentious. Koyaya, don samun kyakkyawan sakamako na ado daga gare ta, yakamata kuyi ƙoƙarin kawo yanayin tsarewa kusa da yanayin halitta wanda yake girma a cikin daji.

Gudun monstera

Monstera inflorescence ne mai kauri, cylindrical cob, har zuwa 25 cm tsayi, an lullube shi a murfin. Ya yi kama da blooming na calla lilies ko spathiphyllum. Furanni suna bisexual a sama, kuma bakararre a gindi. 'Ya'yan itãcen sun yi kama da cob masara, har zuwa 25 cm tsayi.

Suna dandanawa kamar abarba ko banana. Flowering kayan ado ba.

A cikin yanayin dakin, kawai manyan, tsire-tsire masu girma, bayan haka yana da matukar wuya.

Yanayin Zazzabi

Monstera yana son zafi. A lokacin bazara, zazzabi mafi kyau a gare shi shine digiri 20-25. Tare da karanta ma'aunin zafin jiki sama da digiri 27, yana da mahimmanci don tabbatar da babban zafi na iska. A cikin hunturu, tsire-tsire yana jin dadi a digiri 16-18. Idan ma'aunin zafi da sanyio ya kasa da 16 (yana iya jure ɗumbin zafin jiki na har zuwa digiri 10) - adinin ya daina girma. A wannan yanayin, yana da muhimmanci a rage shayarwa.

Musamman a cikin kaka-hunturu lokacin, ya kamata a kiyaye fure daga zane-zane da canje-canje kwatsam a zazzabi.

Fesa

Monstera a gida fi son babban zafi. Hakanan yana canja wurin bushewa na ɗan gajeren lokaci, amma zai ji mafi yawan dacewa lokacin da gumi ba ya ƙasa da 60%.

Dankin ya amsa da kyau ga spraying. Ana aiwatar da hanya a kowace rana, kuma a babban zazzabi - kullun, tare da zazzage ko ruwa mai tsafta a zazzabi a ɗakin.

Daga lokaci zuwa lokaci, an goge faranti da ƙura tare da daskararren zane.

Haske

Monstera yana son kyawawan haske mai kyau, amma ba tare da hasken rana kai tsaye ba. Mafi kyawun wurin shine windowsill ko gabas. A gefen kudu, ya fi kyau a sanya tukunya a kusa da taga don guje wa ƙonewa a cikin ganyayyaki.

An yi imanin cewa dodo na gida yana jure inuwa da kyau kuma yana iya girma a bayan ɗakin. Wannan ba gaskiya bane. Kodayake shuka ba zai mutu a ƙarƙashin irin wannan yanayi ba, zai rasa tasirin kayan ado: tushe zai iya shimfiɗa ganyayyaki kuma zai murƙushe.

A cikin yanayin inuwa ko kuma inuwa mai juyi, ana ba da shawarar dodo ya haskaka da fitilar fitila, ko fitila mai haske, shirya shi hasken rana na awa 12.

Watse

A cikin lokacin bazara-bazara, monstera yana buƙatar yawan shayarwa, musamman a yanayin zafi. Tafinto na gaba ya zama dole da zaran topsoil ta bushe. A cikin hunturu, yawan ruwa yana raguwa: substrate a cikin tukunya ya bushe ta by.

Shuka ba ya yarda da duka bushewar ƙasa, da kuma yawanta. Na farko shine yaudarar da asarar ganye da bushewar iyakar su, na biyu tare da jujjuya tushen tsarin da kamuwa da cuta na tushe.

Dankalin Dankali

Girman tukunya ya dogara da girman shuka. Tun da monstera yana da babban tushen tsarin, tukunya ya zama mai ƙarfin wuta, mai zurfi da karko. Don samfuran manya, kuna buƙatar kulawa da manyan tukwane ko kuma tubuna na katako.

Lokacin dasawa, yana da kyau a zaɓi tukunyar da zata kasance mafi girma cm cm 5 cm fiye da na baya. M kasancewar ramuka a ciki.

Kasa don monstera

Monstera a gida ya fi son sako-sako, ƙasa mai-daɗi wanda ke sha danshi kuma ya ba iska iska izinin wucewa. Kuna iya siyan siyar da kantin sayar da dodo ko dabino.

Idan zaka iya shirya cakuda da kanka, zaka iya zaɓar ɗayan zaɓuɓɓukan:

• Sod ƙasar, peat, humus, yashi da takarda ƙasa a cikin rabo na 3: 1: 1: 1: 1;
• Peat, takarda ƙasa da yashi mai laushi ko laɓe (1: 2: 1);
• Sod ƙasar, peat, humus da yashi daidai gwargwado.

Cakuda da kansa da aka shirya yana da mahimmanci don shafewa tare da raunin bayani na potassiumgangan.

Taki da taki

Matasa na zamani na monstera basa buƙatar ƙarin abinci mai gina jiki. Ya kamata a hadi da manya a cikin lokacin girma da ci gaba (daga Maris zuwa Satumba) sau ɗaya a kowane mako 2-3. Cikakken takin zamani na tsire-tsire masu ƙwari sun dace.

1-2 sau a kakar, ana iya canza miya da ma'adinin tare da kwayoyin, alal misali, mullein bayani.

Monstera dasawa

An ba da shawarar a watsa dabbar yaro kowane shekara a cikin bazara, samfuran manya - sau ɗaya kowace shekara 2-4. Idan dasawa ba zai yiwu ba saboda girman girman shuka, ana bada shawara don maye gurbin saman (5-7 cm) ƙasa ƙasa kowace shekara.

Sauyawa mafi yawa ana aiwatar dashi ta hanyar natsuwa don kar a lalata tushen mai saurin lalacewa. Tushen mai ƙasa ba a datsa ba, amma an aika shi zuwa ƙasa, sannan kuma yayyafa shi da ƙasa. A kasan tukunyar, yana da muhimmanci a sanya dunƙule 4-5 cm domin a guji acidation na duniya. A cikin ingancinsa, ana iya amfani da pebbles, tubalin da aka fashe, yumɓu mai yumɓu.

Mai jan tsami

Furen fure mai tsinka baya buƙatar yin girki na yau da kullun ko kambin kamfani a gida. Idan ya cancanta, datsa tsohuwar bushe ganye, wannan yana ƙarfafa ci gaban sabbin harbe.

Idan monstera tana da tsawo, ko kuma kawai kuna so ta ta da sabbin kayan sawa, zaku iya datsa saman bishiyar.

Tunda dutsen monstera itacen zaitun ne don kada ya karye, yana da mahimmanci a samar mata da tallafi. Zai iya zama bamboo ko sanda na yau da kullun. Ana iya nannade tallafin tare da rigar gansakuka da bushewa lokaci-lokaci Wannan zai samar da shuka da danshi. Kaƙƙarfan ƙwayar baya ba a haɗe shi da tallafi tare da taimakon igiya.

Shin zai yiwu a bar dodo ba tare da barin sa ba? Me za ayi idan a hutu?

Monstera na iya jure rashin kulawa na tsawon makonni 3-4. Kafin barin, ya kamata ku shayar da shuka mai yalwa, saka shi a cikin tire tare da daskararre gurnani ko yumɓu da aka faɗaɗa don ƙasa ba ta taɓa ruwan ba. Za'a iya rufe saman ƙasa da rigar moss kuma a samar da shading daga rana.

Kiwo na Monstera

Monstera yana yadawa a gida a cikin manyan hanyoyi guda biyu: ta hanyar yanke da huda iska.

Monstera yaduwa ta hanyar yanke

Monstera yana yaduwa ta hanyar apical da tushe mai kara. Mafi kyawun lokacin shine bazara, farkon lokacin bazara.

Yakamata shank yakamata ya zama a kalla sau daya a cikin ganye da kuma tsufa (kamar yadda ya kamata 2-3). Akwai maraba da farkon tushen iska Short yanke tushen sauri. Yankin babba ya kamata ya zama kai tsaye sama da koda, ƙananan - oblique, 1-1.5 cm ƙasa da tushe na takardar.

Yankuna suna bushe na awa daya, sannan a dasa a cikin cakuda peat tare da perlite. Akwatin an rufe shi da polyethylene ko kuma gilashin gilashi kuma an sanya shi cikin ingantaccen mai haske (amma ba tare da hasken rana kai tsaye ba) da kuma dumi (digiri 24-26). Ana yin iska mai tsami a kai a kai, kuma ana kiyaye ƙasa sosai. Lokacin da sabon ganye ya bayyana a kan hannun, ana jujjuya shi cikin tukunyar mutum a cikin ƙasa mai ɗorewa.

Za'a iya aiwatar da rooting din a ruwa, ƙara tabletsan alluna na carbon wanda aka kunna a ciki. Bayan makonni 2-3, bayan bayyanar Tushen, ana shuka ciyawar a wuri mai ɗorewa.

Tsarin Monstera ta hanyar farawa

A farfajiya da haushi daga cikin tushe, ana yin dunƙule a ƙasa gindin ganye, ba ƙasa da 60 cm daga saman ƙasa ba. An lullube wurin da abun da ke ciki da rigar moss kuma ana ci gaba da kasancewa da danshi Bayan 'yan makonni, ya kamata a samo ƙananan Tushen a wurin da aka lalata. Kara an yanka centan santimita a ƙasa da tushen nan kuma ana shuka shi cikin tukunya.

Don haka an kafa cikakkiyar hanyar samari cikakke. Kuma tsire "uwar" zai saki sabon harbe a gefe.

Cutar da kwari

Sakamakon kulawa da ba ta dace ba, kwari da cututtuka wasu lokuta kan yi awon gaba da monstera. Anan akwai yiwuwar matsaloli da dalilan su:

• Tushen Monstera rot - acidification na kasar gona saboda yawan ban ruwa.
• Ganye Monstera sun zama rawaya - increasedara yawan zafin jiki na sama ko danshi a cikin ƙasa.
• Monstera yana girma a hankali - karancin haske da / ko ma'adanai.
• Ganyayyaki marasa kan gado - karancin haske da / ko abubuwan gina jiki.
• Ganyen Monstera suna da launin ruwan kasa, busassun bushewa - ƙarancin zafi a cikin ɗakin.
• Brown spots a cikin ganyayyaki - temperaturearancin zafin jiki da / ko ƙonewa saboda hasken rana kai tsaye.
• Monstera na kodadde ganye - karin wuce haddi.
• Leavesarshen ganye ya juya ya zama rawaya ya faɗi - Tsarin halitta na girma da girma na fure.
• Afwararar Lea becomea ta zama kamar-takarda da launin ruwan kasa. - karamin tukunya.
• Ganyayyaki sun lalace - shayar da ruwa mai wuya.

Daga cikin kwari, da gizo-gizo mite, scutellum da aphid na iya yin barazana ga monstera.

Nau'in monstera na gida tare da hotuna da sunaye

Mai jan hankali ko Gilashi Monstera (Monstera deliciosa)

A cikin ɗakuna yana girma zuwa mita 3, a cikin gidajen kore - har zuwa m 12. Ganyayyaki matasa na nau'i mai kama da zuciya suna da gefuna masu kauri, manya - an watsa su da ramuka. Zurfin daga cikin farantin ganye ya kai cm 60. Wani inflorescence-cob, mai kusan 25 cm tsawo, yana kewaye da farin mayafin mayafi. 'Ya'yan itacen suna yin fure bayan watanni 10; yana kama da abarba a dandano da ƙanshi.

Monstera oblique (Monstera Obliqua)

Duk ganye, an rufe su da manyan ramuka, suna da lanceolate ko siffar elliptical. Sun kai tsawon cm 20, faɗin faɗin cm 6 Tsawon petiole ya kai cm 13. halfaya daga cikin rabin farantin ganye yana da girma fiye da ɗaya. Saboda haka sunan jinsunan. Inflorescence ƙananan ne, har zuwa 4 cm tsayi.

Monstera Adanson (monstera adansonii)

A tsayi, zai iya kaiwa mita 8. Ganyayyaki na bakin ciki suna da tsari mara kyau tare da manyan ramuka, gefuna ba su disse. Tsawon farantin ganye na iya bambanta daga 25 zuwa 55 cm, faɗin shine 20-40 cm .. Kunnen, tsawon 8-12 cm, an kewaye shi da shimfidar gado mai rawaya mai haske.

Monstera Borsigiana (monstera borsigiana)

Stemsan itace da ke da bakin ciki fiye da na dodanni mara kyau. Ya yankan faranti masu siffar zuciya tare da nisan da ya kai cm 30 Launi - kore mai duhu. Akwai iri tare da variegated foliage. Misali, Monstera Borzig variegate.