Philodendron - kulawa ta gida, jinsin tare da hotuna da sunaye

Philodendron tsirrai ne, mai tsufa a cikin iyalin Aroid. Homelandasar mahaifin philodendron shine yankuna na Kudancin Amurka. A cikin yanayinmu, ana amfani da philodendron don dalilai na kayan ado kuma an girma a cikin gidaje, ginin ofis da ginin gidaje.

Partasan da ke ƙasa na shuka zai iya haɓaka ta hanyar itacen inabi ko ciyawa. Tare da shekaru, tushe wasu nau'ikan an daidaita su kuma zasu iya girma ba tare da tallafi ba. A wuraren internodes akwai tushen iska da yawa waɗanda ke ba da wadatar abinci da haɗe da tallafi. Tsarin cutar kyanda yana da kwanciyar hankali, wanda yake a sama. Tsarin Leaf da launi sun bambanta sosai dangane da iri-iri.

Amfani mai kyau na philodendron

An sanya shi a cikin jerin tsire-tsire da ke da tasiri sosai ga microclimate a cikin rufaffiyar mazaunin da wuraren masana'antu. Mahimman samfuran philodendron suna ba da gudummawa ga tsarkake iska daga formaldehydes da sauran abubuwa masu cutarwa, suna da kaddarorin phytoncidal.

Shuka tsire-tsire na sa ƙwanƙwasa zuciya, ƙananan hawan jini, haɓaka yanayi, haɓaka aiki da rigakafi.

Kula da philodendron a gida. A takaice

Kula da philodendron a gida. Daki-daki

Zazzakarwa philodendron

Ba duk irin nau'in philodendron ba ne har ma a ƙarƙashin yanayin gida mai kyau, mafi yawan lokuta wannan yana faruwa a cikin gidajen katako. A shuka iya ba daga 1 to 11 inflorescences. Kyakkyawan fure guda na fure a gida ba zai iya haifar da zuriya ba, ana buƙatar fitar da pollin don takin ta. A inflorescence ne cob da aka goyan bayan wani ɗan gajeren fatar, wanda aka cakuda ta cream ko inuwa mai ɗan inuwa.

Furanni na Philodendron basu da ƙimar kayan ado na musamman. An shirya gabobin haihuwa a cikin tsari mai zuwa: a saman - namiji, ɓangaren tsakiya - furanni masu bakararre, a ƙasa - mace. Tunda ayyukan furanni masu yawa a cikin inflorescence bai zo daya cikin lokaci ba, hadi yana buƙatar yin saurin ɗaukar furanni daga ɗa namiji na wani inflorescence wanda ya girma a lokacin da ya dace.

Don pollination, a tsaye cob din ya durƙusa ya fito daga ƙarƙashin murfin, sannan ya koma matsayin da ya gabata kuma murfin ya rufe shi gaba ɗaya. Samuwar tayi da tumatir (bishiyar m) zata iya wucewa har shekara guda. Tsaba kadan ne kuma ana amfani dasu galibi don dalilai na kiwo.

Yanayin Zazzabi

Duk da asalinsa na yanayin zafi, gida philodendron yana jin mafi kyawun yanayin zafi mai dumin yanayi, daga +20 zuwa + 25 ° C. Yawan zafi zai iya cutar da yanayin ganyayyaki da kuma bayyanar da shuka.

A cikin hunturu, ana saukar da zafin jiki sama da digiri 2-3, amma ba ƙasa da + 15 ° C, don kada ya tsokani cigaban hanyoyin lalata. Kawai wasu nau'ikan sauƙin daidaitawa zuwa zazzabi na + 12-13 ° C, dakatar da haɓaka da haɓaka.

Fesa

Duk da rashin daidaituwarsa, philodendron yana buƙatar kulawa da gida, yana tabbatar da kiyaye ingantaccen zafi (kusan kashi 70%) da zazzabi mai kwalliya. Ana amfani da hanyoyin gargajiya don ƙara zafi: fesawa daga kwalban fesa, hura wutar lantarki, sanya kwantena tare da ruwa ko daskararren ciyayi kusa da shuka. Karku riƙe tukunya kusa da murhun wuta da radiators.

Anyi shawarar sau 1-2 a mako don fesa ganye philodendron tare da kyakkyawan fesa ko shafa su da wani datti. A cikin turɓayar, ganye mai bushe, musayar iska yana da matukar rauni, don haka ɗumi mai ɗumi yana da matukar mahimmanci.

Haske

Wasu nau'ikan philodendron zasu iya girma har ma a ƙarƙashin hasken iskar wucin gadi da kuma a cikin inuwa, amma don samun lafiya, manyan ganye, kuna buƙatar ɗakuna masu haske ba tare da tsawaita lokacin hasken rana kai tsaye ba. Yawancin nau'o'in suna buƙatar ƙarin hasken rana.

Watse

Tsarin tsire-tsire mai ƙauna yana buƙatar kulawa da ƙasa na ɗan ƙasa a cikin ɗan ƙaramin rigar, amma ba tare da ambaliya da ruwa ba. Ruwa na philodendron ana yin shi tare da tsaftataccen ruwa a zazzabi a ɗakuna yayin da ƙasa ke bushewa.

Spraying da watering ba a za'ayi a low zazzabi da sanyi, ruwa mai wuya.

Philodendron Dankali

Thearar ganga yakamata ta kasance cewa tushen tsarin yana nan da yardar rai ba ya lanƙwasa. Girmanta a kowane dasawa yana ƙaruwa da kashi 15-20%. Idan aka zaɓi ƙasa don fure daidai, tukunyar zata iya zama filastik da yumbu.

Ilasa don philodendron

Ana zubar da matattarar ruwa zuwa gindin dasa, sannan kuma m, sako-sako, tare da ƙasa mai musayar iska, da samun tsaka tsaki ko ɗan ɗanɗano acidic. Zai fi kyau ka sayi kayan da aka gama, amma zaka iya shirya cakuda kanka:

• 2 sassan peat;
• 2 sassan ƙasa turf;
• 1 bangare humus;
• 1/2 bangare na yashi.

Don haɓaka metabolism na ruwa, an ƙara haushi, gansakuka ko gawayi.

Taki da taki

A cikin lokacin bazara-bazara, ciyar da philodendron ana aiwatar da shi aƙalla sau 2 a wata tare da takaddun takaddun ciyawa don furanni masu ƙyalli bisa ga umarnin masana'anta. Idan shuka yana da kyakkyawar bayyanar da launi mai tsananin gaske, za a iya rage yawan tattarawar don hana rufe ido.

Kuna iya inganta abinci mai gina jiki ta ƙara soilan ƙasa mai dausayi a tukunya ba tare da dasa shuka ba.

Juyin Philodendron

Perennial philodendron a gida yana haɓaka sosai, yana ƙara kowace shekara har zuwa 60cm riba a cikin sassan iska. Tare da shi, tushen tushen yana haɓaka, wanda ke cika ɗaukar tukunya.

Don ci gaban al'ada da ci gaba Tsararren tsire-tsire ana dasa shi sau ɗaya a kowace shekara 2-3, matasa - kamar yadda suke girma. Alamar aiwatar da aiki na iya zama matsayin sa. Mafi kyawun lokacin dasa shine Fabrairu - Maris.

Mai jan tsami

Don ƙirƙirar m, katako daji na siffar da ake so, ana yin pruning. Domin kada ya cutar da shuka, dole a kiyaye wasu ka'idoji:

• Ana yin pruning a farkon bazara tare da wuka mai tsagewa;
• sanya yanke da aka yayyafa da baƙin ƙarfe;
• an yanke kara a tsayi na akalla 40 cm a cikin yanki tsakanin nodes;
• lafiya tushen tushen bada shawarar.

Ana fitar da ganyen da ya bushe da kuma ganyen magabacin philodendron, da kuma sassan da suka ji rauni kamar yadda ake gano shi.

Lokacin hutawa

Bayar da rashi na halitta yawanci yakan faru ne a watan Disamba, kodayake philodendron bashi da lokacin hutu da aka ambata. A cikin kaka, yawan sha da saman miya an rage hankali, kuma daga Disamba zuwa ƙarnin ƙarshe na Janairu, ba sa ciyar da komai.

Girma philodendron daga tsaba

Wannan tsari ne mai tsawo, tunda kawai a ƙarshen farkon shekarar daga ƙaramar tsaba farkon ganye na gaskiya zai bayyana:

• Ana shuka tsaba a matsayin ba wuya a sako-sako, ƙasa mai laushi zuwa zurfin 0.5 cm.
• An rufe akwati tare da fim ɗin zahiri ko gilashi kuma an canja shi zuwa wuri mai haske, mai dumi.
• Kafin seedlings ya bayyana, daidaita amfanin gona yau da kullun kuma saka idanu danshi ƙasa.
• Harbi zai bayyana a makonni 6-8.
• Shuke seedlings ana shuka su cikin tukwane daban.

Sake bugun Philodendron

Hanya mafi sauki kuma mafi sauri ta hanyar shuka itace daga gabobin tsire-tsire:

Farfagandar ta yanke

An yanke yankan daga firam na philodendron tushe, harbe a kai ko babban tushe, yana barin biyu internodes. Dasa a cikin kananan tukwane, pre-soaked ga 10-12 hours a cikin wani bayani da mai stimulator tushen samuwar (Epin). Yayyafa da ƙasa mai laushi Layer na 1.0-1.5 cm kuma amfani da jaka mai haske shirya greenhouse. Ana kiyaye damar a cikin wuri mai haske, mai dumin zafi tsawon makonni 3-4, a lokaci-lokaci ana shayarwa da kuma samun iska. Lokacin da cuttings fara girma, suna dasa cikin tukwane looser.

Har sai an kirkiro tushen, ana iya adon itacen a cikin ruwa, amma akwai haɗarin lalata su.

Yaduwa ta hanyar farawa

An nuna ƙwannan jarrabawar a cikin wurare da yawa tare da nuna alama zuwa sabon ƙasa mai laushi kuma an kula da ita har tsawon watanni 1-2. Bayan dasawa, an sare harbin gunduwa-gunduwa kuma an dasa shi cikin tukwane daban.

Cutar da kwari

Philodendron ya daina yin girma idan aka cika ƙasa mai nauyi, gurɓacewa, raguwar ruwa sau da yawa siffofin, ban ruwa an yi shi da ruwa mai wuya, kuma zazzabi ɗakin yana ƙasa. Wadannan da sauran matsaloli na fitowa nan da nan ana nuna su a cikin yanayin waje na shuka:

• Ganyen Philodendron ya zama rawaya tare da wuce haddi da rashin abinci mai gina jiki. Yellowinge ƙananan ƙananan ganye shine tsarin halitta na halitta na tsufa.
• A saman philodendron yayi ƙanana da ɗanɗano. tare da karancin haske.
• Saukad da kan tukwici na ganye Alamar alama ce ga zafi mai yawa a cikin ɗakin, suna cire ruwa mai yawa, amma ba alama ce ta rashin lafiya ba.
• Leavesasan ganye na philodendron ya faɗi, babba kuma ya zama ƙarami a cikin karamin haske. Idan da farko za su juya kuma su juya launin ruwan kasa, wannan wataƙila sakamakon zazzabi mai zafi sosai.
• Hanyoyin ganye an rufe su da launin ruwan kasa. a sanadiyyar hauhawar jini da ƙurar ƙasa.

• Maganar philodendron rots tare da cutar cuta, wanda za'a iya lalacewa ta hanyar ƙarancin iska da yawan shayarwa.
• Filalin Philodendron ya bushe tare da rashin abinci mai ma'adinai, haske. Hakanan kwanciya na iya faruwa tare da dogon lokaci zuwa hasken rana kai tsaye.

• Brown spots a cikin ganyayyaki - Wannan shine mafi yawan kunar rana a jiki.
• Ganyen philodendron ya bushe lokacin da ake fama da rashin danshi.

Babban karin kwari:

• Aphids. Garuruwanta sun zauna a kan tsiro kuma suna ciyar da tsiro. A sakamakon haka, shuka ta daina girma.
• Scaffolds. Ganyayyaki da mai tushe an rufe su da tufkar launin ruwan fata, wanda zai iya juyawa ya zama wata itaciya ta ci gaba.
• Thrips. Asirin waɗannan kwari suna rufe ganyayyaki tare da m mai rufi.
• Spider mite. Yanar gizo na bakin ciki ya bayyana a cikin axils na ganye.

Don magance kwari, ana amfani da maganin sabulu, kuma a lokuta masu wahala, shirye-shiryen sunadarai (Actelik, Aktara). Lokacin da gizo-gizo gizo gizo yake bayyana, ƙara zafi da ƙara yawan zafin jiki.

Nau'in Philodendron

Fiye da nau'ikan nau'in philodendron 300 an san su. Mafi sau da yawa, kawai wani sashi daga cikinsu yana girma a ɗaka. Sun bambanta sosai a cikin siffar ganye, launi da tsarin daji:

Hawan hawa ko Cloing Philodendron

Yana da yawa ivy philodendron. Sunan da aka karɓa na dogon tsayi, na bakin ciki, sanye take da tushen sa da yawa, wanda ya inganta daga axils na ganye. Tare da taimakonsu, hanyoyin tserewa ko hawa tare da tallafi a nesa na 4-6 m.

Launi na ganyayyaki duhu koren kore ne ko kore tare da hasken inclusions, tsarin yana da yawa, fata, ƙirar yana da kama da zuciya, aka nuna shi a cikin koli. Ganyayyaki sun kai tsawon 15 cm, nisa na cm 10. Mai ba da fassara, mai sauƙin kulawa, mai tsayayya da yanayin girma mai wahala. Rumor ya ambata Philodendron ya wulakanta miji.

Philodendron blushing

Tsawon tsinken tsiron da ya girma zai iya kaiwa zuwa 1.5-1.8 m, ba reshe ba, creeper creeps yana amfani da tushen tushe. Ganyen suna da girma, har zuwa 25 cm tsayi, tsallake, tsaka, tsauri, koren duhu a launi da launin ruwan hoda. Ganyen yana haɗe zuwa tushe tare da dogo mai tsayi. Matasa harbe da ganyayyaki masu launin shuɗi-mai launin shuɗi a cikin launi, tare da shekarunsu sun sami wani launi mai launi, kuma ɓangaren ɓangaren kara yana juyawa zuwa madaidaicin katako. Dankin yana jin daɗi a cikin inuwa.

Philodendron cello ko bicopus ko sau biyu-pinnate

Ya bambanta a cikin itace-kamar tushe wanda aka rufe da scaly recesses na haske launi daga petioles na ganye ganye. Kara yana madaidaici, zai iya kaiwa tsawon mita 2 ko fiye. Farantin ganye yana da fadi (40-80 cm), mai wucewa, zuwa kashi cirbes. Ya danganta da yanayin tsarewar, launin yana daga haske zuwa kore mai duhu.

Siffar-dimbin yawa

Kara ne mai itacen inabi mai canzawa, yana buƙatar tallafi koyaushe. Farantin takardar mai kauri ne, yayi kama da kibiya. Tsawon ganyayyaki na iya isa 40 cm, launin yana da haske kore tare da launin toka mai launin toka.

Philodendron baƙar fata na fata ko Andre

Wannan itacen inabi mai ƙarfi ne mai tsayi, har zuwa 60 cm, ganye mai duhu mai duhu tare da farin jijiya. Tarancin farin ƙarfe mai baƙar fata yana ba da shuka asalinsa. Abun kallo ya dace da ado ɗakuna tare da ingantaccen haske mai cikakken haske.