Girma itacen apple daga zuriya (iri) har ma reshe aiki ne mai wahala, tsari yana da tsayi kuma mai haɗari. Abubuwan mayya na iya zama ba mai daɗi da daɗi kamar na asalin itace ba. Za'a iya samun ingancin 'ya'yan itaciyar kawai bayan girbin farko, kimanin shekaru 5-15 bayan dasawa.
Itace Apple
Don girma itacen apple mai inganci daga zuriya, ya zama dole don ɗaukar kayan dasa abubuwa na iri daban-daban domin a sami kyakkyawan zaɓi tsakanin shuki.
Idan an yi komai daidai, to, itacen da ya girma na iya ba da 'ya'ya na shekaru 40 kuma suna farin ciki tare da' ya'yan itatuwa masu ɗumi-daɗi. Hakanan zaka iya girma karamin itaciya, kullun yana toshe saman da yanke sauran rassan, zaka samu bishiyar karamar apple mai ban sha'awa don karamin lambu.
Yadda za a zabi zuriya don girma?
Abubuwan da aka zaɓa da kyau don dasa sune farkon matakin girma zuwa itacen apple. Kuna iya siyan su a cikin shagon sayar da kayan lambu na musamman ko tattara daga tsarin lambun ku. Tsaba yakamata ya kasance mai yawan gaske, mai girma, tare da launin ruwan kasa mai duhu har ma da canza launin fata ta yadda babu ko ƙyallen ƙuraje da sauran lalacewa, don haka wajibi ne don cire su daga 'ya'yan itacen a hankali.
Matakan mataki-mataki mataki don shirya kayan dasa kafin saukowa:
- Kurkura kashe babban murfin, wanda ya rikitar da saurin saurin saurin. Don yin wannan, sanya tsaba a cikin ruwan dumi tsawon minti 10. Zai fi kyau amfani da cokali na katako don kada ku lalata ƙasusuwa.
- Jiƙa kayan dasa a cikin ruwa a ɗakin zafin jiki na kwana huɗu, ya bar shi a cikin wurin dumi. Kuna iya zuba mai kara kuzari na ci gaban tushen (sodium humate, Epin) a cikin kwandon.
- Tsintsiya madaidaiciya shine tsari mai wuya. Don yin wannan, sanya tsaba a cikin abin da yashi tare da yashi da peat (ɓangare ɗaya na tsaba da sassa uku na yashi da peat). All mix, moisturize. Tabbatar cewa ƙwayayen ba sa taɓa juna, saboda idan ɗayansu ya ruɓe, to cutar za ta iya yadu zuwa ɗayan. Ana iya maye gurbin Peat tare da kwakwalwan katako. Don hana ci gaban ƙirar, ana iya ƙara carbon karar da aka kunna a cikin ruwan. A ciki, barin tsaba apple saboda wani kwanaki 6-7. A wannan lokacin, kasusuwa suna yankewa da kyau, bayan sun buƙaci sanya su a cikin firiji don watanni 2.
Fasaha don girma apples daga zuriya
Girma tuffa daga dutse ba sauki:
- Don yin wannan, ɗauki babban akwati ko akwati tare da ramuka don ruwan ɗumi.
- Ana zuba magudanar ruwa a cikin ƙasa. Tsarin malalewa na iya haɗawa da ruwan teku da kogin rami, yumɓu da aka faɗaɗa, tubalin da ya karye, kuma yakamata ƙasa ta zama ƙasa mai baƙar fata, mai hazaka, sannan dukkanin abubuwan gina jiki da abubuwan abubuwan ganowa zasu isa ga harbe-harbe.
- Bayan sun fantsama ƙasa daga wurin dasa bishiyar shuka.
- Ga kowane kilogiram na 8-10 na ƙasa, ana zubar da ƙarin takin, wanda ya ƙunshi superphosphate 25 g, ash 250 g da potassium 20. g Bayan haka, an zaɓi mafi kyawun ƙarfi da mafi girma daga zuriyar ƙyallen kuma an sanya shi cikin akwati zuwa zurfin 15 mm, ana shayar da yalwa. An sanya akwati a cikin wani wuri mai kyau ta hasken rana, zai fi dacewa a gefen kudu.
- Bayan harbe-harbe na farko sun bayyana a gida, ana shuka su cikin kwalaye mafi fadi ko kuma nan da nan a cikin ƙasa buɗe.
Yanayin dasa shuki
Nisa tsakanin layuka kusan 15 cm, kuma tsakanin abu mai dasa 3 cm, zurfin - 2.5 cm.
Needsasa tana buƙatar yalwa, amma ana shayar da ita a hankali.
Lokacin da aka kafa wata ganye biyu akan harbe, ana iya shuka su, kuma yana da kyau a cire harbe mai rauni nan da nan da bishiyun apple apple. Bambance-bambancen da suke da shi daga na ɗan ɗabi'a shi ne cewa suna da ƙananan ganye masu haske da ƙayayuwa a kan kara. A cikin 'ya'yan itace - ganye mai duhu duhu, an ɗan saukar da shi ƙasa, gefen yana mai lankwasa. Babu ƙaya da kuma kashin baya a kan akwati, ana sanya kodan da ƙima. Bayan dasawa, nisa tsakanin tafiyar matakai ya zama 10 cm.
Kowace shekara mai zuwa, kwandon shuka yana buƙatar ƙara haɓaka, yayin da tushen tushe ke girma. Ya kamata a shayar da shi akai-akai, guje wa bayyanar busasshen itacen ɓawon burodi, ba tare da ruwa ba, itacen zai mutu ko ya daina girma. Ya isa ruwa sau ɗaya a mako.
A matsayin babban riguna don ƙaramin itacen apple, potash da takin phosphorus za su tafi, to ganye zai daina haɓaka kuma itacen zai yi kyau sosai.
Ba za ku iya amfani da ƙari ga ƙwayoyin halitta ba, tun da kamuwa da ƙwayar cuta na iya haɓaka daga gare su, ko kuma tsire-tsire zai sami ƙonewa mai zafi, ya fi kyau maye gurbin irin takin mai magani tare da humus. Kafin babban miya, yana da daraja kwance ƙasa da kuma shayar da shi sosai.
Bude dashi
Yawancin lokaci ana sa ɗan itacen ɓawon itacen apple a gida har tsawon shekaru 4, idan ba shi yiwuwa a juyar da shi ga gonar. Ana yin irin wannan juyawa a watan Afrilu ko a cikin fall, zai fi dacewa a farkon Satumba. Don daidaitawa da kwanciyar hankali, ya kamata ka zaɓi wurin da ya dace don saukowa.
Tun da itacen apple a farkon shekarun haɓaka yana haɓakawa ta hanyar tsarin tushe, yankin ya kamata ya zama babba. Wajibi ne yin la'akari da kasancewar ruwan karkashin kasa don su iya wuce zurfin aƙalla nisan mil 1 daga saman. Hanyar dasawa a cikin ƙasa yana kama da dasa shuki da aka sayi tsire-tsire daga cikin gandun daji.
Lokacin dasa shuki harbe a gadaje, indent tsakanin seedlings shine 25 cm, kuma tsakanin layuka - cm 15 Idan harbe suna da ƙarfi, to zaku iya dasa su nan da nan a cikin dindindin a kan filin lambun, idan akwai harbe mai rauni, ba da damar lokacin shuka a cikin akwati kuma kawai sai ku dasa a ciki bude ƙasa.
Akwai matakai uku zuwa dasawar itace:
- Daga cikin akwati inda iri ya tashi zuwa babban akwati;
- Bayan shekara ta girma, ana dasa shukar a cikin kwandon da ta fi girma;
- Saukowa a wuri na dindindin akan shafin. Ana yin wannan don itacen apple ya fara kawo amfanin gona a baya.
Bayan kowace juyawa, itaciyar ya kamata a shayar da shi sosai kuma a kwance ƙasa a kusa da asalinsu.
Yaya za a yi girma itacen apple daga reshe tare da hannuwanku?
Girma itacen apple daga reshe yana da sauƙi fiye da girma daga zuriya, amma har yanzu akwai tsare-tsaren yanayi da yanayi don shuka irin bishiyar. Hanya mafi sauki ana ɗauka ta zama hanyar jari - lokacin da aka keɓance reshen itace na itacen apple. Alurar riga kafi ne da za'ayi a ƙarshen bazara da kuma bazara.
Ana samun 'yan' ya'yan itace a cikin bazara: layering (digging), keɓaɓɓun filayen ko bushewa da kayan itace.
Maimaitawa
Idan aka zaɓi hanyar yaduwa ta hanyar yin farashi, to, an nuna itacen ɓawon itacen apple, wanda aka dasa a faɗuwar a kwana, rassan sa dole ne su kasance tare da ƙasa. Abubuwan da aka zaɓa suna da tabbaci a ƙasa tare da baka a wurare da yawa. Sabbin furanni sun fito daga buds a kan kara, a lokacin rani ana ruɗa su, ana shayar dasu kuma an yayyafa shi da sabuwar ƙasa. Hanyar tana da kyau ga wuraren da ke da yanayin bushewa da ruwan sama mai wuya.
A cikin kaka, zaka iya samun kyawawan tsire-tsire, amma ya kamata a yanke su daga shuka uwar kawai bazara mai zuwa. Bayan rabu da harbe da aka liƙa, kuna buƙatar dasa su a cikin dindindin wuri a gonar.
Amma wannan hanyar ba ta dace da samun seedlings daga tsoffin bishiyoyi ba.
Sama kwance
Wannan ita ce hanya mafi inganci kuma mafi sauƙi ta yaduwar bishiyar apple. Kyakkyawan reshe don kwanciya yana ba da tabbacin ingancin itacen gaba. Babu rassa a kan kyakkyawan harbi; itacen apple yakamata ya yi girma a gefen kyakkyawan shinge na gonar kuma ya kasance cikakkiyar lafiya. Yankunan rassan biennial masu dacewa a cikin diamita tare da fensir mai sauƙi.
Mataki-mataki umarnin:
- Zaɓi reshe mai ƙarfi, cire duk kodan daga ciki kuma yin zobe tare da cire haushi a gindin a kewayen kewayen akwati na santimita 2. Makeaura wurare da yawa, don haka a lokacin bushewar bushewar reshe ba zai firgita ba.
- Yada incion tare da mafita don motsa tushen tushe, alal misali, Kornevin.
- Kasuwancin dimi mai danshi tare da gansakuka, humus, takin, rassan spruce.
- Ruwa, amma cikin matsakaici.
- Bayan sanya jakar filastik a nesa girman dabino kusa da yanke ko kwalban filastik, kunsa ganga gaba ɗaya tare da tsofaffin jaridu.
Tare da wannan tsarin, Tushen ya fara girma. Don haka wannan ɓangaren harbi dole ne a raba shi da itacen apple kuma a dasa a cikin akwati don hunturu. A cikin bazara, cuttings suna da ban mamaki don dasa a cikin ƙasa buɗe.
Yankan
Mayu-Yuni ya dace wa tushen rooting da sprouting na harbe. Mataki-mataki-mataki:
- Da farko a yanka ganyen tare da ganye kimanin 35 cm (zai fi kyau da safe).
- Yanke tsakiyar tsakiyar tare da kodan biyu zuwa uku.
- Ana yin sashin ƙananan nan da nan a ƙarƙashin ƙodan, kuma babba na sama ya ɗan ƙara girma.
- Sanya akwati tare da kasar gona mai laushi da yashi mai yashi a sama a cikin ciyawar kore.
- Yanke don shuka a cikin ƙasa don santimita 2-3.
- Tare da rufe, a lokaci guda bude da kuma samun iska sau biyu a mako ta spraying da harbe.
Idan an dasa tushen a cikin kaka ko hunturu, to ana amfani da wasu hanyoyin:
- Rooting cikin ruwa.
- A gida a cikin akwati tare da ƙasa mai amfani ga kowane fure da ciyawa.
- A cikin jaka na filastik mai yawa, wanda a ciki aka yanke sashin ƙasa, ana yin buɗa ido cike da ƙasa.
- A cikin dankali: harbin ya makale a cikin kayan lambu kuma duk an haƙa shi ƙasa, an rufe shi da mashin daga bisa.
Duk waɗannan hanyoyin ya kamata su fara kafin a fara ruwan 'ya'yan itace a cikin itacen apple, watau, a cikin hunturu.
Yadda za a dasa guntun reshe?
Yana da mahimmanci cewa reshe da ya karye ya girma, aƙalla shekaru 1-2. Kada a lalata ɓarnar. Idan reshe ya yi tsawo, to yana buƙatar tsagewa a wurare biyu ko uku. Yankin yakamata yakamata ya fito kimanin tsawon 15-20 cm.
- Haɗa wurin mayafin a sanda tare da bandwid-Aid kuma bar shi har sai lokacin bazara ya zo.
- Cire wannan rigar da aka yi a gida a watan Maris ko Afrilu kuma a yanka reshe cikin rabi a wuraren hutu.
- Sanya harbe a cikin gilashin gilashi mai duhu a cikin ruwa mai narke tare da ƙara na 2 lita, ƙara gawayi da wuta kuma saka sill taga a cikin ɗakin.
- A cikin wata guda, ci gaban aiki na tushen zai fara, da zaran sun girma to 7 cm, dole ne a dasa su a cikin ƙasa a cikin gonar kuma, zai fi dacewa, a ƙarƙashin wani greenhouse. Don haka, ana aiwatar da hanyoyin da sauri don yanayin rashin damuwa.
- Ruwa mai yalwa.
Mr. Mazaunin rani yayi bayani: Takeauki reshe ko aka yanke?
Zai fi dacewa don haɓaka sabon itacen apple daga reshen da ya karye tare da diddige.
Wannan harbi yana da sauri don yin tushe, da farko an sanya abin fashewa, kuma bayan reshe ya fashe a wannan wuri. An tsabtace "diddige" ko ƙasa don haka tushen tsarin ya tafi da sauri, zaku iya rage ƙwarin gwiwa cikin mafita tare da tushen haɓaka tushen don kwanaki da yawa, don haka damar saurin haɓakar tsarin tushen yafi hakan girma.
Itacen itacen apple har yanzu itace tushen wahala mai wahala kuma duk hanyoyin da ke sama basa alƙawarin 100% kuma tabbataccen sakamako ne na haɓakar albarkatu iri daban-daban, an shuka su daga zuriya, maiyuwa ba ƙyanƙyashewa ba, kuma ba za a iya ɗaukar tushe ba.
Amma har yanzu, tare da zaɓin da ya dace na yaduwar hanya, wanda ya dace da yanayin yanayin yanayin da ya dace da kuma kula da bishiyar da ta dace: shawo, ciyarwa, tsari don hunturu da kariya daga kwari da sauran kwari, zaku iya shuka itace kyakkyawan itace.
