Guzmania (gusmania) wata itaciya ce mai cin ciyawa, dangi na kusa da abarba. Kamar yadda shuka ornamental, ya fara da girma kwanan nan. Ana samo shi a cikin yanayi a cikin gandunan daji na Indiya, Kudancin Amurka. An ambaci sunan mai binciken - Spaniard Anastasio Guzman. Siffar ta shine tsawon furanni - har zuwa watanni da yawa, bayan wannan tsiron ya mutu, ya bar yara.
Bayanin
Tsarin tsirrai - har zuwa 80 cm, ganye mai tsayi yana haifar da Rosette tare da diamita na 20-25 cm inflorescence yana tsakiyar, madaidaici, mai haske.
Wani fasalin furanni yana cikin launi mai haske na takalmin katako, wanda zai daɗe sosai. Furanni kansu basu da tabbas. Wannan tsire-tsire ne mai haɓaka, ba mai kamuwa da cuta ba.
Mahimmanci: ruwan 'ya'yan itace shuka na iya haifar da tashin hankali na fata da rashin lafiyar jiki, don haka mutanen da ke da halayen halayen rashin lafiyan ya kamata su fara guzmania.
Nau'in Guzmania
Sanya kusan nau'ikan 200, wasu daga cikinsu suna girma a gida. Bred fiye da 10 hybrids.
| Dubawa | Siffar |
| Donella Smith |
|
| Jinin Ruwa (Babban) |
|
| Musa |
|
| Reeda |
|
| Orarami |
|
| Tempo |
|
| Nicaraguan |
|
| Fankari |
|
| Daya-eared |
|
| Zana |
|
| Optima |
|
| Hilda |
|
| Ostara |
|
Guzmania Mix wuri ne cikin akwati ɗaya na iri daban-daban.
Siffofin Abubuwan ciki
Kulawar gida baya buƙatar ƙwarewa na musamman.
| Matsayi | Spring - bazara | Rana - hunturu |
| Wuri / Haske | Watsa haske. Duk da yake inji yana cikin fure, zaka iya fassara shi gaba ɗaya zuwa wucin gadi. | Hasken rana kai tsaye. |
| Zazzabi | + 23 ... + 27 ° С | |
| Watse | Kasa kada ta bushe kullun. Zuba a cikin wani Rosette kafa da ganye. Kawai distilled ko tsarkakakken ruwa mai zafi zuwa + 20 ° C an yarda. | |
| Taki | Sau daya a wata. | Sau ɗaya a kowane watanni 2-3. |
| Jin zafi | Spraying sau uku a rana. | Fesa kullun da safe. |
Bayan furanni, dole ne a yanke farfajiyar da tsohuwar ganye mai ganye.
Mahimmanci: Ruwa a kan karye yana rage lokacin fure.
Taki
Yi amfani da takin zamani kawai. Lokacin sayen, tabbatar tabbatar da rashin boron da jan ƙarfe. Ana yanka kashi a rabi daga wanda aka bada shawarar a umarnin. Ana yin riguna na sama tare da ruwa.
Dasawa da haifuwa: zaɓi na tukunya, ƙasa
Itace yana buƙatar sake haɗawa don yaduwa kawai kuma a cikin yanayi mai wuya (cuta, maye gurbin tukunyar).
Canza mataki-mataki:
- Yana da kyau a zubar da ƙasa.
- bar 'yan awanni;
- a hankali fitar da shuka daga cikin tukunya, ƙoƙarin kada ku lalata ƙammar da take.
- shimfiɗa shimfiɗa daga magudanar ruwa (yumɓu da aka ambaci an fi son);
- a tsaye saka guzmania, yayyafa tare da ƙasa.
- ga ruwa.
Lokacin da ya dace shine ƙarshen lokacin fure. Yana da kyau ka sayi ƙasa mai gauraye, musamman ga tsire-tsire bromeliad.
Kafin dasa, kasar gona dole ne a haifuwa.
Tunda tushen guzmania ƙanana ne, kuma ya kamata a zaɓi tukunya ƙarama (diamita 10-12 cm), amma barga.
Wataƙila musamman don sanya shi nauyi. Ya kamata diamita daga tukunya ya zama ya fi girma fiye da tsarin tushen. Zai fi kyau a ɗauki yumbuƙa tare da ramuka masu malalewa masu kyau. 
Mafi shahararrun nau'ikan Guzmania
Kiwo
Bayan fure, "yara" suna kyan gani daga tushe. Yayinda suke girma, tsire-tsire mafi girma ya mutu. Lokacin da aka kafa tsarin tushe a cikin ƙananan ƙwayoyin matasa (aƙalla 1 cm), suna rabu da wuka mai kaifi daga mahaifiyar shuka kuma dasa a cikin tukunya daban. Dole ne a kula da maki yankan tare da var. Don ƙirƙirar matakin laushi mai laushi, rufe tare da polyethylene.
Guzmania kuma ana yadu dashi ta amfani da tsaba. Tsarin aiki
- tsabtace tsaba da za a gurbata, kasancewar sun tsaya ne a cikin maganin potassiumgangan;
- yayyafa a kan ƙasa, a hankali latsa;
- fesa da ruwa;
- rufe tare da jakar filastik don ƙirƙirar "greenhouse";
- lura da matakin zafi da zazzabi (ba ƙasa da + 25 ° С);
- bayan makonni uku, lokacin da harbe suka girma, cire fim;
- dasa bayan nutsewa.
Matasa matasa guzmania suna girma da sauri, kulawa da su iri ɗaya ne da shuka mai girma. Ba za ku iya dasa su daga shuka uwar ba (ya isa a cire tsohuwar a hankali), a wannan yanayin, fure zai kasance cikin shekara.
Cututtuka, kwari da kurakurai cikin kulawa
A matsayinka na mai mulkin, duk cututtukan wannan fure sune sakamakon rashin kulawa mai kyau ko sakamakon lalacewar kwaro.
| Alamun waje | Dalili | Magani |
| Sakin m, mai rawaya ganye. | Garkuwa. | Don aiwatar da maganin sabulu-barasa. Yanke sashin da ya lalace. |
| Gizo gizo gizo. | Buga | Humara yawan zafi, bar iska a cikin dakin, idan akwai mummunan lahani, a kula da maganin kashe kwari. |
| Yankakken farin ciki. | Mealybug. | Cire injina; sassan da suka lalace kuma za'a iya datsa su. |
| Roundan karamin zagaye a kan ganye. | Cutar naman gwari. | Dole ne a lalata shuka da ya kamu da cutar (ba a bi da shi ba). |
| Ba ya fure. | Babu isasshen haske da zafi, wataƙila damshin danshi. | Gyara kulawa. |
| Hanyoyin suna launin ruwan kasa. | Babu isasshen ruwa. | Wateringara yawan shayarwa. |
| Duhun ganyayyaki. | Rashin haske. | Canza wurin. |
| Ganyen sun haskaka. | Wuce hasken wuta. | Canza wurin aiki ko inuwa shuka. |
| Ganye ya bushe. | M ruwa. | Dry, dakatar da ruwa na ɗan lokaci. |
| Ba girma. | Orarancin ƙasa ko rashin haske. | Ciyarwa, wurin sauya wuri. |
| Ganyayyaki sun bushe. | Isasshen iska. | Sprayara fesa ruwa. |
Alamu da camfi
Akwai alamu da yawa da camfi game da wannan tsiron. A cikin asalin 'yan asalin Kudancin Amurka, ana ɗauka alama alama ce ta ikon namiji. Wannan yana da hujja ta kimiyya, tunda guzmania yana samar da aphrodisiac na halitta. Yan gari sun yarda cewa wannan fure yana kawo kwanciyar hankali da zaman lafiya a gidan da dangi. Hakanan alama ce ta dukiya da wadatar arziki.
