A cikin wannan labarin za mu gaya muku yadda ake shuka nasturtium daga tsaba da lokacin da za ku shuka shi akan shuka. Amma da farko, 'yan kalmomi game da shuka kanta.
Nasturtium kyakkyawar tsire-tsire ne na herbaceous, yakan girma a matsayin shekara-shekara. Kimanin nau'ikan fure 90 na fure ne aka tono; akwai wasu tsintsaye masu tsayi daga 25 zuwa 50 cm tsayi da kuma iri iri; lemun tsami ya girma zuwa mita 3.5-4. 5-furannin furanni masu kama da hular kwano har tsawon mako guda.
Akwai nau'ikan launuka masu launin rawaya, ruwan lemo, lemo, ja, rawaya mai haske-rawaya, furanni-rawaya mai launin shuɗi. Bushes ko creepers suna da matukar kyau, ana amfani da nasturtiums a cikin tsarin lambun da ƙirar shimfidar wuri.
Girma Nasturtium daga Tsaba
Shuka tsaba ne da za'ayi a cikin ƙasa bude ko seedlings. Nasturtium ko capuchin blooms 7-8 makonni bayan dasa, faranta tare da yawan fure. Fulatan furanni suna zaɓan nau'in tsire-tsire masu girma dangane da yanayin yanayin yankin.
Kwalaye iri na nasturtium suna da yawa, suna da sauƙin shuka a nesa da ake buƙata. Suna girma daga kwanaki 4 zuwa 10. Tushen maganin kapuchins suna da laushi kuma mai ratsa jiki, furewan ba sa son jigilar jigilar abubuwa akai-akai. Suna nutse tare da babban kulawa. Lokacin dasawa, yana da mahimmanci kada ku lalata tip, wannan Gaskiya ne ga jinsin Liana.
Kwancen Nasturtium dasawa ta kowane yanki
A lokacin da dasa shuki, bi sharuddan yiwu dawo da daskararru.
| Sunan Yanki | Shuka tsaba don shuka | Shuka tsaba a cikin ƙasa bude |
| Zones na yanayin zafi, Subtropics | Lambobi na ƙarshe na Maris-farkon Afrilu. | Mayu shine watan. |
| Yankin Moscow, yankuna tsakiyar Rasha | Ofarshen Afrilu shi ne farkon mako na Mayu. | A kwanakin ƙarshe na Mayu. |
| Yankunan noma masu haɗari Siberiya, Ural | Matsakaicin shekaru goma na Mayu. | Na biyu mako na Yuni, lokacin da barazanar sanyi wuce. |
Don girma capuchins akan glazed loggias, baranda, shuka yana farawa a cikin shekaru goma na biyu na Maris.
Kalandar Lunar 2019
Mutane da yawa suna jagorantar kalandar maraice, yana da kyau a shuka tsaba kuma a dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa a kan ranakun ranakun don amfanin gona na fure a shekarar 2019, an nuna ranakun mara kyau a cikin baka:
- Maris 10, 12, 15 (ba zai yiwu ba daga 21 zuwa 31);
- Afrilu 7, 11, 18 (wanda ba a son shi daga 1 zuwa 5, daga 20 zuwa 30);
- Mayu 9, 10, 15, 17 (ba da shawarar daga 1 zuwa 5, daga 19 zuwa 31).
Shuka seedlings na nasturtium
Fasaha ta aikin gona na kaftan caji mai sauki ce, makomar ciyawar an girbe ta ne ta hanyar girman shuka. Ya kamata ya sami tsarin tushen iko, mai tushe mai yawa. Tsayi da yawa, tsirrai masu tsire-tsire zasuyi rashin lafiya na dogon lokaci, za a jinkirta fure har mako guda. Don seedlings, an shirya cakuda ƙasa daga ƙasa turf, yashi, peat a cikin rabo na 1: 1. Kuna iya siyan samamen da aka shirya don duniya ko na tumatir. Don rigakafin, an zubar da ƙasa tare da mafita na manganese.
Ana shirya tsaba don shuka
Tsaba da aka tattara daban-daban ana tsara su, an saya don shirye-shiryen dasawa. Wadansu mutane sun gwammace su tsoma su a kan wata leka, yayin da wasu ke rufe ta cikin busasshiyar ƙasa mai bushewa. Don kamuwa da cuta, an shuka kayan iri a cikin ruwan hoda na manganese ko itacen ash (ana ɗaukar nauyin 3 a kowace lita na ruwa). Kuna iya riƙe tsaba na tsawon awanni 2-3 a cikin abubuwan ƙarfafawa waɗanda aka shirya a gida:
- Ruwan Aloe ko Kalanchoe an narkar da shi a cikin ruwa 5 na ruwa, ana ajiye ganyayen da aka yanke a firiji har mako guda;
- cokali na zuma yana narkewa a gilashin ruwan dumi, abubuwan da aka gano, amino acid ɗin da ke cikin maganin ana tunawa cikin fata.
Zabi da kuma shirya kwantena don shuka
Ana shuka Nasturtiums a cikin allunan peat, kwantena na biost (humus na matsi) ko tukwane; na amfani da filin baranda, manyan tukwane, akwatuna ko furannin furanni. An shuka tsaba biyu a cikin kowane tanki na dasa don garanti. Don adana abu mai shuka, ana amfani da lattices kwai. Recesses suna cike da cakuda ƙasa. Bayan fitowar, an fitar da dunƙulewar ƙamshi tare da cokali, za'a tura shi zuwa wani akwati mai saukowa.
Zai dace don amfani da kofuna na takarda: tsofaffin jaridu suna ɗaure cikin yadudduka 4, kwalban ƙaddarar da ake so yana nannade cikin sakamakon tsiri. An gyara gefen gefen takarda tare da takarda takarda, an shigar dasu cikin babban akwati a hankali ga juna, bayan wannan suna cike da cakuda ƙasa.
Wasu tukwici masu amfani:
- lokacin amfani da allunan ko kwantena na halitta, an tsinkaye su cikin ruwa, ba a cire raga mai ƙarfi ba, ƙasa ta kumbura cikin awanni 2-3;
- kafin dasa shuki, kwalayen kwai ana zubar da ruwan zãfi, sannan a bushe, an wanke kwantena masu filastik;
- A bu mai kyau a sanya magudanar ruwa a kasan tukunyar peat da kofuna na takarda don kada ruwa ya yi shisshigi a cikinsu.
Seeding for seedlings
Don girma furanni a baranda, a cikin loggia, ana shuka nasturtiums nan da nan cikin kwantena wanda zasu kasance lokacin haɓaka.
Don dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa buɗe ƙananan tukwane ko allunan peat. A kowane wuri biyu busassun biyu ko ɗaya na tsiro, wanda yake cikin haɓakar mai motsawa. A cikin allunan, yana da kyau a shuka tsaba 2. Suna zurfafa a cikin ƙasa ta 2-3 cm, ana shayar da ƙasa daga ruwa mai soshe ko sosai tare da bindiga mai feshi. Irin wannan ban ruwa ba ya lalata ƙasa, kayan gona suna ci gaba da zama. Sanya su a cikin babban akwati.
Lokacin da aka shuka tsire-tsire a cikin kwantena mai girma, ana amfani da gugar kwali, ba za su bar tushen ya gauraya ba a lokacin girma. Don girma tsire-tsire, zaɓi gefen rana na Apartment.
Kulawar seedling
A cikin makonni biyu na farko, tsire-tsire suna buƙatar zafi, ana sanya kwantena dasa akan sills taga, inda zafin jiki ba ƙasa da +22 ° C. Bayan makonni biyu, nasturtium yana fara dacewa da yanayin yanayin latitude, yana rage zafin jiki zuwa + 18 ° C.
Nasturtium yana sauƙaƙe don kar ya shimfiɗa yawa, a cikin duhu, ya tsawan sa'oin hasken rana zuwa awanni 12-15. Wajibi ne a samar da matsakaiciyar matsakaici na yau da kullun, kowane kwana uku. Da yamma, ana fesa harbe sau ɗaya a mako.
Zai dace don shuka seedlings a cikin kwando: ana zuba ruwa a ciki don ya samu kai tsaye zuwa tushen. Ana cire ƙarin harbe-harbe bayan sati daya na girma, yana barin mafi ƙarfi a cikin tukunya ko kwamfutar hannu. Don haɓaka haɓaka cikin ruwa don ban ruwa ƙara takin ƙasa don furannin gida, ɗauka, daga adadin da ake buƙata. Ana yin miya babba fiye da sau ɗaya a mako.
Dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa
Idan tsiran suka fara shimfiɗawa, kuma ci gaba da ci gaba, tukwanen an kwashe su zuwa mafaka na ɗan lokaci, inda yake da sanyi fiye da a gida. Saukar da nasturtium a cikin ƙasa mai buɗewa ana yin shi ne bayan dare mai ɗumi, lokacin zafin jiki ba ya ƙasa da +8 ° C.
Tushen tsarin bai lalace ba lokacin transhipment. An tsage tukunyar tukunya ko takarda ba tare da lalata lakaar laka ba.
An yi rijiyoyin mai zurfi na 2-3 cm fiye da kwantena dasa shuki, ana iya yayyafa shuka tare da ƙasa zuwa ganyen farko, ana kafa ƙarin Tushen daga tushe. Nisa tsakanin bushes daga 20 zuwa 50 cm, ya dogara da nau'in nasturtium. Furanni da sauri suna dacewa da sabon yanayi. Daga tsananin zafin rana ana girgiza su a farkon kwana ukun. Recommendedasan da ke cikin rami na saukowa ana bada shawarar a zubar da maganin manganese ko phytosporin. Wannan shine rigakafin cututtukan fungal. Ana zubar da ƙasa sosai da ruwa mai ɗumi.
Dasa iri mai nasturtium a bude yake
Yawancin lambu suna la'akari da nasturtium a matsayin adon lambu na kaka. Ana shuka tsaba a kusa da farkon bulbous na fure da perennials na daji, tare da tazara tsakanin 30-40 cm Tare da wannan shuka, nasturtium ba zai tsoma baki tare da hutawa daffodils, irises ba.
Ana ba da shawarar an shuka tsaba a cikin ƙasa nan da nan, ba lallai ba ne a ciyar da lokaci da ƙoƙari a kan girma seedlings.
Abvantbuwan amfãni da rashin amfanin shuka iri na nasturtium a buɗe
Tsire-tsire suna girma sosai a cikin ƙasa cike da ruwa mai narkewa, daidaitawa da sauƙin sauƙin sanyi, kuma ba a tsaurara ba.
Tsara plantings da dare, zaka iya kare su daga dawo da daskararru. Babban zaɓi dasa shuki shine yin shuka kwalaye a cikin shingen fim na ɗan lokaci, kuma za a jawo kayan murfin ko fim a arfa. Rashin daidaituwa na saukowa a cikin ƙasa:
- A cikin wurare masu haɗari, tsire-tsire na iya mutuwa daga daskarewa.
- Tare da adadin ruwan sama mai yawa, Tushen matasa na iya jujjuyawa, tsirrai za su fara yin fure a gaba.
- Matasa harbe suna buƙatar ƙasa mai gina jiki mai gina jiki, ba koyaushe zai yiwu don ƙirƙirar yanayi mai kyau don sprouts a kan mãkirci.
Kowane grower da kansa yanke shawara yadda za a dasa nasturtium, mai yawa ya dogara da yanayin damina na yankin, abun da ke ƙasa.
Matakan-mataki-mataki don shuka tsaba a cikin kasa bude
Nasturtium yana farantawa tare da furanni zuwa tsananin sanyi. Don fure na kaka, ana shuka shi a ƙasa. Mataki-mataki-mataki yayi kama da wannan:
- A kan gado ko ciyawar fure, ƙasa tana da kyau, ƙasa an daɗa, phosphorus da potassium takin ƙasa an ƙara ƙasa, an ƙara yashi zuwa ƙasa mai nauyi.
- An yi jujjuya ko rami a nesa na 20-30 cm 3 cm zurfi, dasa ramuka da aka zubar da ruwa. Ana shuka iri iri na Ampelic kusa da juna, ana shuka iri iri daga nesa.
- Tsaba a jere ana shimfiɗa ta a nesa na 10 cm, ana jefa akwatunan iri biyu a cikin kowane rami.
Shuka ramuka ana rufe ƙasa da ƙasa, ko humus. - Ana zubar da ƙasa, an ƙarfafa shi tare da fim. Wajibi ne don tabbatar da cewa tsire-tsire ba sa yin zafi, dumama mafi kyau shine +25 ° C.
- Bayan kwanaki 4, ana cire fim, an shayar da shi, an sassauta shi, musamman idan yumɓu yumɓu ne. A dare, ana bada shawara don dumama plantings tare da kayan rufe. A ranakun sanyi ana iya barinsu a lokacin.
- Otsan buɗe ido a cikin ƙasa buɗe bayan mako biyu, farkon buds - bayan kwanaki 40-45.
Mista Dachnik ya ba da shawarar: hanyoyin dasa shuki na nasturtium na shuka
Baya ga hanyar gargajiya na shuka tsaba don shuka, akwai wasu waɗanda suke tattalin arziƙi kuma sun dace. Soya da germinating nasturtium a cikin sawdust na kara bayyana yanayin shuka.
Saukowa a cikin sawdust
A matsayin cakuda dasa shuki ta amfani da sawdust na deciduous itatuwa. A cikin conifers, babban resin abun ciki.
Suna da kyau bushe, ventilated. Sannan sai a jika shi da ruwa. Don tsire-tsire masu girma na gida, ya dace don amfani da ɗanɗanar sawun da aka matse cikin ɗakin bayan gida. Suna riƙe da danshi da kyau, sun wuce aikin tsaftacewa.
An kwarara granuyoyin ta ruwan zãfi, sai su zube. Kada ku zubo ruwa da yawa; An zuba shi a cikin akwati mai kauri wanda ba ya wuce cm 3 cm .. Ya kamata bangarorin su kasance a ƙalla cm 5. Wannan ya isa ga nasturtium tsaba. Ba su daɗaɗaɗɗen riga, an shimfiɗa su a kan sawun bushe a nesa na cm 4 zuwa 6. Rufe tare da santimita santimita. Bayan wannan, an ɗaure akwati sosai tare da fim kuma a tsabtace shi a cikin wurin dumi don kwanaki 4-5 - ƙirƙirar yanayi mai zafi. Ba a buƙatar hasken rana ba don tsaba; sun shuka sosai a wuri mai duhu. Babban abubuwan: babban zafi da zazzabi. A karkashin irin wannan yanayin, shuka tsiro ya bayyana a matsakaita a cikin kwanaki biyar. An cire fim ɗin, harbe yana moisturized, canja shi zuwa wuri mai haske. Bayan bayyanar ganye na uku na cikakke, su, ba tare da lalata Tushen ba, ana canza su zuwa tukwane tare da ƙasa. Matasa shuka da sauri ya saba da sabon yanayi. A cikin sako-sako da sawun, Tushen ba su lalacewa, ana iya cire seedlings cikin sauƙin.
Saukowa a cikin "katantanwa"
Don germination da manyan tsaba sau da yawa amfani da m filastik fim da bayan gida takarda. Zai ɗauki tsiri 10 cm faɗi, tsawon dasa "snail" ya dogara da yawan ƙwaya. Yana da Dole a sa tsiri na takarda bayan gida mai 3-Layer akan fim (zaku iya ɗaukar adiko na goge baki). Don rigar ruwa, ana amfani da maganin epin, kawai ana ƙara saukad da 3 a kowace lita na ruwa, maida hankali ya zama ƙasa. Tare da duka tsiri, tashi daga gefen 1, 5 cm, busassun kwalaye na nasturtium an shimfiɗa su nesa da 4-5 cm. Wajibi ne don barin har zuwa 15 cm na sarari kyauta a ƙarshen tsiri. Ya rage don karkatar da tsiri a hankali domin tsaba ba su motsa sosai. An daidaita aikin tare da bandaki na roba ko zaren. An gama "katantanwa" a tsaye a cikin akwati tare da karamin ruwa. Don haka duk waɗannan an sanya su a cikin kunshin don ƙirƙirar "tropics". Bayan bayyanar greenery, an cire fim, an sanya sprouts din a wani wuri mai haske. An dasa tsiro tare da ganye 3 a cikin akwati akai. Bayan tura "katantanwa" da tsaba bai kamata a rarrabe shi ba, duk tushen ya kasance cikin kwanciyar hankali.
