Hatiora - wakilin dangin dangin, dan asalin gabashin gabashin Brazil ne. Wannan karamin ciyawa ne wanda bai wuce centimita 40 ba, ba shi da girma har ya kai mita 1 a cikin daji a cikin mahaifarsa. Wani fasalin tsarin sa shine rassan su tashi daga saman wannan harbe kuma an sanya su suna zina - rukuni a tsayinsa ɗaya.
Sunan mai siragen ya samo asali daga hoton wanda aka samo sunan masanin ilimin lissafin Ingilishi ne Thomas Hariot, wanda ya kirkiri zane na fure na Kudancin Amurka. Zuwa yau, ana sanannu da nau'ikan tsire-tsire da yawa a cikin ciyawar cikin gida.
Bayanin
Hatiora yana da banbancin bayanai na waje don latitude ɗinmu: ana iya kuskure shi don daji, tsirrai mai tsiro da fure mai kyau tare da furanni masu haske. Dukkanin sun ƙunshi rassan marasa ganye, dan kadan nutsuwa ko ɗaukar madaidaiciyar matsayi. Stalaƙƙarfan sandar a ƙarshe ya juya ya zama juji mai kauri.
Rashin murfin yanke hukunci ya fi lada ta hanyar furanni masu kyan gani da suke bayyana tare da tsawon tsawon karar harbe-harbe da launuka masu kyau da suka saba da launi: ruwan hoda-purple, rawaya, ja.
A cikin mazaunin halitta, mai hator zai iya girma a kan haushi na bishiyoyi (siffofin epiphytic) ko kuma samar da ƙira a cikin duwatsu (siffofin lithophytic). A gida, succulent itace fure ne mai ado wanda yake da ƙananan ƙananan hankula akan kujerun a kaikaice.
Iri daban-daban
Akwai nau'ikan kiwo guda uku na Hatior wanda aka dace don namo gida.
| Dubawa | Bayanin |
| Hathior hermina (Hariota herminiae lat.) | Tumbi ko tsiron epiphytic tare da harbe na madaidaiciya ko ɗan ƙaramin sifa tare da tsayi ba ta wuce cm 30. Gwajin ciki na daɗaɗa da na taushi, harbe-harben ƙasa kusan mil 50 ne, kuma ƙarshen kumbura na areola an rufe shi da ƙayayuwa kuma ya bazu ko'ina cikin tsawon sa. Furanni masu matsakaici ne har zuwa santimita 3 a diamita tare da launi mai haske na lilac-pink. |
| Hachior Solicorn ko Gwanin-gishiri (Hariota salicornioides Haw.) | Tsarin gargajiya na shuka. Mutanen gama gari suna da sunaye da yawa na fassara: "ƙasusuwa masu rawa", "mashayin giya", "gilashin harbi" saboda ƙimar tsarin tsirrai. Rassan sun ƙunshi ƙananan (tsayi 2-3 cm) ƙira mai kamanni ko solyank mai kamanni 0.5 cm lokacin farin ciki .. Girman shuka ya ɗan lalace. A farkon aikin ci gaba, kara kara suna da matsayi madaidaiciya, duk da haka, yayin da suke girma, suna so. Tushen tushe yana zama m. Bloyora mai siffa solyanka mai fure tare da shuɗi, shuɗi kaɗan (0.3-1 cm) furanni. Lokacin fure yana tsawan watanni 2. |
| Hatiora ruwan hoda (Hariota furea.) | Karamin daji na kananan bangarorin da aka raba da fulawa wadanda ke auna 2.5 x 1 cm daga bakin ruwa. Rassanta suna da launi mai duhu mai duhu mai zurfi da kuma tsari mai kyau. Furanni masu launin ruwan hoda mai haske, babba, fiye da 3.5 cm huduwa a dandalin da a gidajen abinci, ɗayan bambance-bambance na ƙimar Ripsalidopsis. |
Fasali da dokoki don kulawa
Kulawa da kulawa a gida don hatiora ba rikitarwa bane. Babban yanayin don haɓaka shine kasancewar wadataccen adadin sarari a cikin tukunya ko furen fure. A wannan haɗin, kamar yadda shuka ke tsiro, zai buƙaci ƙarin sarari sarari.
Yankunan da ke girma na murtsunguwa suna da taushi da raunin aiki, suna buƙatar ƙarin tallafi akan lokaci.
Wuri da Haske
Don ci gaba mai kyau, shuka yana buƙatar wurare masu dumi, windows da ke cike da gabas ko yamma. Hatiora baya jure hasken rana kai tsaye - wannan ya cutar da ci gabanta da launin furanni. A kan windows windows masu zafi, dole ne a lullube furanni don zafin rana.
Zazzabi
Ana samun mafi girman zafin jiki na mai girmanda daga +17 zuwa + 23 ° C, ba tare da la'akari da lokaci na shekara ba. A lokacin rani, ana iya canja furannin zuwa filin bude ko baranda, yana kare ta daga hasken rana kai tsaye.
Rigar ruwa
A cikin lokutan zafi na zafi, mai hator yana buƙatar kyakkyawan ruwa na yau da kullum. Koyaya, kafin sanyaya shuka, ya kamata ka tabbata cewa ƙasa a cikin tukunyarta ta bushe don hana lalacewar tushen danshi. Zai fi kyau ruwa da safe ko a maraice na yamma.
Ruwan Ban ruwa - ruwa ya kamata ya kasance da zazzabi a daki. Lokaci na ban ruwa na fure tare da ruwan feshi an yarda.
A lokacin kaka-hunturu, dansandan hator ya shiga cikin yanayi mai lalacewa - shayarwa a wannan lokacin yana buƙatar matsakaici.
Ilasa, saman miya
Kamar kowane ɗan dabin gida, mai haɗari yana buƙatar ƙarin abinci mai gina jiki da haɓaka haɓaka. Mitar da hadewar takin zamani ya dogara da tsarin ci gaban shuka da kanta:
- A cikin lokaci na girma da budding, fure yana buƙatar takin mai magani na nitrogen. Ana amfani dasu sau ɗaya a kowace kwana goma.
- Don lokacin furanni, takin tare da takin potassium ya zama dole.
Bugu da kari, tsire-tsire na dangin murtsunti suna ba da amsa ga takin gargajiya, irin su peat, takin, abincin ƙashi, humus. An saya su masu alamar "don furanni na cikin gida" a cikin shaguna na musamman.
Tushen tsarin Hachior, kamar dukkan gidajen dangin katako, ba shi da ƙarancin ci gaba kuma yana buƙatar ƙasa mai haske ta tsaka-tsakin pH. Abun da ya kamata a cakuda ya hada da cakuda ƙasa ko ƙasa, yashi mai kauri, humus da gawayi da ƙuraje (da ƙyamare).
Juyawa
Lokaci mafi dacewa don dasawa shine cikakke fure, zaɓin ya dogara da girman girma na shuka kanta. Matasa masu ƙiyayya suna dasawa a kowace shekara a farkon kaka, bayan sun riga sun share tushen tsohuwar ƙasar.
Ana dasa shuɗar tsohuwar furanni sau ɗaya kowace shekara biyar, ana zaɓar wannan dalilin fili, amma ba tukunya mai zurfi ba. Juyayi mai sauƙin jinkirin sauƙaƙe yana sauƙaƙe daga mahaukacin.
Gudun ruwa
Bloom hutu yana farawa ne a ƙarshen bazara kuma zai kasance har ƙarshen bazara. Sau da yawa mafi girma a cikin gida, yana buƙatar wani kambi na kafa - an yi wannan don sakamako mafi girma na ado.
Kiwo
Hatiora yana yaduwa ta hanyar kara-itace da shuka iri.
- Yankan hanya ce mai kyau. Bayan an zaɓi ɗan ƙaramin tushe daga tushe, an yanke shi da wuka mai kaifi, ana zartar da carbon da aka kunna a shafin da aka yanke. Barin matakala don ba da takaddun shaida na tsawon kwanaki 3, sai a nutsar da shi cikin ƙasa mai ɗaukar nauyi.
- Sake buguwa ta wurin zuriya tsari ne mai matukar wahala wanda yake buƙatar kiyaye duk yanayin yanayi da wasu ilimin.
Cutar da kwari
Itace wanda ke da karancin kulawa mai inganci na iya kaiwa hari ta hanyar kwari kamar:
- gizo-gizo mite;
- mealybug;
- tushen tsutsa;
- slugs;
- sikelin garkuwa;
- tushen nematode.
Yaƙin da ake yi da za'ayi tare da taimakon kwari shirye-shirye da kuma spraying da shuka tare da jiko na tafarnuwa (20 g da 1 lita na ruwa).
Yawan danshi da rashin yarda da tsarin zafin jiki yakan haifar da cututtukan fungal:
- Shan tabo.
- Dry ko rigar rot.
- Late blight.
Suna yaƙar su ta hanyar magance cututtukan fungicides ko lalata wasu ɓangarorin shuka.
Mista Dachnik yayi kashedin: matsaloli a cikin kula da mai hakar
Hatiora shuka ba capricious, amma wani lokacin akwai wasu matsaloli lokacin da girma shi:
- haɓaka mara kyau da / ko rashin buds suna da alaƙa da ƙarancin zafin jiki a cikin ɗakin ko rashin abinci mai gina jiki;
- rauni da ganyen ganye da kuma lalacewar tushe alama ce ta tururuwar danshi ko bushewa daga ƙasa;
- bayyanar aibobi masu-haske - an dasa bishiyar cikin matsanancin zafin rana;
- fadowa daga furanni da kuma buds - kwayuka ko kwatsam motsi na shuka.
Hatiora - "Hawayen maza"
Baya ga kyakkyawa mai ban al'ajabi, Hathior ya sami alamomi da alamomin camfi da suka danganci rayuwar sirri ta maigidan ko farka. An yi imani da cewa kiyaye wannan itaciya a gida ga mace na nufin kafin lokacin da za ta halaka kanta don kadaici, tunda fure ba ya yarda da kasancewar maza.
Bugu da ƙari da sifofin asiri, mutane sun yi imani cewa mai yiyi yana da guba sosai, kodayake babu wata hujja ta kimiyya game da wannan gaskiyar.
Dogon fure, amma ba zato ba tsammani ya cika tare da buds, yana nuna sabuntawa da farkon canji.
