Katarantus: bayanin, nau'ikan iri da iri, kulawa ta gida da lambun

Katarantus itace tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire na Kutrov. Abubuwan da ke warkar da su da warkarwa suna sanannu ne a duk duniya.

Furen daji da aka samo a cikin ƙasashe masu zafi, irin su Cuba, Afirka, Indochina, Indonesia, Java. Wurin haifuwar shuka shine Madagascar. Furen ya dace da kiwo a gida da a gonar.

Bayanin Catharanthus

A matsayin shuka na gida, catharanthus fure ne mai tsinkaye ko fure na shekara-shekara wanda ya kai girman kusan 30-60 cm. Ganyen kore mai duhu duhu ba ya tafin zuwa gefen kuma yana da farin jijiya a tsakiya, tsayin su ya kai cm 8. Tushen catharanthus sanda ce, yana shiga zurfin zurfin 30 cm kuma yana fitar da wani wari mai ƙanshi mara kyau.

Furanni na shuka kusan basa jin warin, suna da alaƙa da phloxes, suna girma akan firam na harbe. Petals fentin fari ne ko ruwan hoda, wasu nau'ikan suna da bambanci da aka faɗi, alal misali, cibiyar ta burgundy ce, gefuna kuma farare ne. Kawai biyar petals na madaidaiciyar tsari. Itace tayi fure duk bazara har ma da farkon kaka.

Iri da nau'ikan catharanthus na gida

Dubawa	Bayanin	Furanni
Ampelic	Kurmin ya kai tsayin da bai wuce cm 15 ba. Tsawon tsararren harbe-harbe shine 100-150 cm.	Babban launuka mai haske ko ruwan gwal mai tsayi yana girma tare da tsawon tsawon tafiyar. Launi a hankali ya wuce daga hasken gefuna na ƙananan fure zuwa tsakiyar duhu.
Ruwan hoda	Ya girma zuwa 60 cm kuma yana perennial. Tare da shimmer mai haske, ganyayyaki, an shafe shi da kakin kayan lambu, masu launin kore ne, sunfi girma kuma sun kai tsawon cm 10 Wasu alamu na waje suna kama da paraffin; a baya, masana kimiyya sun yi imani da cewa iri ɗaya ne.	Guda ɗaya, tare da filaye biyar. Paleti mai launi ta bambanta: daga ruwan hoda mai haske ko fari zuwa burgundy, kuma amai mai ƙarfi na Corolla ta dace gaba ɗaya hoton. A cikin girman 3-5 cm.
Aristocrat	Yana girma zuwa 50 cm a tsayi. Abu ne sananne don dacewa da girma a gida da kuma a gonar.	Girman girma ya kai cm 5. Akwai ido mai bambanci, launi kuma shine mafi bambancin launuka: daga dusar ƙanƙara-fari zuwa burgundy.
Kasuwancin Pacific	Inaramin girma a ciki, tare da tsarin tushen. A cikin tsawo ya kai ba fiye da 30 cm.	Petals suna da launin shuɗi tare da farin tsakiyar, akwai guda biyar a gaba ɗaya.
Apricot Pacific	Lowarancin, 30 cm, yayin da hula yake kusan 20 cm a diamita.	Apricot ya dafa tare da tsakiyar ja mai arziki.
Farar Baƙin Pacific		M farin petals. Akwai furanni inda ɓangaren tsakiya yayi ja.
Na farko sumbata	Sizeananan girman - 35-40 cm. Yana da kyakkyawan hat.	Inuwa sun bambanta sosai. Akwai kusan 13 daga cikinsu a cikin wannan nau'in; violet-blue, fari-ruwan hoda da sauransu ana samun su.

Kula da catharanthus a gida

Matsayi	Abubuwan da ake bukata
Wuri / Haske	Yana da hoto, saboda haka tukwane da shi an sanya shi a kan windows suna fuskantar gabas ko yamma. A cikin hasken rana kai tsaye, da sauri ya mutu, kuma tare da rashin haske, mai tushe ya zama mai rauni, furanni ya shuɗe.
Zazzabi	+ 22 ... +26 ° С, furen yana da girma kuma yana ba da adadin adadin buds.
Danshi / Ruwa	Na yau da kullun kuma cikakke, ƙasa bazai taɓa bushewa ba, in ba haka ba kwari masu cutarwa zasu bayyana akan furen. Hakanan kuna buƙatar fesa daji kowace rana, musamman a cikin tushen tushe don kula da ma'aunin ruwa.
Kasar	Ya kamata a shirya ƙasa a gaba. Katarantus yana da kyau kafa a peat kasa. Yawancin lokaci, ana ƙara substrate na musamman a tukunya, yana kunshe da ƙasa turf da perlite, wanda ya sa shuka ya samo tushe.
Manyan miya	Ma'adinan ma'adinai, phosphorus da hanyoyin kwalliya. Kuna iya fara makonni biyu bayan saukowa.

Saukowa daga catharanthus da kulawa a cikin filin buɗe ido

Matsayi	Abubuwan da ake bukata
Wuri / Haske	Mafi sau da yawa, gadaje na fure tare da shukoki suna gefen gefen rafin, a gabas ko yamma. Koyaya, shuka ba ya son hasken rana kai tsaye, wanda dole ne a tuna da shi lokacin dasa.
Zazzabi	Shuka tsire-tsire a yanayin zafi sama da +20 ° C, in ba haka ba inji zai mutu, ya jure zafin da talauci, yana buƙatar hydration na dindindin.
Danshi / Ruwa	Tabbatar cewa kasar gona bata bushewa koyaushe ya kasance rigar. Amma ya yi babban matakin da zai cutar catharanthus. Don haka, tare da raƙuman ruwa mai ƙarfi sama da daji kuna buƙatar gina tanti ta musamman.
Kasar	Dole ne a fara sako ciyawa a kuma cire ciyawar ciyawa. Zaka iya ƙara ash ko yumɓu da aka faɗaɗa don sa daji ya sami kwanciyar hankali. Musamman katarantus na son peat kasa, saboda haka tabletsan peat Allunan sukan sanya a cikin rami.
Manyan miya	Kowane mako biyu, ba sau da yawa, tare da gaurayawan na musamman don tsire-tsire na ornamental. Rage sashi da aka ambata a cikin umarnin a cikin rabin, allurar sakamakon da ya haifar a ƙarƙashin tushe, ya fi kyau kada a yi amfani da takin zamani a cikin hunturu.

Juyin Catharanthus

Katarantus yana buƙatar dasa shi a shekara, saboda yana girma da sauri. Domin shuka ya yi kyau, ya kamata ka yanke mai tushe mai shimfiɗa lokacin hunturu a kowace bazara.

Magungunan Catharanthus da samuwar daji

A kan tsarin da aka yanke, furanni za su bayyana a cikin 'yan makonni. An lura cewa kula da tsirrai na tsawon shekaru fiye da uku ba da shawarar ba. A kwana a tashi, ƙaƙƙarfan tsohuwar ɗaukakarsa, fure ya zama fari, mai tushe kuwa ya yi rauni.

Zai fi tasiri sosai don sake farfado da catharanthus tare da yanke. Sau da yawa tsunkule tukwici na harbe don ba wa shuka ɗan kallo. Itatuwa yayi girma a tsaye yana faranta zuciya tare da inflowrescences lush.

Maganin Catharanthus

Ana iya shuka tsaba a gida a kowane lokaci na shekara.

Ya kamata a shirya kwandon da zurfin sama da 10 cm, tun da catharanthus yana da tushe mai zurfi, yi ramuka magudana a ƙasan don wuce haddi ruwa.
Kafin nutsar da tsaba a cikin ƙasa da aka shirya, kuna buƙatar riƙe su cikin maganin Epin na sa'o'i biyu.
Farkon harbe ya kamata ya bayyana a cikin mako guda da rabi, to, ya kamata a sanya tukunya a wuri mai kyau.
A lokacin farkon haɓaka, catharanthus ya fi sauƙi, saboda haka, ya zama koyaushe wajibi ne don kula da yawan zafin jiki ba ƙasa da + 22 ... +23 ° С. Yana ɗaukar tsawon watanni don shuka don ƙirƙirar tushen tushen ƙarfi, wanda shine dalilin da yasa haɓakar sa kusan a bayyane yake.
Catharanthus yana buƙatar a dasa shi a cikin kwantena daban bayan bayyanar ganye huɗu masu lafiya. Yi wannan a watan Fabrairu-Maris, saboda shuka yana da lokaci zuwa ripen.

Bayan ta taurara seedlings a kan baranda, ana iya dasa shi a shafin idan zazzabi a iska ya isa sama da + 20 ° C. Waɗannan halaye suna haɗuwa da karɓar harbe da kuma yin alkawura mai ban mamaki a nan gaba. Kafin dasa shuki, kasar gona dole ne a haƙa a hankali a haɗe shi da yumɓu da aka faɗaɗa.

Yanke wataƙila hanya ce mafi sauƙi kuma mafi dacewa. Don yaduwar catharanthus ta wannan hanyar, kuna buƙatar:

A cikin bazara, shirya harbe apical game da 12 cm tsayi.
Babban abu: cire ganye daga ƙasa ka sanya ciyawa a cikin ƙasa tare da peat, bayan moistening shi na farko. Don tabbatar da yawan zafin jiki na kullun, shuka yakamata a rufe shi da fim mai kariya ko murfin greenhouse.
Makonni uku masu zuwa, ya zama dole don yin iska da feshi da ruwa tare da ruwa, bayan kusan wannan lokacin shuka zai ɗauki tushe.
Ana iya yin aikin a filin ƙasa, saboda wannan kuna buƙatar rufe cuttings tare da akwati na musamman (gilashi ko polyethylene) kuma yayyafa tare da ƙasa game da 3 cm - wato, ƙirƙirar yanayi na greenhouse.
Germination na catharanthus ya fi kyau a cikin gidajen katako, amma yawancin lambu mai son ba su da kayan da ya dace. Za'a iya dasa bishiyoyi (ko cire kayan kariya yayin cirewa a kan ƙasa) lokacin da harbe suka ba da ganyen farko.

Biyu daga cikin hanyoyin da ke sama suna halayyar duka gonar da gidan. Yawancin lokaci ana amfani da mai zuwa lokacin dasawa da cataranthus daga tukunya zuwa wani.

Rarraba daji yana faruwa a matakai da yawa:

An fitar da shuka daga tukunya kuma ƙasa mai wuce gona da iri ta girgiza, bayan wannan, bayan an yanke hukunci kan adadin sassan da za a raba rhizome (wannan ya dogara da girmanta, yawanci sassa 3-4), a yanka tare da wuka na tsabtace pre-sanitized.
Don hana katarantus, ana amfani da maganin antiseptik ko carbon wanda aka kunna a sassan.
A ƙarshen tsarin, ana sanya tsire-tsire masu haifar a cikin kwantena na mutum.

Hanyar ta yaɗu, saboda sakamakon shine babban catharanthus wanda ya dace da sauri. Bayan cikakken ci gaba na sabon tsarin tushen (game da makonni 3), ana iya sanya shuka a cikin ƙasa.

Matsaloli masu yiwuwa yayin kula da catharanthus, cututtuka da kwari

Bayyanuwa	Dalilai	Matakan magancewa
Duhun duhu akan ganye. Cuta: tsatsa.	Wuce kima.	Fesa tare da fungicides. Canza daji cikin sabuwar ƙasa.
Yellowness a cikin ganyayyaki.	Wucewar bushewar iska da rashin kyakkyawan danshi.	Theara mita da fesa ko sanya saucer da ruwa kusa da shuka.
Ruwan bazara mai sauri	Bayyanar hasken rana kai tsaye. Hasken Ultraviolet yana cutar da catharanthus, wanda shine dalilin da yasa shuka ta rasa ƙarfi kuma ta mutu.	Guji hasken rana kai tsaye.
Yanar gizo mai bakin ciki ya bayyana akan shuka. Naman yakan raunana kuma ya bushe. Kwaro: gizo-gizo mite.	Yankunan da ke ƙasa mai zafi suna da kyau don wannan kwaro ya bayyana. Spider mites yada cututtuka, saboda abin da shuka mutu a gaban idanu.	Don aiwatar da maganin kwari ("Akarin", "Bitoksibacillin" da sauransu), don fesa kullun. Don aiwatar da prophylaxis, lura da shigan da maganin soapy
Cutar da fure da kuma bushewar ganye.	Tukunyar catharanthus tayi ƙanƙanciya; tushen sa babu inda zai ci gaba.	Canza shuka a cikin akwati mai zurfi.

Mr. Dachnik yayi kashedin: cataractus shuka ce mai mahimmanci kuma mai haɗari

Ana amfani da harbe-harbe na sama na cataractus ruwan hoda a matsayin kayan albarkatun ƙasa, ganye - don samar da shirye-shiryen magunguna. Ana girbe tsire-tsire a ƙarshen bazara (Agusta-Satumba), tunda furanni yana faruwa a cikin daji a wannan lokacin, kuma dukkanin abubuwa masu amfani suna tarawa a cikin tushe da ganyayyaki. An yanke su kuma an bushe su a zazzabi kimanin +50 ° C (a cikin kayan bushewa na musamman). Catharantus zai iya adana kaddarorin warkarwa har tsawon shekaru uku, bayan haka ya zama mara amfani.

Yana da al'adar yin amfani da shishshigi azaman maganin hana ƙwayoyin cuta, maganin antitumor, wakili na antihypertensive. Tincture daga gare ta yana taimakawa tare da ciwon sukari, ƙwayar fibroids, endometriosis, rasa haihuwa har ma da basur. Hakanan ana amfani da man fure catarrhus da serum dangane da shi, waɗanda ke yin yaƙi da cututtukan fungal, cututtukan fata da sauran cututtukan fata. A wasu ƙasashe, har ma da scurvy ne yake bi da wannan shuka.