Koleria shine tushen herbaceous daga dangin Gesneriev. Hisasar haihuwarsa ita ce tsaunukan Ecuador, Columbia, Mexico, Venezuela. Fiye da nau'ikan 60 suna ƙidaya a cikin yanayi. Yana fasalin palette wanda ba a saba dashi ba, tsawon fure An ambaci sunan bayan botanist Michael Kohler a karni na 19. Sunan na biyu shine kyakkyawa na Colombian.
Bayanin launi
Kohleria yana girma a cikin inuwar bishiyoyi a cikin wuraren dazuka na wurare masu zafi, ciyayi ko tsirrai, tsayin cm 60-80. Ganyen suna kan mai tushe gaba da juna. Su ne m, elongated, serrated gefuna, pubescent, har zuwa 18 cm tsawo, m cm 8. Launi na ganye daban-daban: duhu kore, Emerald tare da jan veins. Akwai igiyoyin zaitun da hasken wuta a kansu. Yawan nau'ikan launuka suna da azurfa, launin tagulla.
Furanni marasa ganuwa (1-3 a cikin inflorescence) suna asymmetrical, suna kama da kararrawa, bututu har zuwa 5 cm, corolla ta fizge kusa da pharynx kuma ta kumbura a ɗaya ƙarshen. Fasalin na bude, an yi masa ado da futuna, dige ko bugun jini, yana da lobes biyar. Furannin furanni na iya zama launi ɗaya, kuma jigilar fure - wani jigon. Yana fure a cikin Yuli da fure kafin ƙarshen Nuwamba.
Tushen tsarin ya ƙunshi rhizomes ko tubers waɗanda aka rufe da sikeli. A waje kama da ramin mazugi.
Daban-daban launuka
Iri da nau'ikan fure na kayan ado sun bambanta cikin sifa, launi na ganye:
| Dubawa | Bar | Furanni da tsawon samuwar su |
| Bogotskaya | Dogon zuwa 10 cm, Emerald mai duhu. | Bututun yana da ja-rawaya, ja ja, ciki tare da haske, ruwan lemo, ratsi ja. Blossom a lokacin rani, Bloom har faɗuwar. |
| Red (kaka) | Koren duhu, an rufe shi da villi. | Babban, ja tare da dige m. |
| Mai martaba | Sama da gefen haske. | Babban, rana tare da ɗigon haske mai haske, a cikin ramin duhu mai launin shuɗi. |
| M | M, taushi, duhu. | Orange ko Scarlet. Fari, ja mai haske digo fure-fure shekara-shekara. |
| Spikelet | Grey, elongated, tare da ƙarshen nuna, tare da azaman gwal na azurfa. | Tumbin ruwan lemo, a ciki rawaya mai launin dige. |
| Linden (gloxinella) | Rowataccen, elongated, har zuwa 30 cm, launin ruwan hoda mai ruwan hoda a ƙasa, kore a sama, streaks na azurfa, mai sheki. | M a saman, launuka mai ruwan hoda tare da ɗigunan ruwan kasa. Yana fure a tsakiyar kaka. |
| Digitalis | Dogo, haske mai haske, tare da jan launi. | Haske mai haske, tare da ratsi na Lilac. A ciki, letas, tare da dige shunayya. Yana fure a farkon kaka. |
| M | Wide, har zuwa 10 cm, ya bambance tare da jijiyoyin ruwan kasa, shanyewar launi. | A waje, ja-ruwan hoda, cikin haske da ɗigon rasberi. Yana blooms duk shekara zagaye. |
| Mai Tubular | M, nuna a saman, ja a kan underside. | Ingantaccen rana, ba fadada a ƙarshen. |
| Woolen | Babban tare da ruwan sanyi mai gudana. | M tare da launin ruwan kasa da fararen fata, ciki na goge baki. |
| Dwarf (mara girman kai) | M, tare da ratsi mai haske. | Haske, lemo. |
| Haushi | Tagulla | Scarlet, furks mai launin shuɗi, burgundy. |
| Varshevich | Duhu mai duhu, mai nuna daga sama. | Lilac, bututu mai ruwan hoda da furanni masu launin shuɗi tare da launin ruwan kasa, shuɗi mai haske. |
| Rashin daidaituwa | Green, mai haske. | Ja a waje, murfin ciki da ciki. |
| Flashdance | Haske kore. | Babban, murjani, rawaya tare da furanni masu ruwan hoda da kuma fringsia na fuchsia. |
| Jester | Green tare da tint na tagulla, tare da geffan gefuna. | Haske tare da aibobi masu ruwan hoda. |
| Karl Lindbergh | Aka nuna, gefuna tare da denticles. | Lavender duhu, an rufe shi da farin dige. |
| Sarauniya Victoria | Kyawawan launuka na ciyawa. | Pink, bututun da ke ciki haske ne da jan baki. |
| Mai karatu mai karatu | M, duhu kore. | Ja mai duhu tare da farin wuya. |
| Roundley | Wadanda duhu. | Orange, fari a ciki. |
| Ruwan Persian | Green, tare da jan iyaka. | Karammiski, ja da rasberi tare da kunun zaki. |
Kulawar Gida
Koleria ba shi da ma'ana, fure mai ban mamaki, kuma sabon shiga ma yana iya ƙirƙirar yanayi mai gamsarwa.
| Gaskiya | Lokacin bazara / bazara | Lokacin sanyi / Hunturu |
| Wuri / Haske | Yammacin, taga na gabashi. Watsa, rana, ba tare da zayyana ba. | Idan ya cancanta, ƙarin haske tare da fitila. |
| Zazzabi | + 20 ... +25 ° С, ba tare da faduwa ba. Idan ya kasance mafi girma, to tushen ba zai iya samar da sabon harbe tare da abubuwa masu mahimmanci don ci gaba da ci gaba ba. | + 15 ... +17 ° С lokacin da fure ta fidda ganye. Idan babu lokacin hutawa da aka ambata, kula kamar yadda aka saba. |
| Haushi | 30% - 60%. Sanya tukunyar filawa a jikin wata karamar pallet tare da tsakuwar tsakuwa, yumɓu da aka faɗa. Yi amfani da hura iska. Kar a fesa. | |
| Watse | Matsakaici, gudanar da ruwan dumi, mai laushi, tsayayyen ruwa kowane kwanaki 5, tare da gefen tukunyar. Sun tabbata cewa ƙasa ba ta bushewa. A lokacin samuwar buds, idan ya cancanta, ana shayar da shi sau da yawa, ba tare da taɓa mai tushe ba, ganye. | Yayin hutawa - sau ɗaya a wata. Idan shuka ba ya cikin ɓarkewar fata - sau 3-4. |
| Manyan miya | Daga Afrilu zuwa Satumba, sau ɗaya kowace kwanaki 14 tare da taki na ruwa don ciyawa. | Ba a buƙata. |
A cikin iska, ana fitar da launi kawai a lokacin rani. Furen yayi girma a matsayin mai girma, amma a zai samar da daji. Girma da kuma masauki mai tushe tsunkule. Rage saman ta ɗaya bisa uku tare da tsawo na 20-30 cm tare da kayan aiki mai narkewa kafin alkalami fara farawa da yanke fiɗa.
Wannan ya zama dole don tada kodan, samuwar sabbin buds a gefen harbe.
A cikin kaka, an cire sassan wilted, don rashin lokacin hunturu ana sake shirya su a cikin dakin da yake sanyi.
Shuka da ƙasa
Ana dasa furanni sau ɗaya a shekara, mafi kyawun lokacin shine ƙarshen Maris ko farkon Afrilu ta hanyar kwanciyar hankali. A hankali shirya daji a cikin wata tukunya mai fadi da fadi. Ba a girgiza ƙasa.
An dauki ƙasa mai gina jiki, sako-sako, tare da ƙarancin acidity, haɗa turf da ƙasa mai ganye, da kuma ƙara peat da yashi (1: 2: 1: 1). Wani zaɓi shine yashi tare da humus, turf da filayen ƙasa daidai, ƙara ƙananan yanki na gawayi. Farkon farawa mai fure ya samo madaidaicin abin da aka sanya don violet.
An zaɓi tukunya filastik, amma zai fi dacewa yumbu. Ya fi ƙarfin kwanciyar hankali kuma yana riƙe da danshi daɗewa, zaɓi akwati tare da ramuka magudanar ruwa, saka tubali na 2 cm, ƙwanƙwasa, yumɓu da aka faɗa a ƙasa.
Kiwo
Fulawa masu amfani da furanni suna amfani da hanyoyi masu zuwa na haifuwa: yan itace, ganyayyaki, rarrabuwar rhizomes, tsaba.
Farfagandar da gidan ta hanyar yanka ne yake aikata kawai: yanke na sama na harba, sa a cakuda yashi da takardar ƙasa, riƙi daidai. Ana kula dasu tare da haɓakar mai haɓaka (Cornerost), kuma kwandon yana da zafi daga ƙasa. Danshi cikin ƙasa, ƙara Phytosporin zuwa ruwa don hana lalata, rufe da gilashi, ko kwalban filastik mai ruɓa tare da sashin da inda ciyawar take. A kai a kai bar iska ta shiga. Bayan dasawa, sai sati biyu ya sake dasa daban. Hakanan kafe a cikin kwano na ruwa.
Ta wannan hanyar, shuka tana zuwa da ganye. An sanya takardar tsage a cikin ruwa 1-2 cm, yana ƙara mai ƙarfafawa.
Yaduwa da tsaba daga tsakiyar hunturu zuwa ƙarshen. Zai fi kyau a same su a wani shago na musamman. Sun sa zuriyar a cikin ƙasa da aka shirya daga peat da yashi, an shayar, an rufe, ba a yin barci tare da ƙasa. Saita zafin jiki + 20 ... +24 ° C. Sama a kowace rana, da zaran harbe-harbe suna cikin makonni 2-3. Bayan bayyanar wasu zanen gado hudu. 
Ruwan Persian
Sabbin harbe, Tushen an kafa su daga rhizome. An kwashe tsararren shuka daga ƙasa, ya kasu kashi da yawa (yawanci uku). Kowane yakamata ya sami harbe biyu masu lafiya. Sanya sare da aka yayyafa da gawayi, ba da izinin bushewa. Kowane shuka a cikin gilashi tare da ƙasa mai shirya. Mai zurfafa ta 2-3 cm, murfi, ana shayar da su akai-akai da ruwa mai ɗumi.
Rashin daidaituwa ga launi girma
Idan duk ka'idojin girma ba su da mutuntawa, ƙungiyar haɗin gwiwar na iya zama ƙasa da kyan gani.
| Bayyanuwa | Dalili | Matakan magancewa |
| Bar juya launin rawaya. Abubuwan launin ruwan kasa sun bayyana. | Yayi bushewar iska Kunar rana | Wulakanta ɗakin, ɓoye daga hasken rana kai tsaye. |
| Ba ya fure. | Rashin haske, abinci mai gina jiki. Dakin yana da sanyi ko yana da zafi sosai. | Orara ko rage yawan zafin jiki, abinci. |
| Ganyen an toya. | Lokacin shayarwa ko feshewa, ruwa ya shiga. | Ana zuba ruwa a cikin kwanon. |
| Furen ya bushe ko furanni suna miƙe. | Karancin haske. | Rufe sama da phytolamps. |
| Tushen suna juyawa. | Yawan shayarwa. | Dasawa ta cire cututtukan cututtukan. |
| An dasa shuka da launin shuɗi mai launin toka. | Cutar naman gwari. | An yanke harbe-harben da aka lalata, ana bi da su tare da maganin kashe guba. |
| Kayan launin ruwan kasa. | M ruwan sanyi don ban ruwa. | Ruwa yana mai kadan. |
| Ganyayyaki sun lalace, sun bushe. | Aphids. | An tattara ta hannu, a bi da shi da soapy ruwa. |
| Bar cikin ƙananan, aibobi masu haske, curl, faɗuwa a kashe. | Spider mite. | An cire lalacewar, Aktara yana zubar da ƙasa. Wulakanta iska sau da yawa. |
| Insarfin azurfa, dige baƙi. Pollen crumbles. | Thrips. | Sarrafawa daga Spark |
| M kwari, kwari launin ruwan kasa. | Garkuwa. | Mai tsabta, sannan aka fesa shi da maganin kashe kwari (Inta-Vir, Confidor). |
| Farar farar fata a jikin harbe. | Powdery Mildew | An yanke sashin ƙasa, an kula da rhizome tare da kashe-kashe (Fundazol, Topaz). |
| Saukad da buds. | Cutar da ƙwayar baƙin ƙarfe a cikin ƙasa. | Canja ƙasa. |
