Freesia shine perenni na dangin Iris. Gida - Afirka ta yamma. Bred a Turai tun farkon karni na XIX. Ana samo shi a tsakanin ciyayi, kusa da bankunan koguna da tafkuna. Wanda aka sanya wa suna bayan masanin ilimin kimiyyar kimiyyar kere-kere na kasar Jamus, Friedrich Frieze. Furen fure mai santsi da kamshi yana da shahara ga yankan.
Siffofin Freesia
Freesia tana da wari mai ɗaci sosai, ana kiranta "Cape lily of the kwari." A tubers na shuka ana wakilta ta atypical kwan fitila a cikin haske launin ruwan kasa ko farin Sikeli, suna sabunta kowane kakar na biyu (da kwan fitila mutu, wani sabon tushe ya bayyana). Ganyayyaki suna da bakin ciki, layin layi, da elongated, tare da jijiya a tsakiya, tsayi 15-20 cm, fadi cm 1.5. Suna girma kai tsaye daga ƙasa.
Infaƙƙarfan inflorescence mai gefe ɗaya tare da kunkuntar bututu wanda aka fadada a ginin da furanni 3-6 na inuwa daban-daban. Akwai kirim, violet, ruwan hoda, shuɗi, fari, ruwan lemo. A tsakiyar watan Agusta, Bloom da kuma farin ciki tare da kallon su don sanyi. Tumbin da aka suttura mai daɗin santsi yakai 20-70 cm. fruitan itace akwati ne.
Siffofin freesia:
- Tana da ƙamshi daban-daban: Citrus, Lily na kwari, ciyawar ciyawa.
- An yanka har zuwa kwanaki 10, wanda ya kasance sabo ne da ƙanshi.
- Masu furannin furanni suna sanya ta wata bolaquet na amarya.
- Amfani da shi don ƙirƙirar ruhohi.
- Rawaya mai launin rawaya-ja yana ƙaruwa mafi sauri.
- Ya shahara tsakanin masu zanen fili, ƙirƙirar kyakkyawan kyakkyawan gadaje na fure, a cikin lambuna.
Za a iya samun nasarar girma a cikin Freesia a cikin kasar, a cikin gidan gona, greenhouse, daki.
Iri da nau'in freesia
Daga cikin nau'ikan tsire-tsire 20, masu noman fure suna noma uku.
| Dubawa | Bayanin | Furanni | Turare |
| Armstrong | Kara har zuwa 70 cm. Inflorescence a matsayin panicle. Yana fure a cikin Mayu da Yuni. | Siffar Bell, rasberi, ruwan hoda, shunayya, ruwan lemo. | Citrus |
| Karye (ba a yarda) | Short (40 cm) tare da rauni mai yaduwa harbe. Saɓanin kararwa 2-4. Yana tasowa a watan Afrilu. | Farar fata, lemu mai haske. | Lily na kwari. |
| Damuwa | Ya kai tsawon 1 m, 7-9 inflorescences. | Fari, Scarlet. | Rashin daidaituwa: fure, mai rauni, mara kamshi. |
Akwai nau'ikan furanni tare da fure a cikin layi ɗaya (terry), biyu ko fiye.
| Digiri | Bayanin | Furanni | Turare |
| Cardinal | Har zuwa 70 cm, yana da shinge uku na 30 cm. | Scarlet, ruwan hoda mai ruwan hoda. | Kusan ba a sani ba. |
| Yar rawa | A kan shinge 25-30 cm tsayi, kimanin furanni 12. | Rage, fari, rawaya tushe. | Tart. |
| Odorata | 30 cm tsayi, inflorescences 3-7. | Rawaya da ruwan lemo. | Lily na kwari. |
| Pimperina | Short, har zuwa 20 cm, 7 inflorescences. | Babban, ja mai duhu tare da baki, rawaya a tsakiya, mai kauri. | Mai rauni sosai. |
| Lilac | Tsayin 80 cm 80. Tsakanin madaidaiciya guda biyu, ƙyalƙyali mai fasalin gaske. Yana faduwa da sauri. | Wanda ba shi da biyu, Lilac, a tsakiyar fari. | Ba bayyana. |
| Caramel | Tall, har zuwa 80 cm, fure 7-8. | Manyan, ja-kasa-kasa. | Ba mai ƙarfi. |
| Helsinki | Ya kai 60-70 cm, mai laushi, ganye mai narkewa. | M, Lilac, tare da launin rawaya mai launin shuɗi. | ,Arfi, na bakin ciki. |
| Sonnet | Girma a cikin gidajen kore, har zuwa 85 cm, fure 11. | Scarlet tare da tabon orange. | Aka ayyana mai dadi. |
| Alisabatu | Renarshen Perennial har zuwa cm 85. 3-4 peduncles akan shuka ɗaya. | Haske mai launin shuɗi, ba terry. | Mai dabara. |
| Red Lyon | Tall, har zuwa 80 cm. | Manyan, terry, ja mai haske. | Lily na kwari. |
| Ruwan hoda | Perennial, blooms har zuwa 25 kwanaki. | Kodadde ruwan hoda, babba tare da farin tsakiyar. | Strongarfi, sabo. |
| Ambassador White | Har zuwa 50 cm, tsayi, ganye mai haske. | Dusar ƙanƙara mai-fari, tare da dutsen beige a gindi. | Spicy. |
| Mafi Kyawun Orange | Har zuwa 40-4-50 cm. | Orange tare da duhu makogwaro. | Jasmin |
| White swan | Dogaro mai nauyi zuwa 50 cm. | Fari, tare da ratsi mai kirim. | Chill juya cikin fure. |
| Sarauta Saratu | Heights daban-daban daga 40-70 cm. | Manyan, shuɗi. | Ba bayyana. |
Noma waje na freesia
Shuka da kulawa a cikin filin don furanni yana da fasali da yawa. Buds akan daji har zuwa 40 cm ana kafa su a cikin Yuli, Bloom a watan Agusta. Ji daɗin fitar da freesia har sai Oktoba. Bayan yankan dukkan furanni, sai a sake ruwa a ciki sannan a bar su har lokacin hakar.
Yanayin girma
Tall bushes na buƙatar tallafi, shigar da grid kwance, trellis. Freesia ta fi son awannin hasken rana har zuwa awanni 12 zuwa 14, wani shiri ba tare da zane ba, hasken rana kai tsaye tare da karancin penumbra. Sun haƙa ƙasa sosai, suna kwance ta. Plantedaukacin nau'in tsiro mara lalacewa ana shuka su kusa, ana shuka nau'in tsiron nesa nesa.
Zazzabi da ake buƙata shine + 22 ° C. A cikin yanayin zafi ko sanyi, furanni sun rasa siffar su.
Za'a iya yanke Freesia lokacin da wasu biyu ko fiye suka bayyana. Furanni masu bushe sun bushe. Kasa ta kwance, an sako ciyawa. Da yamma, ana baza harbe da ganyayyaki.
Saukowa
Da farko, an shirya corms: ana bi da su tare da Fitosporin, an dasa shi a cikin kwantena 5 cm, moisturized, kuma hagu a cikin haske. Watanni biyu bayan haka, an sanya su a cikin ƙasa mai tazara, mai numfashi tare da tsaka tsaki ko ɗanɗano ruwan acidic.
Ana dasa shuran fitila lokacin sanyi lokacin sanyi ya wuce zurfin 9-12 cm da 3-5 cm daga juna, tsakanin layuka har zuwa cm 15. Wurin da aka zaɓa yana da haske, ba a girgiza shi daga bishiyoyi da bishiyoyi ba, lokacin shine Afrilu ko Mayu. Zazzabi kada ya faɗi ƙasa + 15 ° C kuma kada ya yi sama da + 18 ° C, in ba haka ba freesia ba zai yi fure ba. Bayan dasa, an ciyawar da ƙasa. Kwararan fitila suna shayar da yawa, suna shuka har tsawon sati uku, sannan ana rage ruwa.
Manyan miya
Bayan germination, an gabatar da ammonium nitrate kuma a lokacin girma girma 3-4 sau. To, kowane mako biyu - superphosphate da potassium gishiri.
Watse
Shayar da fure a ƙarƙashin tushe, yawanci kafin tsakar rana, don hana lalacewar ƙwayoyin cuta. Sakamakon shayar maraice, ganye bazai bushewa ba, kuma rage zafin jiki zai haifar da rashin lafiya. Itace tana son ƙasa mai daɗin danshi, amma ba tare da tsauraran ruwa ba. Bayan fure, an rage yawan watering, gaba daya ya tsaya a farkon Oktoba.
Freesia a gida
Girma da kulawa a gida ya fi sauki fiye da ajiye fure a waje. An zaɓi nau'ikan masu ƙananan girma har zuwa cm 25. Lokacin da aka dasa fure a cikin kaka, zai yi fure a cikin hunturu.
Kirkirar yanayi
Sanya fure a gabashin, windows windows, ba tare da zane-zane ba. A cikin hunturu, ana amfani da hasken wucin gadi. Gashi mai tushe ne mai rauni wanda ba ya karyewa, kafa goyon baya (lattice na ado, firam waya).
Shayar kamar yadda ƙasa ta bushe, zauna, ruwan sama, tace ruwa. Yayyafa da yamma, ba tare da taɓa petals da buds.
An ciyar da su tare da wuraren sarrafa ma'adinai sau biyu a wata. An yanke furanni masu bushe don adana abinci mai gina jiki ga waɗansu.
Saukowa
An zaɓi tukunya da ƙwallon da ya kai 15 cm, an gurɓata. Yankakken yumɓu ko ɓawon dutse ana zubar a ƙasa, a saman shine gawayi da cakuda ƙasa turɓaya, peat, yashi, tare da ƙari da abincin ƙashi da toka. Sanya albasarta 6 zuwa zurfin 5 cm a cikin kwano ɗaya. Saita zazzabi zuwa +15 ° C, haɓaka lokacin da ganyen farko suka bayyana, sannan ruwa.
Kulawar Freesia bayan fure
A cikin bazara, a ƙarshen fure, an haƙa tubers, an adana har zuwa shekara ta gaba.
A cikin gida
An yanke filayen sama, ana shayar da tushen don watanni 1-1.5 don samuwar yara. Sannan an fitar dashi, ayi dashi da manganese, a bushe a + 25 ... 28 ° С. Sannan ana jerawa, zaɓi na lalacewa, na lalacewa.
A cikin ƙasa buɗe
A lokacin da a watan Oktoba da ganye platinum juya launin rawaya, sun tono sama corms, yanke da mai tushe, bawo, da kuma warware su. Ana aiwatar da rigakafi (an sarrafa shi a Fitosporin, Azobacterin), bushe da sanya shi cikin ajiya.
A cikin yanayin dumin yanayi, an bar kayan dasa don hunturu, an rufe shi da maɓallin ciyawa.
Adana kwan fitila
Adana kayan shuka a wuri mai duhu, a raga, a cikin babban zafi da zafin jiki + 29 ... +31 ° C, makonni 12-16, sannan ƙananan (sati biyu kafin dasawa) zuwa + 12 ... +13 ° С.
Freesia yaduwa
Propagate fure tare da kwararan fitila, tsaba.
Bayan digging, kwararan fitila sun rabu da mahaifiyar kuma suna dasa daban a cikin bazara. A wannan rukunin yanar gizon, yara sun girma. An cire su, an share su a cikin kaka, a bushe, a adana har sai lokacin bazara, a lokacin rani za su yi fure.
Ranar da za a shuka, an lalata iri tare da manganese. Sannan ku zurfafa ta 1 cm a cikin kwalaye tare da cakuda yashi, peat, humus daidai. Rufe tare da fim, watsa ruwa a kai a kai, kula da yawan zafin jiki na + 20 ... +25 ° C, ba da ruwa a ƙasa. Ana tsammanin fitowar tsiro bayan kwanaki 23-25, ana shayar, an cire ciyawa, an haɗo shi da abun da ake kira potassium-phosphorus a kowane mako.
Cire haske a cikin haske. Juya seedlings a nesa na 5 cm daga juna. Zazzabi ya fi dacewa +20 ° C da babban zafi, sannan a saukar da su zuwa + 14 ° C, wanda aka dasa akan titin a ƙarshen Mayu.
Mr. Dachnik yayi kashedin: cututtuka da kwari na freesia
Idan kwararan fitila basa tsabtace su ko kuma aka kula dasu da kuskure, freesia an fallasa shi ga cututtukan fungal da kwari.
| Cutar / kwaro | Bayyanuwa | Aiwatarwa |
| Grey rot | Brown spots tare da launin toka mai launin toka. | Alirin-B, Trichodermin. |
| Kwayar Musa | A kan shuka, daskararren aibobi a cikin wani tsari, sannan ya juya launin rawaya. | Fundazol. |
| Fusarium | Ganyayyaki sun zama bakin ciki, launin rawaya, bushe. | Fitovit, Previkur. |
| Scab | Yellowing, wilting daga cikin tukwici na ganye. Brown launin toka a kasan tushe. A shuka lays. | Ba za a iya bi da su ba. |
| Spider mite | A cikin ganyayyaki da sanduna na yanar gizo. | Actellic, Fitoverm ko sabulu sabulu. |
| Aphids | Harbe da ganye suna m, bushe, baƙi. | Cire sassan da suka lalace. Sabulu bayani tare da itacen ash ko Karbofos, Tanrek. |
| Thrips | Fuskokin furannin fure, akwai dige da yawa akan su, aibobi masu launin ruwan kasa suna cikin ƙananan ɓangaren. | Mospilanom, Actara. |
Aikace-aikacen Freesia
Furen yana da fa'ida a kan gadaje na fure, iyakoki, a cikin bouquets, haɗe tare da cyclamen, Lily, magnolia. Freesia tana yin kwalliyar bouquets don duk wani bikin, ana amfani dashi wajen ƙanshin turare, samfuran kulawa na jiki.
Bugu da ƙari, ƙanshinta yana taimakawa tare da tashin hankali, damuwa, rage bacci, da inganta haɓaka. An yi imanin cewa fure yana ba da mai ƙarfi ga mai shi, yana ba da ƙarfin zuciya, yana kare sojojin.
