Nasturtium: iri, iri, dasa da kulawa

Nasturtium (capuchin) dangin Nasturtium ne, akwai nau'ikan 90 daban-daban. Tana da tushen asalin Kudancin Amurka, amma a cikin yanayin mawuyacin halin yana girma kamar yadda ya kamata.

Nasturtium ya sami karɓuwa sanadiyyar saboda ƙyamar kulawarsa a cikin kulawa, kasancewar kaddarorin warkarwa, da kyakkyawan dandano. Yana da rarrabuwa cikin tsararrun shekaru da na shekara-shekara.

Bayani da sifofin nasturtium

Itace itaciya ce mai kauri mai ƙarfi, wasu tsirrai suna wakilta su daga tsintsaye. Ganyen tsire-tsire suna lobed, furanni sune talakawa, akwai nau'ikan 2, rabin biyu da biyu. Amincewa da petals 5, dangane da iri-iri, adadinsu na iya ƙaruwa. Abubuwan inuwa suna wakilta launin rawaya da ja, an ba su kuzari da kayan warkarwa.

Iri da nau'in nasturtium

Nasturtium yana da nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan iri iri da iri, kowane ɗayansu na musamman ne, yana da fasali da yawa. Yi la'akari da mafi mashahuri a cikinsu.

Kasashen waje

Otsan buɗe ido a tsayi na iya girma har zuwa m 3. M.

Yana da ƙananan furanni, kyakkyawan kyakkyawan rawaya mai launin rawaya. Ganyen harbe zai iya zama 5 ko 7 daban. Lokacin da girma a tsakiyar latitudes na ƙasar, da tsaba ba su da isasshen lokaci zuwa ripen.

Babban

Otsan buɗe ido suna da laushi, amma suna yi sosai. Suna girma da tsawan tsayi tsawon mita 2.5. Iyaye iri ne madaidaici da kuma creeping. Dukkanin waɗannan ƙananan ana amfani dasu daidai don ado na lambuna, gazebos.

Flow yana farawa a farkon watan bazara (Yuni), yana ƙare da farkon kaka. Gudanar da kai yana da kyau kwarai ga wannan nau'in, tsaba suna iya kiyaye germination har tsawon shekaru 4, a ƙarƙashin yanayin ajiya mai kyau.

Wannan nau'in yana da nau'ikan da yawa, kowannensu bai yi kama da na sauran ba:

Al'adu

Tsarin iri ne. Harbe yana da fure mai yawa, kore, shunayya. Mafi mashahuri don tsayawa a kan gaba da sauran nau'ikan. An rarraba nau'o'i da tsayi:

• Karamin - girma zuwa 0.5 m ba ga tsawo.
• Creeping - mafi tsawo, har zuwa 4 m a tsawon.
• Dwarf - karami, kawai 20 cm.

Waɗannan sharuɗɗan sun haɗa da nau'ikan:

Smallarami

Abubuwan harbe suna na bakin ciki, da kyau sosai, amma na ƙanana ne, matsakaicin cm 35. Ganyen suna girma a cikin garkuwa, dan kadan a zagaye. Furanni masu ƙanƙane a cikin girman, launin rawaya a launi tare da duhu duhu akan farfajiya.

Fulawa ya fara a watan Yuni, ya ƙare a watan Oktoba.

Jikin thyroid

Yana wakiltar bishiyoyi masu rarrafe, tare da matukar rarrabewa, amma mai tushe mai tushe. Abun harbe masu duhu kore ne mai launi, suna iya kaiwa tsawansu har zuwa 4. M ganye shima duhu inuwa. Furanni kansu suna da kyawawan launuka masu kyau. Flow yana farawa a watan Yuni, ƙarshen ya faɗi a watan Oktoba, duk da haka, ya dogara da yankin, tare da farkon sanyi, an rage fure.

Yawancin masu girbe furanni suna son da yawa da ake kira Lucifer. Tana da bushesan tsaye, tsayin danshi wanda ya kai cm 25. Gashi mai tushe ne a launi, ganye suna da girma, har ma da launin kore, wani lokacin suna da sauƙin sauyawa zuwa duhu ja.

A buds ne mai sauki, orange-burgundy. Baya ga nau'ikan Lucifer, iri irin su Azure, Multi-leaved, Ciliated, Tri-colors, da Fine ana amfani dasu don ado. Koyaya, waɗannan nau'ikan basu dace da namowa a tsakiyar latitude na ƙasarmu ba.

Siffofin girma nasturtium

Werswararrun masu siye da fure sun bambanta maki 5 wanda dole ne a lura da shi sosai don cimma sakamako mafi girma yayin girma nasturtium:

• Wannan tsire-tsire yana da Tushen kudu, a sakamakon, shi thermophilic. Lokacin saukowa kai tsaye ya dogara da wannan. Idan kayi sauri tare da wannan al'amari, akwai babbar haɗarin rasa tsaba, saboda kawai suna mutuwa daga sanyi.
• Domin fitar da wasu wuraren girke-girke na gida, ya zama dole don samar da seedlings kusa da Afrilu. An ba da shawarar dasa seedlings na musamman a cikin kofuna na peat, ko kuma a cikin na musamman tare da tushe mai ɓoyuwa, kamar yadda nasturtium ke da asalinsu mai laushi sosai.
• Shuka shuka. Dangane da wannan, ya zama dole sanya shuka a cikin sararin samaniya wanda yake da haske ta hanyar hasken rana, ko a cikin wata karamar inuwar haske. Wanda ba a kula dashi ba, saboda karancin hasken rana, shuka zai mutu.
• A kan batun ƙasa, nasturtium ya fi son m, ƙasa drained. A karkashin irin wannan yanayi, shuka za ta yi kyau sosai, amma furanni ba za su ci gaba ba. Babu dalilinda yakamata kuyi amfani da taki sabo. Na takin zamani, ana bada shawarar hadaddun abubuwa tare da phosphorus da potassium.
• Don haɓaka mai dacewa, ana buƙatar ƙasa mai laushi. Matasa harbe suna buƙatar yin shayarwa na yau da kullun, a wannan yanayin ne kawai zasu sami damar girma sosai. Da zaran nasturtium ya fara yin fure, ana yin ruwa kawai idan ana bushewa ƙasa, in ba haka ba shuka ba zai iya samun isasshen adadin furanni da ganyayyaki ba. Idan akwai laima sosai, akwai haɗarin kamuwa da cutar rot.

Hanyar kiwo nasturtium

Kamar yadda yake da sauran tsirrai, don nasturtium, hanya mafi inganci na yaduwa shine shuka iri.

Sau da yawa ana shuka su nan da nan a cikin ƙasa bude, kusa da ƙarshen Mayu, da zaran da daskararru wuce. Don yin wannan, da farko shirya tsagi na musamman, zurfin wanda ya zama bai wuce 2 cm ba, tare da nisa tsakanin su na akalla cm 25 Ana ba da shawarar sanya tsaba of 2-4 guda tare, ana yin wannan don a ƙirƙiri rosette mai lush.

Bayan dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa, dole ne a rufe su da wani yanki na ƙasa, amma ƙarami. Idan ana cikin ruwan sanyi, an rufe filin saukar da fim don ci gaba da ɗumi. Ana iya lura da harbi bayan kwana 10. 'Ya'yan itacen kwari suna farawa wata daya.

Yana yiwuwa a fara fure, domin wannan nasturtium dole ne a shuka shi domin shuki a watan Afrilu. A saboda wannan dalili, ana amfani da tukwane na peat, yashi da peat, suna da tsaba 2-3. An nutsar da su a cikin ƙasa zuwa zurfin da bai wuce 2 cm ba. A lokaci guda, ana sanya kwantena tare da seedlings a wani wuri mai dacewa don haɓaka.

Wannan isasshen haske ne ga dakin, yayin da yawan zafin jiki a ciki kada ya wuce +22 ° C.

Idan babu adadin hasken da ake buƙata a cikin ɗakin, shuka ya fara girma da ƙarfi, amma a lokaci guda ya fara rauni.

Don adana alamun tsire-tsire na ornamental, masu girbi na fure suna ba da shawarar yaduwa ta hanyar katako. Ana amfani da wannan hanya mafi kyau a cikin yanayin greenhouse. Da zaran furanni ya bayyana, ana shuka tsire-tsire a cikin ƙasa da aka shirya musamman a cikin tukwane, ko kuma nan da nan a buɗe ƙasa. Koyaya, batun dasawa yana da matukar wahala, tunda tushen tsarin tsiro ke da wuya.

Kulawar Nasturtium na waje

Don ƙirƙirar yanayi mai kyau don nasturtium, kuna buƙatar zaɓar wurin da yafi rana a gonar. Bugu da kari, kasar gona dole ne a drained. Idan lemun tsami ya kasance a cikin ƙasa, ba za a shuka shuka a wurin ba.

Saukowa a cikin bude ƙasa ana yi a farkon watan bazara.

Domin kada ya lalata tsarin tushen tsiro na shuka ta kowace hanya, dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa ya kamata a aiwatar da tukwane na tukwane.

A kasar gona ya zama ya kasance matsakaici m. Wani muhimmin al'amari a cikin wannan al'amari shine bambanci tsakanin ruwan karkashin kasa akan saiti, in ba haka ba tushen zai fara jujjuyawa, cutar zata lalace. Idan an shuka shi tare da tsire-tsire, wajibi ne don kula da nesa na akalla 20 cm tsakanin tsire-tsire.

Nan da nan bayan dasa, ya zama dole don ciyawa kasar gona, ana yin wannan ne domin ciyawar ciyawar da alama bata bayyana.

Watering wajibi ne akai-akai, na tsari, amma saboda ruwan yana da lokaci don ɗauka a cikin ƙananan yadudduka na ƙasa, har zuwa ƙananan yadudduka na tushen tsarin shuka.

Don tabbatar da ƙaƙƙarfan fure mai ƙarfi don amfani da riguna na sama bisa tushen potassium da phosphorus. Godiya ga su, tsaba suna girma cikin sauri, sannan su faɗi ƙasa da kansu.

Idan son seeding ba a buƙatar, fure wilted ana yanka nan da nan. Kusa da kaka, ana rage yawan ban ruwa, ayyukan ƙasa sun bushe, nasturtium ya lalace gaba ɗaya.

Tarin Nasturtium iri

Don tattara tsaba, an rage ɓangaren fure guda ɗaya; fure furanni wanda aka kafa tsaba ba a cire shi ba. Su masu launin shuɗi ne a launi, maimakon girma babba. A lokacin karbar tsaba, suna kore. Bayan kwanaki 50, sun girma, suna samun launin toka.

Domin samun tsaba, ba kwa buƙatar jira har sai sun faɗi kuma takan fara shuka kai. Sa'an nan, ana sanya tsaba a cikin jaka na takarda, inda suke tsammanin lokacin dumi na gaba na shekara.

Cututtuka da kwari na nasturtium

Nasturtium ba shi da rigakafi ga wasu cututtuka, kwari. Bayan haka, har yanzu akwai wasu cututtukan da nasturtium ke aiki da su.

Mafi na kowa shi ne rot rot. An bayyana wannan ta tabe-ruwan lemu-launin shuɗi akan ganyayyaki. Tare da cutar, ana lalata tsire-tsire masu ƙonewa, ƙonewa. Ana yayyafa tsire-tsire masu maƙwabta tare da wani bayani na musamman, aikin wanda shine ya rusa wakilai na cutar.

Amfani da nasturtium a cikin shimfidar wuri

Nasturtiums shine murfin ƙasa, daji da hawa. Wannan yana da mahimmanci a la'akari, musamman lokacin da aka tsara takamaiman shimfidar wuri, bayani na ado. Ana iya amfani dashi da kyau don ƙirƙirar inuwa ta wucin gadi a cikin gazebos, don ƙirƙirar shinge kore. Hakanan, tare da taimakonsa, zaku iya ɓoye ɓoyayyun bayyane a bangon gine-gine, don wannan kuna buƙatar dasa shuka kusa da su.

Shuke iri, ana bada shawara sanya shi a cikin manyan tukwane, cikakke ne don wuri kusa da ƙofar zuwa dafa abinci na bazara.

Girma nasturtium a gida

Hakanan za'a iya amfani da wannan shuka azaman ado don baranda ko windowsill. Kuma ba kamar yadda shimfidar wuri a gonar ba. Girma a gida kusan babu bambanci da girma a cikin ƙasa.

Bambanci kawai, ɗakin da shuka yake, zai buƙaci ya kasance tare da iska sau da yawa, tunda yana buƙatar iska mai tsabta. Kuma sauran iri daya ne, yin sha, manyan miya bisa tsarin.

Mista Dachnik ya ba da shawarar: warkar da kaddarorin nasturtium

An dauki Nasturtium a matsayin tsiro na musamman. Yana da kyawawan bayyanar ba kawai ba, har ma da jerin kyawawan kaddarorin.

A cikin sinadaran abun da ke ciki na shuka akwai bitamin, abubuwanda aka gano. Ana amfani da ganyayyaki matasa a dafa abinci, an haɗa su da kayan miya, sandwiches, saladi, kayan lemo, marinades.

Maanshi mai daɗin yaji na nasturtium yana ba naman ɗanɗano mai dandano.

Baya ga kayan aikin namo, nasturtium wani bangare ne na kayan kwalliyar halitta. Ana amfani dashi akan dandruff, fuskokin fata iri daban-daban akan kan mutum. Hakanan, abubuwan haɗin mutum daga abun da ke ciki suna taimakawa ƙara haɓaka gashi. Daga cikin tsaba zaka iya shirya kayan ado na musamman wanda ke buƙatar shafa gashinka. Wannan zai ba su haske da ƙarfi.

Baya ga duk wannan, wannan tsiron ya ƙunshi mahimmancin mai, wanda ke taimaka wa matsalolin narkewa, da kuma ƙarfafar lafiyar mutum baki ɗaya. Reean Creeper buds suna da kyau sosai don rage kumburi; nasturtium wani ɓangare ne na maganin shafawa da kuma maganin rage jin zafi daban-daban.

Akwai magunguna dangane da wannan fure. Ana amfani dasu don hauhawar jini, tashin zuciya, da mura.

Baya ga fa'ida ga mutane, furen shima yana amfanuwa da gonar. Godiya ga warin da yake motsawa, tana tsoratar da wasu kwari daga kanta, da kuma daga wasu tsirrai.