'Ya'yan Azalea' ya'yan inabi basa cikin manya-manyan hikimomin girke-girke: wannan shine ɗayan nau'ikan tebur da suka dace da 'ya'yan inabi na fari. Sakamakon tsayin dusar ƙanƙancinta da ƙarancin girma zuwa yanayin girma, yana mamaye wuri mai ƙarfi a cikin jerin nau'ikan da suka girma a cikin gidajen rani da kuma nau'in al'adun masana'antu.
Tarihin girma Azalea inabi
A halin yanzu, albarku ta ci gaba, yana da alaƙa da ci gaban inabari zuwa arewa, a cikin waɗancan yankuna inda a baya canjin irin waɗannan berriesanyanan itacen da ba mai yiwuwa ba ne. Wannan ya haifar da zurfin bincike na kimiyya da nufin ƙirƙirar sabon nau'ikan inabi na matasan tare da juriya mai sanyi. Musamman shahararrun sune nau'in tebur, wanda shine, tabbas, saboda gaskiyar cewa salon rayuwa mai kyau yana cikin salon, kuma kowane giya mai kyau ya zama akwai a cikin sarƙoƙi. Fresh inabi a kasuwa har yanzu suna da tsada sosai, kuma kowane mazaunin rani yayi ƙoƙari ya ɓoye kansa tare da berries daga makircin nasa.
Wannan ba za a ce bayyanar zaan itacen Azalea ya yi fice ba, amma don iri-iri na farko wannan ba shine babban abin ba
Halittar sabbin hanyoyin samarwa ana aiwatar da su ba wai kawai ta cibiyoyi na musamman ba, har ma da masu sha'awar mashahuri, wadanda daga cikinsu akwai shahararrun jarumai a kasarmu. Ofayansu Vasily Ulyanovich Kapelyushny.
Vasily Ulyanovich ya kasance injiniyan injiniyan, ma'aikacin titi ta hanyar sana'a. Ya yi aiki a kan aikin layin dogo, sannan a masana'antun Rostov daban-daban, misali, Rostselmash. Shiga cikin abinci tun daga 1969. A ƙarshen ƙarni na 20, lokacin da aka aza gonar inabin ta ta zama gonar inabi 300 a cikin yankuna na free na yankin Aksai. Nan da nan ya ƙi nau'in giya Kapelushny kuma ya fara hulɗa da canteens kawai. Tun daga 1991, V. U. Kapelyushny ya jagoranci gonar "Fata", wanda ya dogara da nau'ikan Talisman, Nadezhda Aksayskaya, Vostorg, Augustin, Original, Kodryanka da sauransu. A gona ke tsiro seedlings na innabi iri dake tsayayya wa kwaro mai haɗari - phylloxera.
A tsakiyar shekarun 1990s, a ƙarƙashin jagora na I. A. Kostrikin kuma tare da haɗin gwiwa tare da VNIIViV im. Ya. I. Potapenko V. U. Kapelyushny ya ɗauki gicciyen farko na nau'in innabi mai tsauri a tsakanin su. Hybridan farkon nasarar da aka samu sun hada da 'Monte Cristo', Crimson, Melina. Yawancin nau'ikan halittar da aka kirkira sun samo asali ne daga tsallake wasu sanannun innabi, kamar su Talisman, Arcadia, Raisins, da sauransu.
An samo Azalea ta hanyar pollination na ruwan inabi na Vostorg tare da cakuda pollen daga nau'ikan Nadezhda Aksayskaya da Tayfi a tsaye. Rashin daidaituwa yana haifar da shuka tare da itacen inabin mai ƙarfi wanda aka rufe da kyawawan berries. Azalea farkon innabi ne na tebur.
A halin yanzu, ana iya samun Azalea a cikin lambu da dama da kuma ƙungiyar masu shayarwa: tsayin daka mai sanyi ya haifar da yaduwar wannan nau'in a duk ƙasar. Tare da kulawa da kyau na inabul Azalea, masu mallakarta suna karɓar babban amfanin kyawawan kyawawan girma da babba, ya dace ba kawai don amfanin mutum ba, har ma da siyarwa.
Bayanin sa
Own bushes na Azalea inabi, wato, bushes samu daga rooting cuttings wannan iri-iri, da matsakaici girma ƙarfi. A lokacin girma, itacen inabin na iya samar da nisan mita biyu na girma. An bayyana siffar daji tare da haɓaka na halitta kamar hawaye, yaduwa. A iri ne halin da kyau rooting na cuttings da kuma m ci gaban mai iko tushen tsarin, kazalika da wuri da kuma kusan duka ripening na harbe. Koyaya, yawancin masana suna ba da shawarar shuka shi a bushes na nau'in innabi mai tsayi.
'Yan mazaunin rani kalilan ne ke tsunduma cikin harkar, amma a yanayin Azalea, wannan na da amfani
Fushin sanyi na daji yayi yawa: an lura cewa bayan sanyi ya sauka zuwa -25 game daTare da Azalea, yana da cikakken kula da yawan amfanin ƙasa kuma yana ba da berries mai kyan gani, ɗanɗano kuma a cikin yawan da aka saba.
Lokacin da girma a cikin tsakiyar yankin ƙasarmu, ba da izinin shuke-shuke don hunturu ba, amma kamar yadda suke faɗa, "yana da daraja busa cikin ruwa." Rashin sanyi mai tsananin sanyi yanzu yanada wuya, amma suna faruwa. Saboda haka, cire vines daga trellises da sauki tsari ga hunturu da wuya daraja la'akari.
An kiyasta tsayayya ga mildew, launin toka da oidium a maɓuɓɓuka da yawa daga maki 2 zuwa 3.5, wato, juriya na cutar iri-iri ya fi matsakaici. Akwai wani ra'ayi mai ban sha'awa cewa "saboda saurin tsufa na daji, fungi ba su ci gaba da girma ba." Za ku iya, ba shakka, yin murmushi ga wannan hanyar gabatar da tambayar, amma gaskiyar ta kasance cewa fesawa ya zama dole ne kawai a cikin yanayi mara kyau ga al'adun innabi: An bada shawarar yin rigakafin jiyya na 1-2.
Fruiting yana farawa shekaru 2-3 bayan dasa shuki na shekara-shekara a cikin dindindin. Furen a Azalea bisexual ne, wanda ba a shakkar dashi ba ga mazauna bazara tare da ƙananan masu girma shafin: dasa shuki na biyu na kowane irin don manufar pollination na furanni ba a buƙata. Azalea yana daya daga cikin nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'i na farkon lokacin ripening: daga farkon toho Blooming zuwa ripening na farkon berries kadan fiye da watanni uku, da kuma bayan watanni 3.5, wato, a tsakiyar - ƙarshen watan Agusta, lokacin ya zo don girbin taro, adadin adadin wanda ya isa sama sama.
Gunguron Alarleas na girma zuwa girma masu girma. Tsarin su ya kusanto zuwa conical. A matsakaici, taro na kowane gungu bai kai kilo 1 kg ba, amma wasu wakilai sun girma zuwa kilogiram 1.2-1.5. Crest ƙarami ne, ɗaukar berries a cikin tarin yana daɗaɗaɗaɗaɗaɗaɗawa. Ban ruwa ne kadan, watau ƙarami, ba a cika samun berries ba.
Bunches yana jurewa da sufuri mai nisa, saboda haka Azalea galibi yana girma cikin manyan masana'antar noma.
The berries manyan ne, masu launuka masu yawa, amma dangane da launin ruwan hoda, siffar berries ba ta daɗewa, maimakon a hana ta, amma elongation yayi ƙanana. Matsakaicin tsayi zuwa diamita bai wuce 10% ba tare da matsakaicin girman kimanin kimanin cm 2.5. Babban taro na berries daga 10 zuwa 14 g. Berries suna da daɗi: abun da ke cikin sukari ya kai 23%, da acid - 5-6 g / l kawai. Haka kuma, dandano ba za a iya kira shi da sugary ba. Fatar fata ba kusan ganuwa lokacin cin berries.
Berries sami damar zama a kan bushes na dogon lokaci ba tare da asarar high kasuwanci halaye: da dandano da bayyanar. A iri ne kusan ba spoiled by wasps da sauran kwari kwari. Rage berries a cikin yanayin babban zafi ba na hali na wannan iri-iri. Amfani da berries cikakke ne na duniya: ana iya cin su sabo, shirya ruwan 'ya'yan itace, ana amfani dashi a wasu nau'ikan blank. Dukkanin abubuwan da aka lura na ofan innabi iri-iri na Azalea sun ba shi kyawawan abubuwa don namo gida na bazara da kuma gonaki da ke tsaka-tsaki don abubuwan kasuwanci.
Bidiyo: girbin innabi na Azalea a kan bushes
Halayen Azalea inabi
Dangane da bayanin da ke sama na irin nau'in 'ya'yan inabi na Azalea, dole ne muyi ƙoƙarin bayar da halaye na gaba ɗaya, tare da taƙaita fa'idodi da rashin amfani. A wannan yanayin, jerin ab advantagesbuwan amfãni za su daɗe, amma akwai kuma rashin nasara. Don haka, daga cikin tabbatattun fa'idodin Azaleas sune:
- ɗanɗano mai kyau na berries;
- bayyanar kayayyaki;
- Daidaitawar da berries a cikin size, rashi “bawo” a cikin gungu: kusan babu kananan berries;
- adana amfanin gona na tsawon lokaci, gami da rashin girbi, amma ya kasance akan bushes;
- ingantaccen jigilar kaya na bunches: bayyanar da dandano na berries ba sa wahala yayin jigilar kaya;
- ripening sosai a farkon: bisa ga wasu sake dubawa, za a iya la'akari da bambancin ko da superearly;
- cikakken yawan aiki;
- bisexual furanni: Azalea baya buƙatar kasancewar a cikin maƙwabta na wani nau'in innabi daban-daban wanda ke yin aikin pollinator;
- jure yanayin zafi mai zafi: rashin fashewar berries a lokacin damina;
- babban juriya mai sanyi, wanda ke ba da izinin shuki a cikin winters na yau da kullun a tsakiyar layi don yin ba tare da tsari;
- juriya da mildew da oidium.
Koyaya, juriya game da cututtukan fungal da karin kwari shine matsakaiciyar matsakaici. Kuma idan mildew da phylloxera suna da ɗan ƙaramin tasiri da wannan ire-iren, to, sauran cututtuka masu haɗari ne a gare ta da kuma ga yawancin tsire-tsire innabi.
Akwai kaɗan bayyane bayyanannun flaws na Azalea iri-iri. Rashin dacewar masana sunyi la'akari da:
- ba ma m bayyanar da berries (da kyau, wannan, ba shakka, ba don kowa ba);
- rashin juriya ga cututtuka da yawa;
- da bukatar samar da bayanai ga bakin haure don kauce wa cika yawan dajin;
- ba manya girma karfi na daji, tilasta yin amfani da Azalea vaccinations a kan wasu iri domin ya kara harba samuwar da kuma yawan aiki.
Duk da waɗannan gazawar, ya kamata a gane cewa Azalea yana ɗaya daga cikin nau'in innabi na gargajiya da aka girma a cikin ƙananan rani da kuma manyan gonaki. A iri-iri ba ma capricious, yana da high sanyi juriya, ya sami damar girma a cikin yankuna kudancin, da kuma a tsakiyar layin, da kuma a cikin yankunan da matsananci sauyin yanayi. Farkon tsirar amfanin gona ya sa ya zama mai ban sha'awa da kasuwanci.
Siffofin dasa da girma
Masana da waɗanda suka riga sun dasa Azalea a yankunansu, sun yi imani da cewa kula da wannan nau'in abu ne mai sauqi. Idan muka yi la’akari da halayen tsiron sa da narkarda su idan aka kwatanta da sauran nau’ikan, ya kamata a gane cewa su kusan babu su. Azalea shine mafi yawan kullun kayan yau da kullun na zamani, wanda aka san shi a farkon lokacin ripening da kuma tsananin juriya na bushes da kasuwancin amfanin gona. Duk da cewa iri-iri ne da yaduwa ta hanyar cuttings, masana shawara shuka shi a kan vigorous rootstocks. A sakamakon wannan dabarar, bushes zama mafi iko, yawan amfanin ƙasa da ingancin berries ƙaru. Ba tare da yin la’akari da tsokaci na grafting ba, tunda mutane kalilan ne ke shuka innabi a cikin ɗakunan rani, bari mu zauna kan yadda ake shuka da shuka girka shirye-shiryen da aka yi.
Samun kansa na Azalea yana jan hankalin mazaunan bazara ta hanyar cewa tare da ƙaramin girman makircin, ba za ku iya yin tunani game da gaskiyar cewa kuna buƙatar dasa nau'ikan innabi daban-daban ba. Ba'a buƙatar pollinators don wannan matasan, kuma adadin girbi ya isa sosai ga dangi na talakawa. Ofarewar berries da wuri mai kyau da kuma ingantaccen adon su na ba ku damar samun sabbin bitamin na watanni da yawa, daga watan Agusta. Amma idan har yanzu kuna son dasa wasu nau'in, Azalea baya buƙatar cewa sun yi nisa da shi: nesa na mita 2 ya isa.
Lokacin dasa shuki mai yawa bushes, zaka iya yin "bango" daga gare su, dasa shuki kowane mita 2, amma a cikin ƙasar za'a sami isasshen daji guda na Azalea
Kamar kowane nau'in innabi, tana buƙatar rana mai yawa, don haka wuri a kan shafin ya kamata ya zama mafi haskakawa, amma ya killace daga sakamakon iska na arewa. Yankin yana tsiro akan kowane nau'in ƙasa, amma adadin takin ya isa, wanda ke nufin cewa tun kafin a shuka, yankin da aka zaɓa dole ne a haɗe shi da ƙari da taki, ash da takin ma'adinai. Lokacin tono shebur akan bayoneti, manyan allurai takin zamani basa buƙatar: 1 m2 kawai ƙara 1-2 bulog na kwayoyin, gilashin kwalba na ash da giram 50 na nitroammophoska. Amma takin mai magani ya kamata a riƙa haƙar rami mai saukar ungulu, wanda yakamata a haƙa akalla wata guda kafin a dasa shuki. Kuma tunda mafi kyau lokacin saukowa shine ƙarshen Afrilu, sun tona rami a fall.
Girman rami na Azalea daidaitacce ne, daga 70-80 cm a duka girma. A kan kasa mai nauyi, wacce ta ƙunshi galibi yumɓu, ya zama dole a saka magudanar ruwa a cikin ramin, wanda sutur ne na 15-20 cm lokacin farin ciki mai yin bulo ko tsakuwa. A kan sauran nau'ikan ƙasa, yadudduka na iya ƙanƙanta, kuma a kan yashi na shara ba lallai ba ne. A cikin wurare masu bushewa, ya kamata a sanya bututu a tsaye a cikin ramin, wanda ya shimfiɗa waje don isar da ruwa ga tushen ta hanyar shi a farkon shekaru 2-3 na rayuwar daji. Ya kamata a zubar da santimita mai santimita 20 a bisa magudanar ruwa: an shirya shi daga takaddara mai narkewa, haɗa shi da adadin humus, ash da takin ma'adinai. Kuma tsararren ƙasa mai kyau kawai an zuba a saman, a cikin abin da aka dasa inabi. Dasa mai zurfi, barin ɗaya ko biyu buds sama da ƙasa. Bayan aiwatar da ƙasa da kuma kyakkyawan ruwa, rijiyar tana mulched da kowane kayan da ya dace.
Ana buƙatar tukunya a cikin rami domin ruwan ban ruwa ya gudana kai tsaye zuwa yankin abinci mai gina jiki
Kulawar Shuka ya ƙunshi shayarwa, kayan miya na zamani, ingantaccen kayan kwalliya da - a yankuna masu sanyi - tsari mai sauƙi don hunturu. Buƙatun ruwa suna wadatarwa, amma ba akai-akai ba, musamman Azalea yana buƙatar su a lokacin zubar da berries, da makonni 3 kafin girbi, dole ne a dakatar da su. Ana yin ruwa a kusan sau ɗaya a wata, a cikin awannin yamma, a mai da rana kullun cikin rana da ruwa.
A cikin takin, takin nitrogen ba za a zalunta ba: ana bayar da nitrogen ga 'ya'yan inabin ta hanyar kwayoyin, binne humus kusa da bushes a farkon bazara ko ƙarshen kaka. Amma zaka iya yin ash itace mai yawa a ƙarƙashin bushes, musamman lokacin girma. Zai dace mu haɗu da riguna na sama tare da shayarwa, amma kayan miya na sama, ta hanyar feshe foliage tare da raunin mafita daga takaddun takaddun, ana iya yin komai ba tare da la’akari da yawan shayarwa ba, amma koyaushe da yamma: kafin fure kuma nan da nan bayan kammalawa. Hanya da kuma kwance furanni na tsofaffin bishiyoyi ba su da mahimmanci, amma kwance ƙasa akan nauyi yana maraba da kyau. Mulching kasar gona a kusa da bushes da sauƙaƙe wannan aikin.
Azalea ta kara juriya ga cututtukan fungal, amma kuma tana buƙatar feshin rigakafin zamani daga mildew, oidium da daskararrun launin toka. Zai fi sauƙi a farkon bazara bayan buɗe bushes don bi da su da maganin baƙin ƙarfe, kuma idan alamun cutar sun bayyana a lokacin rani, tare da ruwa na Bordeaux. Sabbin magungunan kashe qwari ya kamata a yi amfani da su a cikin manyan lamura kuma ba lokacin girman berries ba.
Iron sulfate - amintaccen mai kariya daga gonar inabin kan cututtukan fungal
Pruning bushes ne dole. Yin daskarewa a cikin bazara ya zama kadan, tare da cire busassun fili kuma a fili wuce haddi harbe. Ana aiwatar da samuwar daji duk lokacin bazara kuma ya ƙunshi fitar da karin harbe-harbe da inflorescences, yayin da suke ƙanana kaɗan da kore. Tare da bin rani, girbin kaka zai zama da sauƙi. A wannan lokacin, harbe suna gajarta, suna yanke wuraren da ba su da kyau, haka kuma suna yanke karin harbe da suka yi girma. Don Azalea, ana bada shawarar fitar da itacen inabin don idanu 6-8.
Bayan kwalliyar kaka a cikin arewa, an cire vines daga trellis kuma an rufe ta da kayan haske, optimally spruce ko reshen spruce spruce. Ko ya zama dole don yin wannan a tsakiyar layi, kowane mai shi ya yanke shawara don kansa: iri-iri na iya tsayayya da daskararru har zuwa digiri 25, amma akwai ƙari! Ya kamata a 'yanta bushes daga tsari a ƙarshen ƙarshen Maris, tare da farawa a cikin kwanakin farko na dumi.
Lamburan ra'ayoyi
A cikin ɗakunan tattaunawar musamman, sake dubawa game da ire-iren suna kaɗan, har ma waɗancan ba koyaushe ba ne, wanda ke sake jaddada cewa wannan nau'in yana da kyau sosai, amma ba za a iya danganta shi da fice ba.
GF Azalea a yankinmu na bada 'ya'ya a shekara ta biyu.Mangin yana da tsayayya ga cututtukan.A cikin matsanancin yanayi, ban ma ga wani alamu tare da matakan kariya na gonar inabin gaba daya ba. Itacen inabin ne da wuri kuma tare da dukan tsawon. Inabi GF Azalea na farfadowa a yankin ko a ɗan baya GF Arcadia: kusan 10 ga watan Agusta a Kuban Berries 8-10 gram na kore tare da ruwan hoda mai ruwan hoda da na bazara.Hakan ya faru da ban fara sauƙaƙe ɓangarorin ba saboda zafi da launi na berries kusan bai canza ba ko da bayan wata guda .. Waɗannan berries waɗanda aka fallasa zuwa haskoki na rana sunyi launin rawaya mai daɗi tare da ruwan hoda. Amma gungu sun kasance kaɗan a cikin daji, kodayake harbe-harbe suna da ƙarfi .. Da farko na fusata: Wataƙila in zargi wani abu, ban ƙare shi ba ... Amma lokacin da Nunin Nuni a watan Agusta 2010 kusa da Kapelyushny V.U. Na ga girman guda - kwantar da hankali ... Dandano na berries suna da daɗi tare da nama mai laushi da fata mai laushi, wanda ya kiyaye duk wannan amfanin gona daga wasps.
Fursa Irina Ivanovna//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=3698
Wannan kakar, Azalea kusan ba ta da tabo ... smallan ƙaramin ruwan hoda ya tashi a gefe ... kuma hakanan ne. Ban zo in gwada shi ba, Ina jiran matalin. :? A yau akwai baƙi a gonar inabin, kuma a cikin su akwai wani mai son Azalea. A nan ne ya tsinke wata yar itace don gwadawa. Hatta ƙasusuwa suna da launin ruwan sukari! Haske yana da girma, babu muscat ko wasu zabibi cikin ɗanɗano. Abin ban takaici shine jiki ɗan ɗanɗano ne. Cungiyoyin suna ƙanƙara ne (an yanke daji a cikin kaka don girma) kuma Berry ba shi da girma, kimanin g 10. Ban ga wani cututtuka ba, daji yana da tsabta, amma mai ƙarfi rauni mai rauni (an ciyar da shi don yanka!) Murna ɗaya, matsananci!
Liplyavka Elena Petrovna//www.vinograd7.ru/forum/viewtopic.php?p=43268
My azalea tushen-tushe ne, growtharfin girma ya kasance da matsakaici, kodayake har yanzu seedling ya mutu Theungiyoyin sun yi kadan, ,an itacen sun kusan 10 g (+ -). Ban kusan samun karɓin launin ruwan hoda ba, ban ma zo gwada gwada Berry ba. Jin dadi sosai, Ina so in dan sha ruwa kadan .. Harshe na launin ruwan kasa ne.Amma gabatarwar ba shi da kyau, ji yake mai launin fata ne, fata yana da tauri, yana karuwa lokacin cin abinci.
Elena Petrovna//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=3698
Yawan nau'in innabi na Azalea ba shi da wahala a kula da su: a mafi yawan ƙasarmu, bushes ba ma buƙatar a rufe shi don hunturu. Farkon ripening na dadi berries yale mu muyi la'akari da Azalea a matsayin ɗayan nau'ikan alamar rahama duka dalilai na mutum da kuma siyarwa. Karamin bushes wanda ba ya buƙatar pollinators, resistant zuwa sanyi da mafi yawan cututtuka, faye hali da iri-iri kamar yadda sosai alamar rahama ga namo a yankunan na kewayen birni.
