Ta yaya kuma lokacin da za'a shuka barkono, ƙa'idoji masu girma

Pepper wani irin nau'in tsire-tsire ne na shekara-shekara a cikin daddare. Homelandasar haihuwar su ita ce Amurka da tsibiri. Sunan Latin Capsicum ya fito ne daga siffar tayi a cikin jakar. Akwai wasu da yawa: capsicum na shekara, paprika. Akwai nau'ikan dandano mai ɗaci da daɗi, alal misali, Bulgarian.

Pepper: Mahimmanci Game da Haɓaka

Dasa barkono, musamman a wuraren da ke da yanayin canjin yanayin sanyi, na buƙatar tsarin kulawa da kulawa. Wannan tsire-tsire na kudancin yana ƙaunar yanayin zafi sosai kuma a tsakiyar layi zaka iya samun amfanin gona sau da yawa kawai a cikin greenhouse. Muhimmin mahimmanci shine sa'o'in hasken rana, ya kamata aƙalla awanni 12. Wannan yanayin zai taimaka don samun ƙarin 'ya'yan itace a farkon matakan.

Zaɓin barkono

Zabi iri-iri don aikin namo ya kamata ya dogara ne akan dandano na 'ya'yan itace ba, har ma kan dalilan su. Idan an shirya barkono da ƙoshin sabo, to, manyan lesyalesyan itace masu launin da ke da katanga sun dace. Don blanks na hunturu, ya fi kyau zaɓi mafi ƙanana da denser.

Wani nuance shine yankin sauka. Misali, a cikin Urals tare da taimakon wakilan sutturar zamani: nau'ikan fina-finai daban-daban da polycarbonate, ana iya samun wadataccen haɓaka. Shuka ko da marigayi iri na kasashen waje zaɓi. Koyaya, yana da kyau a zaɓi barkono da wuri. Bushesarancin bushes sun dace da tsayi a yankuna masu sanyi.

Don magance halaye na kowane iri da kuma zaɓin zaɓin, teburin zai taimaka:

Lokacin dasa shuki iri daban-daban, yana da mahimmanci dasa su a cikin yankuna masu nisa na gonar ko a raba su da wasu manyan albarkatu, irin su tumatir ko masara. Wannan shi ne saboda saurin canja wurin pollen daga wasu bushes zuwa wasu.

Shuka seedlings

A cikin yankuna na kudu, yana da mafi kyawun shuka tsaba a farkon rabin Janairu. A cikin yankuna masu yuwuwar lokacin bazara mai sanyi, shuka da wuri zaiyi jinkirin ci gaban daji da samuwar gidan kwai. Bayan duk wannan, ganye na farko zai yi girma ne kawai da isowar rana. Mafi kyawun lokacin don yankuna na arewacin shine Fabrairu.

Kafin shuka tsaba barkono, dole ne ka fara shirya:

• Bi da kayan dasa tare da maganin maganin manganese ko 1% iodine na mintina 30 kuma kurkura.
• Riƙe na mintina 20 a cikin ruwa a zazzabi na +53 ° C. Wata hanyar don jiƙa iri a cikin maganin Epin-ƙarin.
• Shirya a cikin kwantena kuma bar zuwa tsiro a cikin wurin dumi, zaku iya rufe tare da zane mai bushe.

Duk waɗannan manipulations za su ba ku damar samun harbe sosai cikin kwanaki 2-3.

Mataki na gaba shine cakuda ƙasa mai gina jiki daga yashi, ƙasa da humus a cikin 1: 1: 2. Zaɓin mafi sauƙi shine haɗa ɓangaren peat da ƙasa wanda aka ɗauka akan gado. A wannan yanayin, lalata tare da ruwan zãfi ko wani haske mai ruwan hoda na potassium permanganate ya zama tilas. Kyakkyawan ƙari zai zama ash, ta 1 kilogiram na substrate 1 tbsp. l ko a cikin rabo na 1:15.

Zane mai zurfi don tsaba shine 1-1.5 cm, yin su a cikin ƙasa yana da sauƙi tare da sanda ko kuma bayan fensir. Bushesanan bushes ba su yi haƙuri daukana ba, suna da tsarin tushen rauni, saboda haka ana ba da shawarar dasa su nan da nan a peat ko kofuna waɗanda filastik ɗaya a lokaci guda. Dankin shine 8 cm, ya fi kyau kar a ɗauki manyan kwantena, wannan zai hana haɓaka tsirrai. Wasu mutane suna amfani da kwaya na musamman don wannan dalili, ana iya siyan su a shagon tare da kwalaye.

Idan an zaɓi zaɓin don tagulla mai faɗi, to nisan da ke tsakanin rami tare da tsaba waɗanda aka sanya su a ciki shine cm 3-5. Bayan sanyawa da yafa tare da ƙasa a saman, dole ne a shayar da kayan dasawa. Don hanzarta germination, kuna buƙatar tasirin greenhouse, don wannan, saka polyethylene a saman. Bayan bayyanar seedlings, dole ne a cire tsari, in ba haka ba 'yan seedlings za su fashe kuma su yi rauni.

Kada mu manta game da alaƙar da ke tsakanin zazzabi da lokacin bayyanar tsirarwa: a cikin manyan +anananan + 36 ... +40 ° C, tsaba ba zai yi tsiro ba. Idan ma'aunin zafi da sanyio ya faɗi ƙasa +19 ° C, kayan dasa zai lalace kawai.

Bayan fitowar seedlings, dabi'un zazzabi masu kyau: yayin rana + 26 ... +28 ° C, kuma da dare + 10 ... +15 ° C.

Watara ne na yau da kullun, kowane kwanaki 1-2, da safe ko da yamma. A kasar gona ya kamata ko da yaushe ya kasance dan kadan m. Ruwa, musamman da farko, yana da + 25 ... 30 ° C. Wani lokaci, don mafi kyawun isashshen oxygen, ya zama dole a kwance ƙasa zuwa zurfin 5-6 cm.

A cikin lokacin girma da haɓakar seedlings, ana buƙatar sutura masu kyau 3:

• Kwanaki 14 bayan bayyanar farkon seedlings: 1 tbsp. l urea na lita 10.
• Na biyu an gabatar dashi bayan makonni 2-3.
• Bayan 'yan kwanaki kafin dasawa zuwa m wuri.

Girma ta hanyar shuka iri a cikin ƙasa buɗe, har ma a cikin yankunan kudanci, ba a amfani da shi saboda jinkirin ci gaba da rauni da gajeriyar 'ya'yan itace gajere.

Wata hanyar da ba a saba ba tana girma tsaba a cikin katantanwa. Sunan ya samo asali ne saboda wani yanki mai santsi na polypropylene mai laushi a cikin nau'i mai fadi da fadin 15 cm cm 7. A kan wannan curin shine ƙasa ko cakuda abinci mai gina jiki da kuma ƙwayoyin barkono da aka shimfiɗa a kan tawul ɗin rigar.

Girma a cikin kora ko ƙasa

Pepper tsire-tsire ne na kudu, ƙaunar yanayin dumama da yanayin zafi yake. Sabili da haka, don yankunan sanyi, yana da kyau mafi kyau don shuka wannan amfanin gona a cikin greenhouse. Yana da damar ƙirƙirar yanayi mai kyau don ci gaba da haɓaka, kazalika da samun ƙarin 'ya'yan itace. Ka'idojin kulawa na yau da kullun suna kama da na gida da na waje.

Dasa barkono a cikin greenhouse

Za ku iya dasa shuki na barkono a cikin fim ko gilashin gilashi. Polycarbonate filastik ya tabbatar da kansa cikakke, mai dorewa, haske mai watsa haske, mai tsaurin zafin jiki.

Kwanan da za a dasa barkono a cikin gidan kore bisa kalandar Lunar ta 2019 - Mayu 14-16, 6 ga Yuni.

Babban halayen ci gaban shuka a cikin rufaffiyar ƙasa sune:

• Soilasar abinci mai arzikin Humus tare da tsaka tsaki pH 6-7 muhalli.
• A isasshen adadin haske, wannan ƙwarai shafi fruiting. M ciyayi da babba nisa tsakanin bushes.
• Mafi kyawun zazzabi: + 23 ... +26 ° C.
• Jin dadi 70-75%.

Itace barkono a waje

Kwanan don dasa shuki barkono a cikin ƙasa buɗe bisa ga kalandar Lunar 2019 - Yuni 11-12.

Nasarar samun wadataccen girbin amfanin wannan amfanin gona ya dogara da farko akan zaɓin shafin. Ya kamata ya zama gado tare da isasshen rana da kariyar kariya.

Zai fi kyau shuka barkono bayan kabeji, wake ko cucumbers. Idan a wannan wuri na karshe kakar girma: tumatir, dankali da kuma eggplant, to, kuna buƙatar fifita wani saboda yiwuwar ƙwayoyin cuta da kwari da aka kiyaye a cikin ƙasa.

Shiri na kasar da aka zaɓa yana farawa a cikin fall. Wajibi ne a cire duk ciyawa, sauran sassan sauran tsirrai kuma su tono ƙasa. Bayan wannan, takin:

• ninka superphosphate 50 g;
• ash 70-75 g;
• humus 5-10 kg;
• a cikin bazara - hadaddun taki.

Kafin dasa shuki a watan Mayu, ana buƙatar kwance ƙasa kuma a ɗanɗano shi kaɗan. Sauran ka'idojin kulawa iri daya ne tare da shawarwarin gidajen kore.

Lokacin canja wurin kananan tsire-tsire zuwa ƙasa, dole ne a aiwatar da dasawa a hankali don kada ya lalata asalin tushen sa. Zai fi kyau ka ɗauki ɗan kurmi daga cikin akwati tare da dunƙule cikin ƙasa. Zurfin ramin ya yi daidai da tukunyar dutsen da barkono tayi girma. Nisa tsakanin tsirrai ya zama cm 30-40, zaka iya yin layuka ko wuri a cikin tsarin dubawa. Wajibi ne a zurfafa seedling domin ya zama aƙalla 2 cm tsakanin ƙasa da ganyen farko.Wannan an fi yin wannan hanyar da safe ko da yamma lokacin da babu rana mai ƙarfi.

Pepper Care

Babban kulawa da bushes na barkono bayan dasa shuki lokaci ne, wesening na kasar gona, ciyawar yau da kullun da takin a wasu lokuta na rayuwar shuka. Hakanan yana da mahimmanci don aiwatar da samuwar daji kuma, idan ya cancanta, shirya kayan tallafi, tunda nau'ikan tsayi suna buƙatar ɗaure. Duk wannan zai iya inganta fruiting da kyau.

Watering da ciyar

Itace tana son shayarwa ta yau da kullun, zaku iya yi sau ɗaya a kowace kwanaki 5 da safe. Ofaukar ruwa mai yawa ga daji mai girma 2 lita biyu, kuma ɗayan ya isa ɗan shuka. Mafi kyawun ruwa shine ruwan sama ko dumi, kuma ruwan famfo shima ya dace, wanda dole ne a kare shi lokacin rana. Watering ya fi kusanci da tsarin tushe, da nisantar danshi akan faranti.

Lokacin girma a cikin greenhouses bayan moistening da substrate, ya kamata a fitar da iska ta yau da kullun, duk da haka, ya kamata a guji zayyana. A cikin yanayi mai zafi, ana iya cire sashin murfin fim.

Top miya na tsire-tsire da aka dasa a cikin ƙasa yana gudana sau 3:

• Makonni biyu bayan dasawa, ya fi kyau gabatar da tsabtace tsintsiyar kaza a cikin adadin 1:20. Ga kowane daji, ana buƙatar lita 1-2.
• A lokacin bayyanar ovaries: mullein diluted da ruwa 1:10. Hakanan zaka iya takin tare da ash ko a cikin lita 1 ƙara 6 of g superphosphate, 2 g na potassium da 1 g na ammonium nitrate.
• A farkon girbi, girke-girke iri ɗaya ne da na farkon abin.

Wajibi ne a kusanci ciyar da abinci a hankali; karancin abubuwa ko kuma wasu abubuwa suna bayyana a bayyanar daji:

Yanawa

Bayan kwana ɗaya, ana kwance ƙasa da kuma amfani da ƙwanƙwaran ciyawar. Don kyakkyawan malalewa, ana amfani da ciyawar ƙasa da adana danshi, ciyawa daga sawy, takin ko humus ana amfani dashi. Shuka da cire ciyayi zai taimaka kare tsire daga kwari da hana kamuwa da cuta ta hanyar haɗari.

Bush samuwar

A lokacin ciyayi, ya wajaba a datsa bushes sau da yawa. Ana yin wannan ne domin a rabu da wurare masu kauri da inuwa, har da tsawan tsayi da tsayi. Don nau'ikan da yawa, wajibi ne don gudanar da pinching: harbe an cire harbe da ganye a ƙasa babban cokali mai yatsa. Idan ba 2, amma 3 mai tushe sun fito daga ciki, to lallai ya kamata a cire na ukun. Yawanci, samuwar daji ana yin shi ne bayan girbi 'ya'yan itacen ko kuma kowane kwana 10. Varietiesarancin da nau'ikan matasan ba sa buƙatar pruning.

Kusa da ƙarshen Yuli, kuna buƙatar dakatar da ci gaba na bushes ta pinching fi kuma barin ovaries, kuma duk buds dole ne a yanke. Wannan zai ba ku damar samun manyan barkono waɗanda ke da lokaci don yin ɗumbin daga Satumba.

Za'a iya sarrafa lamba da girman 'ya'yan itatuwa ta hanyar barin abubuwa da yawa akan bushes mai ƙarfi da rage lamba ta cire fure mai ƙyalli akan masu rauni. Hakanan, akan kowane tsire-tsire a cikin cokali mai yatsa, an kafa tayin wanda ke samar da abu - mai hanawa. Idan kuna buƙatar manyan barkono ko ƙwayoyinku don shuka, an bar shi kuma an cire shi a matakin kwai don samun ƙananan.

Cutar da kwari

Pepper shine amfanin gona kayan lambu masu iya haifar da cuta. Koyaya, idan ba a dauki kulawa ba, kwari ne suka kawo shi, kuma in babu taimako daga mai shukar, har ma ya mutu. Daidai kayyade rashin lafiyar ta farkon alamu kuma sami maganin da ya dace zai taimaka wa teburin:

Mr. Dachnik ya ba da shawarar: hanyar barkono mara lalacewa

Kuna iya shuka barkono da hanyar lazy, wanda ba ya ɗaukar lokaci da yawa. Don yin wannan, kawai kuna buƙatar bin wasu shawarwari:

• Shuka tsaba dangane da haske daga cikin dakin. Tare da isasshen rana: ƙarshen Maris - farkon Afrilu. A kan windows windows fuskantar gabas ko yamma: kwanakin ƙarshe na Fabrairu ko kwanakin farko na Maris.
• Don mafi kyau germination, da tsaba dole ne a soaked.
• Isasa ta kasance da ƙasa: a kan guga na ƙasa 1/3 na taki da gilashin ash. Abun da aka sayi shima ya dace.
• Ana ɗaukar hoto bayan bayyanar ganye na farko na gaskiya a cikin ƙananan kwantena tare da tsayin ƙasa na 5-6 cm.
• A lokacin girma na seedlings, dole ne a yi amfani da takin mai magani sau 2-3.
• Ba da daɗewa ba da tsakiyar-ripening iri ya kamata a tsage a matakin 5-6 ganye faranti. Wannan hanyar zata taimaka wa reshe na seedlings da kuma daidaita yayin da aka canza shi zuwa wurin dindindin. Koyaya, dole ne a yi amfani da hanyar a sassan seedlings. Wannan zai taimaka wajen samun amfanin gona a lokuta daban-daban.
• Canja wuri zuwa filin budewa ana aiwatar da shi bayan 10 Yuni, kuma a ƙarƙashin fim a tsakiyar Mayu.
• Da farko, mulching kasar gona. Layer - 5-6 cm daga bambaro, humus, ganye.
• 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari, dole ne a cire su kamar yadda suke girma kuma ba overexposed a kan bushes.

A yau, akwai nau'ikan barkono da yawa sama da 1,500. Wannan yana bawa yan lambu damar zaɓin zaɓin da ya dace don haɓaka duka a ƙasa mai buɗe ko a cikin greenhouse. Cika shawarwarin da aka gabatar don kulawa da shuka, abu ne mai sauki samun amfanin gona mai daɗi da yalwatacce.