Bishiyar asparagus shine kayan lambu na perennial, namo wanda ba mai wahala bane ga mai fararen lambu. Yin amfani da al'adun marasa fassara yana da girma sosai cewa a baya ana yin hidimar cin abinci ga teburin masarautu, saboda haka ana kiran tsire da kayan lambu. Kula da shi ba ya buƙatar ƙwarewa na musamman, wanda ke nufin cewa kowane mazaunin rani zai iya samun nasarar bunkasa al'adu.
Agrotechnics Shuka bishiyar asparagus
Akwai nau'ikan tsire-tsire iri 100 da aka sani, kowannensu yana da bambance-bambancen dandano da bayyanar. Mafi mashahuri shine bishiyar asparagus. Yana girma kawai kuma yana da dandano mai daɗi. Bushaya daga cikin daji yakan ba da 'ya'ya har zuwa shekaru 20 kuma kowane tushe yakan jefa harbe har 50 50 da za a iya ci. Baya ga su, shuka yana ba da edian inan inedible a cikin jan berries.
Bishiyar asparagus (wanda kuma ake kira bishiyar asparagus) ya kai tsayin mita 1.5 kuma gaba ɗaya baya jin tsoron ƙanƙancin Rasha, wanda ke ƙara ƙawata shi.
Abubuwan da aka ci suna ƙunshe da abubuwa masu amfani da yawa, kamar ƙarfe, alli, ascorbic acid, jan ƙarfe, phosphorus, sodium, beta-carotene da sauran abubuwan gano abubuwa a cikin adadi kaɗan. Duk wadannan bitamin suna da matukar muhimmanci ga rayuwar jikin dan adam.
Kamar sauran albarkatu, bishiyar bishiyar asparagus tana girma ta hanyoyi biyu: dasa shuki a ƙasa da shuka don shuka. Ga waɗanda suka fara ƙoƙarin yin girma kayan lambu na sarauta, suna ba da shawarar yin shuka a cikin ƙasa. Wannan hanyar tana saukaka sauƙi. Yana da mahimmanci a yi amfani da kayan ƙirar inganci, don sayo shi daga mai wadataccen mai siye. Kuna iya neman shawara daga wani ɗan lambu mai goguwa.
Shuka shuka shi ne sanadin rikitowar tsari da rikitarwa. Sun ce irin wadannan kayan lambu suna da ingantacciyar rigakafi, suna iya jure sanyi da sauran wahalhalun yanayi. Fara girma da bishiyar asparagus, ya kamata a tuna cewa amfanin gona a kan tebur da farko ya bayyana ne kawai bayan shekaru 3-4. Bayan daidaitawa, kayan lambu ba ya buƙatar kulawa ta musamman, da yawa daga cikin lambu suna farin cikin dasa shi a cikin makircinsu.
Shuka bishiyar asparagus daga Tsaba
Tsarin za a iya kara dan kadan ta hanyar shirya tsaba. Suna cikin ruwan dumi tsawon kwana 7. Ana maye gurbin ruwan ta yau da kullun. Kafin dasa shuki, yana da kyau a wanke zuriya tare da maganin rauni na potassiumgangan.
Abubuwan da aka sarrafa da kuma kumbura tsaba yada a kan wani zane mai bushe da kuma jira sprouts. Tare da bayyanar greenery har zuwa mm mm 1 mm, canja al'adar zuwa akwati ko kwantena na mutum ya fara.
A shuka tashi na dogon lokaci bayan dasa, kada ku damu da wuri. 'Ya'yan seedlings na farko na iya bayyana makonni 3-6 bayan shuka.
Shuka tsaba
Girma daga tsaba ana ɗaukar wahala saboda ƙarancin tsiro, amma wannan kuskure ne. Tare da shiri yadda yakamata, bishiyar bishiyar bishiyar asparagus tayi kyau sosai kuma matsaloli suna da matukar wuya.
A cikin rabin rabin Afrilu, suna yin ƙasar cakuda shuka, suna haɗa abubuwan da aka haɗa: peat, taki, yashi da ƙasa cikin rabo na 1: 1: 1: 2. A lokaci guda, sun fara shirya tsaba (an bayyana fasahar a sama).
Ana sanya kayan da aka shirya cikin akwati a cikin layuka. Nisa tsakanin rijiyoyin zai fi dacewa cm 5-10. Ba a zuba ruwa a cikin ramin ba, a baya ana saka tsaba waɗanda suka toshe kuma an rufe su da ƙasa. Daga saman yankin an fesa shi da bindiga mai feshi kuma an rufe shi da fim ko gilashi, ƙirƙirar tasirin kore. Wannan ba lallai ba ne, amma yana taimakawa tsire-tsire ƙyanƙyashe da ƙarfafa sauri. Yana da Dole a sanyaya ƙasa tare da amfanin gona akai-akai. An cire murfin tare da zuwan farkon harbe. Yana da mahimmanci cewa zazzage iska a +26 ° C.
Yadda ake nutsuwa
Bishiyar asparagus tara wajibi ne idan akwai shuka a cikin wani akwati ko wasu seedling iya aiki. Lokacin dasa shuki ger ger tsaba a cikin ƙasa, ba a buƙatar hanya.
Idan tsirrai sun girma, ana canza su zuwa gado ko a babban akwati lokacin da suka kai 10-15 cm a tsawo. Kowane daji yakamata ya zama cm 10 daga ɗayan .. Idan aka dasa shi, sai a sare tushen bishiyar bishiyar asparagus, domin suna girma da ƙarfi a ƙarƙashin ƙasa.
Bayan 'yan kwanaki bayan daukana, ana ciyar da kayan abincin da ake ma'adinan a duniya. Bayan mako guda, fara shiri don sauka a cikin ƙasa yana farawa. Bishiyar asparagus ta mutu, yana ɗauka a takaice akan titi, a hankali yana ƙara tsawon lokacin zama a cikin iska.
Girma a gida
Bishiyar asparagus sananne ne ga masu son tsire-tsire na cikin gida kamar bishiyar bishiyar asparagus. Wannan shine kawai nau'i wanda za'a iya kiyaye shi a cikin ɗakin. Powerfulaƙƙarfan tushen tsarin da ba shi da izini ya ba da izinin kayan lambu ya sami cikakkiyar ci gaba a cikin matattarar yanayi.
Dankali tsire-tsire ba sa bayar da harbe-harben abinci kuma ana amfani dashi don dalilai na kayan ado.
Shuka bishiyar asparagus waje
Don shuka bishiyar bishiyar asparagus a filin buɗe ido, kuna buƙatar zaɓar wurin da ya dace. Kayan kayan lambu suna da hoto, saboda haka, wuraren rana da aka kiyaye su daga iska kuma magudanar za su yi kyau. Yana da mahimmanci la'akari da hankali na tushen tsirrai don ambaliya, saboda haka, al'adun suna daɗaɗaɗɗen sama da gado, barin tsagi a cikin layuka. Bishiyar asparagus yana da kyau a bango ko shinge.
Shiga ƙasa a fili yana da alaƙa da ayyuka da yawa na shirye-shirye waɗanda ke buƙatar yin aiki a gaba.
Tona ƙasa, tsaftace ciyawar, tarkace, ƙananan duwatsu. Yankin da aka zaɓa yana haɗuwa tare da kwayoyin halitta a cikin nauyin kilo 50 na humus a kowace murabba'in mita.
Lokacin sauka
Seedlingsa'idodin seedlings ko tsaba ana shuka su a lokaci guda. Ana yin tsire-tsire a cikin bazara ko kaka a kan wani yanki da aka haɗo, da rana ta daɗe. An dasa kayan lambu a watan Mayu ko Satumba, zaɓin mai lambu, babu bambanci na asali. Babban abu shine ƙasa ta bushe.
Fasahar Saukowa ta waje
Dasa iri ko shuka a ƙasa abu daya ne. Bambancin kawai shine cewa bushes ɗin da ya riga ya girma bazai buƙatar dasa shi ba, nutsewa da kuma yin wasu aikin don kula da harbe matasa da aka bayyana a sama. Hanyar namo ba ta da tasiri a kan girma da haɓaka al'adu, a kowane yanayi, amfanin gona na farko zai buƙaci a kalla shekaru 3.
Ko da ta wace hanya, nisan dake tsakanin tsirrai na iya jurewa babba. Lokacin da aka dasa shi da tsaba, kayan ba a binne su sosai (1-2 cm) kuma yana haifar da yanayin yanayin kore, yana rufe amfanin gona tare da fim da ɗan feshi da ruwa.
Ana shuka 'ya'yan itace a kowane lokaci tare da bambance-bambance.
Lokacin dasa ruwa
Lokacin dasa shuki a watan Mayu, yakamata a yi aikin shirya kuma ya kamata a tura tsire-tsire zuwa ƙasa har zuwa farkon lokacin toho. Tun da tushen bishiyar bishiyar asparagus ta yi ƙarfi sosai, sai suka tona rami mai zurfin cm 30, kuma a hankali aka dasa tushen tsirrai a ciki. Tsakanin bushes ɗin, nisan yakamata ya zama akalla mita 0.5. Aisles a matsakaita izini har zuwa 30 cm, amma idan akwai sarari kyauta, zaku iya dan kadan don kada tushen ya rikice. Bayan dasa, al'adar ana yalwar shayarwa tare da yayyafa shi da busasshiyar ƙasa a saman don kada ɓawon burodi ya samar.
Autar saukowa
Bambance-bambancen daga bazara suna cikin zaɓin takin zamani kawai ga ƙasa da zurfin tushen. Don ciyar da ƙasa, cakuda superphosphate, potassium sulfate da ammonium sulfate ana amfani dashi a cikin rabo na 1: 1/2: 1/3 a kowace murabba'in murabba'in wurin. Chemicals shiga, a hankali tono da kuma kwance duniya.
Saukowa a ƙarƙashin hunturu ya fi ƙarfin gaske. Nisa tsakanin layuka da tsire-tsire iri ɗaya ne, amma ba shi da ma'ana 30 cm, 10-15 cm zai isa .. An ƙirƙiri tudun sama da bishiyar asparagus, wanda zai kare shi a cikin yanayin sanyi.
Kulawar bishiyar Asparagus a waje
Ga kowane shuka, kulawa ya haɗa da kayan abinci kamar ƙasa mai dacewa, shayarwa ta dace da takin zamani. Sanin abubuwan da ake son na wani nau'in, yan lambu suna samun girbi mai yawa tare da ƙaramin ƙoƙari. Amma na bishiyar asparagus - wannan kayan lambu ne wanda ba a bayyana shi ba, an jingina shi da jure sanyi.
Kasar
Al'adar an cika shi da bitamin da abubuwa masu amfani ga ɗan adam, don haka ƙasa don dasa yakamata ta dace, nau'in yashi mai yashi mai gina jiki.
Ana shirya wani shiri don dasa shuki a cikin bazara. Bayan share yankin busassun tsire-tsire da ganye, yi zurfin tono, nutse shebur da mita 0.5. A lokaci guda, takin zamani da takin kilogiram 15-20 a kowace murabba'in mita ana gabatar dashi cikin ƙasa. Na sinadarai, 70 g na superphosphate da 40 g na potassium sulfate ana amfani dasu, a cikin yanki ɗaya. Da zarar dusar ƙanƙara ta narke, an lalata ƙasar kuma an ƙara 60 g na ash da ƙari 20 na ammonium nitrate.
Watse
Nan da nan bayan dasa, a lokacin daidaitawa, ya kamata a shayar da bishiyar asparagus akai-akai. A cikin makonni 2, ana shuka tsire-tsire akai-akai kuma yalwata, a hankali yana rage adadin danshi. Bayan tabbatar da cewa bishiyar asparagus ta fara, ana rage ruwa zuwa sau ɗaya a mako. A lokutan bushewa, ana yin ban ruwa kowace rana. Soilasa a yankin da ake shuka kayan lambu koyaushe ya zama ɗan laushi. Yin watsi da wannan shawarar, zaku iya samun fibrous harbe tare da ɗanɗano mai ɗaci.
Taki
Idan an dasa bishiyar bishiyar asparagus ba tare da shiri na farko na rukunin ba, to bayan farawar hatsi na farko, kuna buƙatar ƙara abubuwan gina jiki. Don yin wannan, Mix slurry da ruwa a cikin wani rabo na 1: 6. Bayan 'yan kaɗan daga baya, bayan kimanin makonni 3, suna ciyar da bushes tare da mafita daga tsinkayen tsuntsu da ruwa a cikin rabo na 1:10. Kafin shirya don hunturu, ana shuka tsiro a karo na ƙarshe ta amfani da hadadden ma'adinai da aka shirya.
Idan an shirya ƙasar gaba, to, a farkon shekara bayan dasa, ba a buƙatar takin ƙasa.
Bishiyar asparagus tilasta a cikin hunturu
A cikin sanyi, da gaske kuna son bitamin da ganye. Irin wannan ingantaccen kayan lambu kamar bishiyar bishiyar asparagus zai zo da amfani a farkon bazara ko hunturu. Akwai wata hanyar da ake yin shuka tsirrai a cikin gidan takin zamani. Don yin wannan, a cikin kaka, tono tushen asalin tsirrai (shekaru 5-6) kuma sanya su a cikin wuri mai sanyi, alal misali, a cikin cellar. Ya kamata a kiyaye zafin jiki a +2 ° C.
A farkon zamanin hunturu, ana dasa Tushen a cikin greenhouse, a hankali, har zuwa bushes 20 a kowace murabba'in mita. An yayyafa gado tare da humus kuma an rufe shi da fim. Ana kiyaye zafin jiki zuwa +10 ° C, kuma bayan kimanin mako guda ana sake tashi zuwa + 18 ° C. Duk tsawon lokacin da ake sarrafawa yana kiyaye tsarin yanayin zafi bai canza ba.
Ruwa tsirrai sau da yawa, kaɗan kaɗan. Nan da nan bayan ban ruwa, ƙasa na sama a kusa da akwati ya kwance.
Cututtuka da kwari na bishiyar asparagus
Bishiyar bishiyar asparagus itace shuka mai ƙarfi tare da kyakkyawan kariya. Ba shi da wuya a fallasa shi ga cuta, kuma tare da kyakkyawan rigakafin, karin kwari su kewaya shi. Wasu lokuta akwai matsaloli tare da lambun novice, zamuyi la'akari dasu daki-daki.
Matsalar | Bayyanuwa | Matakan magancewa |
| Tsatsa (fungal kamuwa da cuta) | Dakatar da ci gaban da shuka, slows bayyanar harbe. | Don magani da rigakafin, ana amfani da kwayoyi. Topsin M, Topaz, Fitosporin. |
| Fusarium (tushen rot) | A hankali daji ya bushe ya mutu sakamakon ambaliya. | |
| Rhizoctonia | Cutar ta bayyana lokacin karas karas a cikin kusancin. Bishiyar asparagus da wahala. | |
| Ganye irin ƙwaro | Smallan ƙaramar ƙwaro yana cin tsire. | A matsayin kariya, ana yin sprayings tare da miyagun ƙwayoyi-friendly Karbofos. |
| Fly | A nau'in kwari kwari ramuka a cikin kananan harbe na bishiyar asparagus. | |
| Matsawa | Hadari ga daukacin daji. |
Mr. Maigidan bazara ya ba da sanarwar: girbi da adanar bishiyar asparagus
An girbe amfanin gona na farko na shekaru 3-4, idan yanayin ciyar da kulawa ya kasance daidai, bishiyar asparagus zata ba da zuriya mai kyau. Koyaya, kada ku rush kuma yankan harbe harbe da yawa, a karo na farko an bada shawarar ɗaukar fiye da guda 8 daga rhizome. Girbi kaɗan kaɗan, mai tushe, daga Mayu zuwa Yuni. Ragowar 'ya'yan itace sun fita don ci gaban daji. Babbar bishiyar asparagus ba har sai da harbe 30 a kowace kakar.
A rarrabuwa ba shi yiwuwa a yanke duka yara matasa, in ba haka ba daji zai mutu.
'Ya'yan itaciya masu shirin Ready-to-eat sun kai 20 cm ba ga tsayi ba, ya kamata su yi fure ba tare da bata lokaci ba, da zaran farkon allurai suka bayyana, kara ta zama da wahala.
Za a iya cin abinci bishiyar asparagus a kai tsaye ko kuma a yi gida. Wasu suna daskare kayan lambu, ana rasa ɗan sashin bitamin kuma ɗanɗano ɗanɗano, amma ya rage.
Ganin cewa bishiyar asparagus kusan ta ƙunshi ruwa, ba shi yiwuwa a adana shi sama da awanni 2. Yana asarar danshi kuma ya zama mai wahala. Idan ana shirin cigaba da sarrafawa, zaku iya sanya harbe a cikin firiji ko injin daskarewa, inda samfurin zai riƙe ɗanɗanonta ya ɗauka na tsawon wata guda.
