Daga cikin cututtukan fungal da ke shafar kayan lambu, wanda ya fi saurin lalacewa shine hasken latti akan dankali da tumatir da sauran tsire-tsire. Yanzu zamuyi magana game da albarkatun tushe. Domin shekaru masu yawa na ƙwarewar girma tubers na gina jiki, Na koyi yadda zan iya magance wannan cutar. Kodayake ba za a iya kawar da pathogen gabaɗaya ba, rigakafin yana taimakawa wajen kiyaye cutar. A ƙarƙashin yanayi mara kyau, ana iya samun amfanin gona idan an fara jinya akan lokaci.
Bayanin blight marigayi
Late blight cuta ce mai haifar da tashin hankali wanda ya haifar da ƙananan ƙwayoyin micellar da ake kira Phytophthora. Fungi na iya kamuwa da albarkatu masu yawa. Cikin nutsuwa suka koma duniya, suka dawwama a wurin har tsawon shekaru. Suna jiran yanayi mai kyau don ci gaba.
Me tsoffin raunuka suke kama da:
- Duffai na ruwa mai duhu suna bayyana akan ganyayyaki, sun girma, sun zama launin ruwan kasa. Wani farin laushi mai haske ya bayyana a cikin ganyayyakin da ke ƙasa - waɗannan jakunkuna ne. Wanda a cikin sabani ke tasowa. Naman gwari yana cin duk ƙirar daji. The fi na iya duhu duhu duka, bushe a kan itacen inabi.
- Abubuwan launin launin toka-launin ruwan kasa sun bayyana a kan tubers, dankali ya zama mara kyau, tare da duhun. Yayin adanawa, tabo ya karu, ya zama launin duhu, mai taushi. Jikin da ya lalace akan yanka a bayyane ya ke bayyane, da ƙanshi maras kyau. A tsawon lokaci, sai ya zama cikin gamsai.
Idan baku yi yaƙi da naman gwari ba lokacin da alamun farko na kamuwa da cuta suka bayyana, amfanin gona gaba ɗaya zai mutu a cikin ɗakin da cellar kafin lokacin bazara. Tare da babban rashi, fungicides zai taimaka don adana akalla wani abu, zan faɗi ƙarin game da su.
Sanadin, alamu na lalacewar dankalin turawa da wuri
Da farko, 'yan kalmomi game da hanyoyin yada spores. Su ban da iska:
- rodents;
- mutane a kan tufafi, takalma;
- dabbobin gida;
- tsuntsaye
- kwari, guda irin ƙwaro dankalin turawa iri ɗaya, barkono.
Za'a iya kawo kamuwa da cuta a cikin ƙasa:
- lokacin da dasa shuki iri abu, insidious marigayi Blight a kan tubers ba ya bayyana nan da nan;
- amfani da kayan aikin da ba a rufe su ba, kwantena;
- idan kunada takin daga cutuka masu yawa;
- tare da taki;
- lokacin shayar da gurbataccen ruwa daga wuraren rami, ganga; lokacin da yanayi mai kyau ya tashi: zazzabi ya saukad da ruwa, an fara ruwa.
Tare da ƙara zafi, bambancin dare da yanayin zafin rana, mycelia ta kumbura ta fara haɓaka. Fashe, shuka iri a kusa. Ko da guda ɗaya, gurɓataccen Rot Rot yana da haɗari. Af, idan an shafa tumatir a cikin kora ko tabo ya bayyana a kan apples ko berries, da gaggawa buƙatar sarrafa dasa dankali, fesa su don hana ƙarshen bazara.
Af, yana da kyau a yi tono dankalin da abin ya shafa a gaba da jadawalin, idan waɗannan bushes guda ɗaya ne. Daga tsire-tsire masu kamuwa, ana girbe amfanin gonar kuma a ajiye shi daban da sauran dankali. Yi amfani da farko.
Kamuwa da cuta ya bazu cikin shuka daga ƙasa zuwa sama, fararen fararen ganye na farko da ke kusa da ƙasa, sannan gangar jikin, saman. Kwayoyin sun bushe, bushewa, ganye, gangar jikin ya zama maras kyau.
Me yasa phytophthora yana da haɗari ga dankali da mutane
Ban yi mamakin ba lokacin da na karanta cewa a sanadiyyar sanadin lalacewa, kusan kashi 25 na amfanin gonar suna mutuwa kowace shekara. A cikin ruwa, shekaru masu sanyi, yan lambu sunfi yawa. Phytophthora, a karkashin yanayi mai kyau, shimfidawa da sauri, an canja shi zuwa wasu albarkatu, yana shiga cikin ƙasa, ruwa. Rikici ya kasance mai yuwuwa a gona, takin akalla shekara 4.
A ƙarshen lalacewar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayar cuta, sauran cututtuka sun haɓaka, aibobi sune ƙofar zuwa wasu cututtukan. Chemistry da wasu manoma sukayi amfani dashi wajen lalata tushen amfanin gona ya shiga jiki. Babu hadari a ci irin dankali.
Dankali ta jiyya don bazara ta wuce
Na san daga kwarewar sirri cewa matakan kulawa mafi kyau sune rigakafin. Babban matakanda ke rage hadarin kamuwa da cututtukan da ke kusa da hanzari:
- A ƙarshen kaka, A koyaushe ina aiwatar da duk buckets, rakes, shebur, sauran kayan aiki tare da mafita na furatsilina ko potassiumganganate.
- A cikin bazara, dole ne ya zama iri, an tsayar da rana, mun tsaya a cikin rana kwanaki. Kanken sanannen naman sa, wanda aka kafa a fata, yana da guba, irin waɗannan mutanen da wuya su yi rashin lafiya. Lokacin dasawa, maƙwabta suna jefa maƙarar cakuda itacen ash da Phytosporin a cikin rami a cikin rabo na 4: 1. Agronomists shawara da wani sashe fungicidal magani: yin tsayayya da tubers tattalin dasa a cikin wani bayani na kwayoyi har zuwa minti 30.
- Idan naman gwari ya bayyana a cikin makwabta ko a kan shimfidar greenhouse, kana buƙatar hanzarta aiwatar da dasa dankali, to, zai yi latti.
- A wurin da nake dasa tubers a kowace shekara, Nakan shuka hatsin rai duk kaka. A cikin bazara, sprorat na fure, a lokacin tono, ana shuka su ne a cikin ƙasa. Wannan ita ce hanya mai inganci don inganta ƙasa, da takin ƙasa. Na lura cewa da zaran ba ku shuka hatsin rai, ana adana dankali mafi muni. A'a, a'a, amma tuber tare da rot.
Na lura cewa ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta ba ta da lafiya. Masana kimiyya sun koya da gaske ga bangare phytophthora-resistant iri.
Fungicides mai lafiya ga kwari da dabbobi
Idan dankalin turawa har yanzu ba shi da lafiya, tare da ƙananan raunuka Ina amfani da kayan ado na ganye, shirye-shiryen ma'adinai, da magungunan jama'a. Lokacin da cin nasarar yayi karfi, sunadarai yana da mahimmanci. Fesa a farkon alamar ƙarshen hasken rana. Yawan kwantar da hankali na jiyya ya dogara da yanayin yanayi, tasiri na abun da ke ciki.
Abubuwan haɓakar ma'adinai dangane da jan ƙarfe, mafi mashahuri shine ruwa Bordeaux. Na tsarma 100 g na tagulla a cikin ruwan zafi, kawo ƙarawar ruwa zuwa 10 l, ƙara ½ kofin alli.
Chloride na jan karfe yana cikin shirye-shiryen:
- Abiga Peak, ita ce matsakaici mai guba;
- Oxychom, wannan shine oxygenchloride da oxadixyl, magani ne mai guba;
- Gida - farin ƙarfe na chlorinated.
Don aiki tare da mahaɗan ma'adinai yana da kyau a yi amfani da numfashi, sa safofin hannu. Ana yin magani mai maimaitawa tare da tazara tsakanin kwanaki 5-7, idan ba zai yiwu a kayar da ƙarshen lokacin farko ba.
Shirye-shirye na nazarin halittu suna aiki akan tsire-tsire a zahiri kuma ya kunshi ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta waɗanda ke haɓakawa a kan abubuwan da ke tattare da fungi pathogenic. Akwai su da yawa, zan lissafa wadanda ni kaina nayi amfani da su a cikin gidajen katako don sarrafa tumatir da ganyayyaki, na yayyafa tsire-tsire kamar: Gliokladin, Fitosporin ko Fitosporin-M, Gamair, Alirin-B. Magunguna na duniya gaba ɗaya ga kowane nau'in fungi Trichodermin, Planriz, Rizoplan.
Wajibi ne a nemi kuɗi da maraice, lokacin da ba a tsammanin hazo. Ina amfani da bushewa da safe, da fesa su a cikin ganye rigar har sai deɓa ta bushe.
Ana ba da izinin sarrafa abubuwa tare da samfuran kayan halitta kowace kwana uku.
Ana buƙatar magungunan ɗan adam don rigakafin yanayin bazara, suna ƙara ɗaukar rigakafin tsire-tsire, haifar da mummunan yanayin don ci gaban cututtukan fungal. Ba shi da amfani mu kula da lalacewar bushes tare da su.
- Ash da kyau ta bushe kasar gona ganye. Mafi kyawun shine daga itacen katako. Ban sani ba musamman idan na watsa shi da diɓa a ƙarƙashin bushes. Ya dace don amfani da sieve don dusting.
- Whey da kayayyakin kiwo suna da tasiri ga gadaje na mutum, ba za'a iya sarrafa manyan filayen tare da su ba. Kefir mai ƙare, whey ko madara mai tsami an haɗu da 1:10 tare da ruwa.
- Tinder naman gwari - naman kaza mai tsiro a kan kututturen bishiyoyi masu bushewa, bushe, an murƙushe. Kowace lita na ruwan zãfi kuna buƙatar 100 g na namomin kaza. Nace cakuda na tsawon awanni 3, matso, zuba a cikin kwalbar da aka fesa.
- Tafarnuwa tafarnuwa ana yi kamar haka: 100 g na slurry an zuba cikin ruwa 10 na ruwa, nace a rana ɗaya, sannan an ƙara 50 ml na sabulu mai ruwa. Warin daga irin wannan aiki har zuwa kwana biyu.
Dole ne a lalata abubuwan da ke tattare da sunadarai bisa ga umarnin. A karshe aiki na fi yake 3 makonni kafin girbi, ba daga baya. Yana da yawa hanyoyi, kowannensu yana taimakawa sosai. Yana da
- Ditan-M-45;
- Efal;
- Ridomil;
- Bravo
- Syngenta;
- Epin ko Epin-da;
- Thanos;
- Topaz
Wannan ba cikakkun jerin sunadarai bane. Amma ya fi kyau kada a kawo saukowa cikin mummunan nasara.
Phytophthora resistant dankalin turawa
A cikin wuraren lambun, ana bada shawara don shuka iri dake da kyakkyawan juriya game da juriya.
Anyan farkon cikakku waɗanda ake girbe a watan Agusta kafin ruwan sama na kaka:
- Guguwar fari fararen fata ce - tare da fata mai sauƙi, ana zagaye tubers, giram 80-140 a girma;
- Spring ne ruwan hoda - m, tare da ja idanu, matsakaicin girman dankali shine 135 g;
- Bullfinch - tare da tubers har zuwa 90 g, mai tsayayya da kwance, ya dace da ajiyar ajiya na dogon lokaci;
- Desiree - tare da fata mai ruwan hoda, naman yayi launin rawaya;
- Yaren mutanen Poland lotus - oval-rounded light tubers 90-135 g a girma, mau kirim.
Matakan farko:
- Snow White - tsayayya da cututtuka da yawa, da narkewa
- Labarin tatsuniya - haske tare da filayen ruwan hoda a idanu, an yaba da ɗanɗano, ƙusoshin matsakaici;
- Mai sihiri Ii - wanda ake sarrafa shi ta hanyar tsirarwa, matsakaitan sized;
- Bakan gizo - tare da m tubers har zuwa 150 g, godiya ga dandano, kiyaye ingancin;
- Santa yana da launin fata, mai launin rawaya.
Iri iri:
- Temp - m manyan tubers tare da fatar fata;
- Blueness - zagaye tare da fata mai raga, farin nama;
- Asterix - tare da fata mai launin shuɗi, nama mai haske;
- Gull mai ruwan hoda, launin m, launin rawaya mai haske.
Ta lura cewa nau'ikan farkon cikakke suna yin rashin lafiya da yawa sau da yawa, saboda sun faɗi rashin lafiya kafin yanayi mai kyau a ƙarshen blight. Amma adanar su na dogon lokaci ya kasa, a bazara da tubers za su zama da sauri flabby. Don kwanciya don adanawa na dogon lokaci, muna girma nau'in marigayi Asterix da Golubizna. Mun tattara su a cikin jaka daban.
