Tsarin sararin samaniya

Mafi shahararrun rudodendrons na hunturu

Rhododendrons suna dauke da shahararrun tsire-tsire a cikin tsarin zane-zane, kamar yadda tsire-tsire mai laushi ya sauya wani lambu a cikin tsibirin tsibirin mai ban mamaki. Kyakkyawan ma'anar rhododendrons na kiwo ne babban adadi na irin wannan tsire-tsire, wadda za ta iya tsira da tsaka-tsaki.

Rhododendron Smirnova

Rhododendron Smirnova - wani mai sanyi mai sanyi mai banƙyama wanda ya bambanta a cikin wani babban tsari. Ya kai kimanin mita 1.5, kuma an tattara abubuwa masu yawa a cikin kyakkyawar launin launin ruwan hoda mai haske tare da rawaya rawaya. Matasan rassan bishiyar suna rufe blanket pubcence, yayin da a kan tsohuwar rassan rassan launi na launin toka.

Ganye na wannan rhododendron mai sanyi-sanyi yana da siffar mai zurfi, tare da maɗauri mai zurfi, da ƙari da ƙananan wuri da kuma dan kadan kaɗan. Daga sama, suna kore da haske, kuma daga kasa suna ragged-white-white, wani lokaci brownish. Siffar ta kai tsawon 1-1.5 cm.

Abin da ke tattare da ƙwayar cuta ya ƙunshi 10-14 furanni, tare da diamita na 12-15 cm. Nau'in mai siffar launin fata, tsirara (ko kusan tsirara) launin toka mai launi-mai launin ruwan hoda mai launin rawaya. An gabatar da 'ya'yan itacen rhododendron a cikin nau'in akwati har zuwa 2 cm tsawo.

Tsarin zai iya tsayayya da yanayin zafi kamar low -26 ° -29 ° C, amma a cikin matsanancin matsananciyar raguwa, harbe ƙirar kuma flower buds iya daskare dan kadan. Tsaba yayi ripen.

Don amfanin gona na wannan jinsin a kan iyakokinta ya zama dole ya ba shi wasu yanayi. Musamman Ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan da ake buƙata ita ce ƙasa mai laushi mai mahimmanci tare da wani abu na acidic (pH = 3.5-4) da kuma isasshen haske, wanda siffar kambi ya dogara (a cikin inuwa yana da mafi daidaituwa, yayin da a cikin wurare masu zafi akwai gandun daji).

Smirnov rhododendron ne ya yada shi ta hanyar lakabi, iri da grafting a kan Rhododendron.

Shin kuna sani? An gabatar da wannan jinsin a cikin al'adu a 1886 da lambun lambu na Botanical na St. Petersburg kuma an labafta shi bayan likitan Rasha kuma ya shuka masanin kimiyya M. Smirnov.

Rhododendron shine zinari

Idan mukayi magana game da rhododendron, idan muka yi la'akari da irin wadannan nau'o'in sanyi masu nau'in sanyi, sa'an nan kuma ba za mu iya kulawa da zane-zane na zinariya ba, kai tsaye a tsawon 30-60 cm. .

Ƙananan sun kasance a cikin jinsi na ƙullun, suna da siffar da ke cikin ƙasa da dan kadan a nannade. Yayin da za su kai mita 2.5-8, kuma a cikin nisa - 1-2.5 cm A ƙasa da rassan rhododendron ne kodadde-fure-furen, raguwa-raguwa a tushe, kuma petioles suna da raguwa sau 4-5 fiye da faranti. An gani daga sama, ka ga dense, danda, duhu kore ganye.

Furen wannan rhododendron ya fi girma suna bayyana sunansa saboda suna da launin launi na zinariya. (tsawonsu ya kai 2.5-3 cm, tare da diamita na 4-5 cm). Ana tattara su a cikin ƙananan ƙira na 3-10 guda. Rim yana kusa da rabi da aka shirya a cikin kwaskwarima, lobes-shaped lobes.

Pedicels suna da launi mai launi da tsawo, wanda kusan kusan daya da rabi tsawon furanni kansu. Suna fitowa daga furen koyi ko kuma daga matakan furotin da suke rufe furanni a cikin toho.

'Ya'yan itãcen marmari na zinariya sune akwatunan gilashi da tsawon 1-1.5 cm da diamita na 4-6 mm. Kuna iya ganin furannin shuka ba a farkon Mayu ba kuma bayan Yuni, kuma yawancin lokaci yana faruwa a wuraren tsaunuka: a Sayan Mountains, Sakhalin, Arewacin Kuriles, a Gabas ta Tsakiya ko Altai.

Shin kuna sani? A Siberia, ana kiran zododendron "kashkara", a Tofalaria - "rawaya" ko "uluguriya", kuma a Mongoliya - "Altan Terelzh".

Rhododendron katevbinsky

Daga cikin mafi yawan jinsin rhododendron ya kamata a alama Katevbinsky (kyakkyawa yana a cikin goma). Wannan shima mai tsayi mai tsayi 2-4 ko ma mita 6, wanda kowace shekara ta ƙara kimanin 10 cm a tsawo. Ya bambanta a babban kambi mai tsaka-tsayi, wanda girmanta a cikin tsofaffi daji yakan kai 2 m (tare da kulawa mai kyau). Gashin yana launin ruwan kasa, ganye suna tsalle-tsalle, 6-15 cm tsawo kuma 5 cm fadi. A cikin ɓangare na sama, launi yana da duhu kore, haske, da haske tare da veins bayyana daga ƙasa.

Fure-tsire na tsire-tsire tare da kallo yana tunawa da karrarawa kuma zai iya kasancewa fari, Lilac-purple, haske-violet ko violet-jan tabarau. Ba za a iya kiran su ƙanana ba, domin a tsawon lokutan furanni sun kai kimanin 6 cm. Hakanan ya ƙunshi har zuwa 20, don haka daji ya dubi sosai.

Kamar yadda a cikin sifofin da suka gabata, 'ya'yan itatuwa suna wakiltar su da akwatunan da suka fara ta Oktoba. Wannan shuka za a iya kira mai tsawon hanta a matsayin shekarun "tsofaffiyar lokaci" ya kai shekaru 100.

A mafi yawancin lokuta, an dasa Katevbinsky rhododendron a kusa da benches, gazebos ko hanyoyi, wanda ke taimakawa wajen kirkiro kayan kirki. Har ila yau ya dubi kyau kusa da perennial da ornamental shuke-shuke da mai girma kambi (misali, Pine ko thuja).

Wannan jinsin yana da kyau mai inuwa, amma ya fi kyau shuka shi a wuri mai kyau, wurare na rana. Hasken da aka warwatse a ƙarƙashin gefen itace ko inuwa da aka kafa daga bangon gidan zai dace. Amma a karshen yanayin, kana bukatar ka kasance a shirye don ba sosai yawan flowering.

A lokacin da dasa shuki katevbinsky rhododendron, dole ne a zabi wani wuri ba tare da fasali da kuma iskar iska ba. Kasar gona ya zama isasshen m, sako-sako da, mai arziki a cikin kwayoyin halitta abubuwa, acidic ko dan kadan acidic. Peat gauraye da yashi ko Pine sawdust za'a iya amfani dasu. Game da ciyarwa, matasan shuke-shuke suna buƙatar shi bayan flowering da farkon lokacin bazara, da kuma manya zai zama isa ga takin sau ɗaya a kakar.

Kodayake gaskiyar cewa wannan jinsin yana da tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire, a arewacin yankuna yana da daraja a kula da tsari na yanayi don yanayin hunturu, musamman ga matasa shrubs.

Kanada Rhododendron

Rhododendron na Kanada ne mai lalata, mai wakilci na jinsi, wanda bai wuce mita 1 ba (1.2 m). Yana da rassan rassan, ƙananan kwalliya ko rassan-lanceolate, har zuwa 6 cm tsawo (daga sama suna da kyan gani, kuma a ƙasa suna da mummunan gashi). Ƙananan ganye suna da tsaka-tsalle, ƙananan-bluish-kore a sama da launin toka a kasa.

Ganye suna da bakin ciki, yayin da suke matashi - suna da haske mai launin ja-ja, amma sun zama launin toka-launin ruwan kasa tare da shekaru, sau da yawa tare da taɓawa. Ana fure furanni a cikin inflorescences na 3-7 guda da kuma fure kafin ganye ya bayyana. Sakamakon yana da purple-violet ko purple-purple, biyu-lipped, kuma saboda yanke, yana da alama yana dauke da petals.

Tsarin shrubs na fara ne a shekara uku kuma ana kiyaye shi a watan Mayu-Yuni.

'Ya'yan itace iri ɗaya ne, kawai a wannan yanayin, tsaba suna ƙananan kuma masu yawa (ƙwayar itace yana farawa a shekaru 4-5, kuma tsaba sun fara a Satumba-Oktoba).

A cikin daji, yana tsiro a kwarin kogin, a cikin wuraren da ke cikin ruwa da kuma a cikin fadin sararin sama, a cikin gandun daji da kuma gandun daji, da kuma a cikin manyan wuraren da ake dadi.

Yana da muhimmanci! Wannan shi ne daya daga cikin 'yan tsirarrun bishiyoyi na rhododendron, wanda ke da nisa a arewacin (kododendron na Kanada yana jinkirin rage yawan zazzabi zuwa -32 ° C).

Ana bada shawara don dasa shuka a gefuna da kuma a kan duwatsu a wuri mai laushi, ruwan sanyi da dan kadan (PH 5.1-6.4). Wannan jinsin yayi girma da sauri, ƙara 6-8 cm kowace shekara.

Rhododendron rawaya

Musamman nau'in polymorphic, wanda wasu mawallafa suka bambanta wasu iri dake bambanta da junansu a cikin hali na pubescence da siffar ganye.

Yellow rhododendron yana da tsaka-tsalle ne mai tsayi, wanda ya kai mita 2-4. Idan yanayin ci gaba yana da kyau, to, zai iya girma har zuwa mita 6 a cikin shugabanci mai nisa. Young harbe - glandular-shaggy, bar - oblong, ovate, oblong-lanceolate ko oblong-elliptic. Tsawonsu shine 4-12 cm, nisa 1.5-8 cm, da kuma tsawon petioles - 5-7 mm.

Ana tattara furanni a cikin launi bakwai na 7-12 kuma ana samuwa a kan pedicels 1-2 cm tsawo.Daga launi na orange ko launin rawaya shine 3-5 cm tsawo kuma kimanin 5 cm a diamita.Da yana da nau'i mai siffar sira da kuma ƙaramin motar cylindrical mai tsawo a cikin ɓangaren sama.

'Ya'yan itace itace akwatin oblong cylindrical tare da tsawon 1.5-2.5 cm.

Ana iya lura da furanni na rhododendron a watan Afrilu-Yuni, ko dai kafin bayyanar ganye, ko kuma lokaci daya tare da bayyanar su. Fruiting fara a watan Agusta. Game da yanayin yanayin namo da kulawa da wannan shuka, ya kamata a lura cewa yana da haske-yana buƙata kuma yana buƙata a kan danshi da ƙasa.

A cikin lokacin flowering da kuma a cikin fall, a lokacin da ganye saya mai haske launuka, wannan wata kyakkyawan shuka ornamental. Tsarin tsari ya dace da gefuna da kuma kungiyoyi, kuma ana iya dasa zaɓuɓɓuka masu yawa a gonaki da ƙungiyoyi a tsakiya a cikin lambuna da wuraren shakatawa.

Jafananci Rhododendron

Harshen Japan - Tsarin tsirrai ne na sanyi, wanda ke da nasaba da tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire, na Arewa da Tsakiyar Japan. Tsarin ya kai tsawon mita 1-2 (girma na shekara 7-9), kuma yana da m 1.2 m. Crohn yana raguwa, kuma yana da matukar farin ciki a ƙuruciyarsa.

Kwayoyin suna da ƙananan, oblong-lanceolate da kai tsawon tsawon 4-10 cm (tare da nisa na 2-4 cm). Suna da tushe mai mahimmanci da matsayi mai mahimmanci, kuma lokacin da aka tura dasu, ana iya ganin gashi mai taushi mai sauƙi. Daga kasa, ana iya lura da ganyayyaki kawai tare da veins, kuma a gefen ganyayyaki suna haɗuwa, sannu-sannu ta juya kuma juya cikin petiole (tsawon wannan bangare shine 0.5-1 cm).

Ƙaramin rani na iya zama danda, kuma ana iya rufe su da silkwarin bristle walkways. Ana tattara manyan furanni masu yawa a cikin nau'i na 6-12 kuma, kamar yadda a cikin akwati na baya, yayi furanni ko dai har zuwa ganyayyaki ko a lokaci guda kamar ganye. Rundunan jigon japan na Japan sune waje ne kuma suna iya bambanta da launi. Zaka iya samun samfurin mai launin ruwan hoda, mai launin ruwan hoda ko brick-ja da launin rawaya-orange, tare da diamita na 6-8 cm Har ila yau an san su siffofin launin rawaya ne na wannan jinsin da furanni mai launin rawaya. Duration na flowering shrubs - fiye da wata daya.

Nau'in launin jinsin wannan jinsin da furanni mai launin furen sanu ne sanannu. Yana jure rana. A cikin kaka, da ganye juya rawaya-m.

Ana gabatar da 'ya'yan itatuwa a cikin nau'i na kwalaye kuma sun fara a Satumba-Oktoba. Tsarin yana da kyau sosai tare da tsaba da cututtuka (72% na cuttings suna da tushe lokacin da aka sarrafa tare da ci gaba na musamman).

Wannan hardy rhododendron na hunturu zai iya tsayayya da yanayin zafi har zuwa -26 ° C kuma an bada shawara ga ƙungiyoyi guda ɗaya da ƙungiya. Daga zane-zane, yana da mahimmanci a hade tare da wasu nau'ikan rhododendrons, musamman dutsen duwatsu masu duhu.

Caucasian rhododendron

Caucasian rhododendron - Wani wakili mai sanyi na dangi. Ganye ya kai tsawo na 1-1.5 m kuma yana halin launin ruwan duhu mai duhu.

Ganyayyaki suna oblong kuma suna da siffar m. An rufe su da ƙananan ja ji.

Ana tattara furanni a cikin ƙananan ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta, ƙididdigar ta kai 3 cm a tsawon, launin fari da kore ko dige ja a cikin kuturu. Launi na corolla na iya bambanta ƙwarai daga farar fata ga kullin gashi ko ruwan hoda. Ana samun nau'o'i da furanni ruwan hoda a yankin Elbrus.

Akwatin shuka - oblong, rust-felt.

Caucasian rhododendron ne tsire-tsire na zuma, wanda a cikin yanayin tsaunuka da kuma a gefen tsaunuka yana taka rawa a matsayin mai mallakar gida. Sau da yawa ana amfani da su wajen magance cututtuka na zuciya da jijiyoyin jini da rheumatism.

Tsarin gine-gine na wannan tsire-tsire suna kan iyakar Jamhuriyar Abkhazia da kuma kan duwatsu na Babban Caucasian Range. Game da namo a gida, to, ana amfani da matasansa. Mafi shahararrun iri-iri shine Cunningham White, babban fasalin shi ne furen fararen fata. Sauran hybrids su ne ruwan hoda, zane-zane mai launin rawaya, musamman kuma ba tare da shi ba.

Dukkanin su suna da matukar damuwa a batun batun namo kuma suna da bukatun musamman na abun da ke ciki. Ba su dace da m (pH 4-5), ƙasa mai laushi, ba tare da mai kyau iska da ruwa ba. Kasashen da suka fi dacewa sun kasance a saman yankin tsakiya na Rasha, yayin da yankuna kudancin basu dace ba.

Helliki ta Rhododendron

Helliki iri-iri rhododendron - Waɗannan su ne tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire tare da furanni mai launin ruwan hoda, waɗanda aka tattara a cikin goge na 8-12 guda. Flowering fara a cikin tsakiyar Yuni, amma ga mafi tasiri bayyana daga cikin kayan ado na shuka shi ne wajibi ne don haifar da yanayi mai dadi, wani ɓangare daga cikinsu ne sako-sako da kuma ƙasa rigar, da kuma shading saukarwa shafukan kare daga iska.

Ƙananan ganyayyaki suna cike da farin ciki, wanda ya fi kama da ji, wanda, duk da haka, ba ya bambanta wannan nau'in daga wasu nau'ikan rhododendrons. An saukar da buds, kuma ana iya kiran furanni nau'i-nau'i. An bambanta su da launi mai launi mai launin shuɗi da launin ja-orange a kan ƙananan man fetur (5.5-7 cm) da kuma gefuna kadan.

Yana da muhimmanci! Helliki rhododendron shine matasan Smirnov rhododendron.

Don cikakkun flower buds for shekara mai zuwa, kana buƙatar cire duk wilted buds.

Daurian rhododendron

Daurian rhododendron yana da tsauri ne ko tsire-tsire, wanda mafi yawancin al'ada ne a Asiya. Wannan jinsin suna da sunansa daga Dauria (Daur), wanda ake kira bayan yankin Transbaikalia inda Dauri ya kasance.

A Rasha, wannan shrub yana da wani suna - "Rosemary". Ya kai 0.5-2 m tsawo kuma an yi wa ado tare da kambi mai kauri, kafa daga protruding harbe. Young harbe ne na bakin ciki, tattara a iyakar rassan a da dama guda kuma suna da tsatsa-launin ruwan kasa launi, tare da gajeren pubescence. Tushen tushen shi ne na waje, lebur. Ganyayyaki suna da kyau, a yalwace, ana fentin su a cikin duhu mai duhu. Da ke ƙasa suna da lakabi da kuma ɓoye.

Tsawon ganye ya kasance daga 1.3 zuwa 4 cm, kuma fadin nisa daga 0.5 zuwa 1 cm. Foliage yana bayyana a kan harbe a ƙarshen tsire-tsire. Da farko shi ne mai haske, kuma ta hanyar kaka sai ya zama duhu da ƙananan ƙananan. A kasan kananan ganye suna da haske, kuma daga bisani ya zama brownish, densely an rufe shi da "Sikeli".

Da zuwan kaka, ganye suna juya cikin tube, bayan haka mafi yawansu sun fadi. Lewatsun sabo ne sau 8-10 da ya fi guntu.

An kafa kwayoyin halitta a ƙarshen harbe ko a cikin ganyayyaki, tare da apical da axillary sun bayyana a lokaci daya. Daga kowace furen furanni (1-3 a kowace tsana), ɗayan flower blooms. Rubutun yana da tsawon 3-5 mm, corolla shine ruwan hoda mai haske tare da inuwa na lalac (da wuya fari). Tsawonsa shine 1.4-2.2 cm, kuma kimaninta ya kai 2.2-4 cm. Tsarin yana da nau'i 10 da mai launin ruwan hoda mai launin fata a tushe. 'Ya'yan itace ita ce akwatin da aka ambata a kwanan baya mai siffar tsalle-tsalle, 0.8-1.2 cm tsawo, wanda yake tsaye a kan tsayi 0.3-0.7 cm tsawo.

Dahurian rhododendron ne jinsin sanyi da kuma inuwa mai tsayuwa kuma yana iya tsira daga fuka har zuwa -45 ° C.

A mafi yawancin lokuta, haifuwa mai cin ganyayyaki (ta hanyar tsotsa masu tsami). Rabagowa ta iri yafi faruwa a cikin cuttings da konewa. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, adadin wadannan jinsuna a Rasha sun ragu sosai, musamman ma a yankunan da ke kewayen birni. Wannan sabon abu yana taimakawa wajen yin amfani da ƙasa da kuma canza canjin yanayi, musamman a lokacin kakar flowering.

Rhododendron Schlippbach

Wasu masanan sun yarda da cewa kakanni na rhododendrons na zamani sun bayyana kusan miliyan 50 da suka wuce. A lokacin da ake yin dusar ƙanƙara, yawancin su sun mutu. Schlippenbach rhododendron, wanda zai iya kai tsawon mita 5, yana daya daga cikin tsire-tsire da suke gudanar da rayuwan sanyi. Harshen ganyayyaki suna kama da ƙananan ovals, kuma tsayinsa ya kai 12 cm (nisa - 6 cm). An tattara su a ƙarshen harbe a cikin bunches na 4 (5), kuma suna samar da tsumburai guda biyu kuma sun fita tare da zane ko yankakke. A kasan takarda yana da gefen launi, kuma a sama akwai duhu kore kuma kusan danda. Petioles rusty-ferruginous, 2-4 mm tsawo.

A cikin yanayin lokacin da tsire-tsire ke tsiro a cikin yankin makiyaya, ganye suna nuna launin launi mai haske, amma idan ganye ta tsiro a ƙarƙashin murfin gandun daji, to, bishiyoyinta zasu yi duhu. Tare da isowa na kaka ya canza launin su zuwa purple da zinariya. Бутоны распускаются раньше листьев.

Соцветия рододендрона Шлиппенбаха зонтиковидные и собраны в соцветия по 8 цветков. Они распускаются либо вместе с листьями, либо немного раньше. Цветоножки железисто-волосатые, в длину около 10 мм (при плодах до 17 мм). Венчик бледно-розового цвета с пурпурными крапинками имеет диаметр 5-8 см. Kamar yadda a cikin tsohuwar tsari, akwai alamomi 10 a kan shuka, nau'ikan da ke cikin ƙananan sune mai laushi ne, sune sama. Kuna iya ganin furanni a watan Afrilu da Mayu.

'Ya'yan itacen Schlippbach rhododendron ne mai tsayi ko tsinkaye mai tsawon mita 1.5.

A tsawon lokaci na girma kakar wannan shuka shi ne 185-200 days. Harbe na fara girma a farkon rabin watan Mayu kuma sau da yawa ci gaba da girma har zuwa farkon Yuni. Idan harbin yaron ya mutu, injin ya fara shinge sosai, ya kasance har zuwa rassan 12 na biyu. A wasu lokuta, ƙananan harbe suna bunkasa a gindin tushen, wanda ya haifar da tillering.

Daga ra'ayi na ado, Schlippenbach rhododendron ya fi ban sha'awa fiye da sauran nau'in, tun da yake yana da manyan furanni wanda ya kai mita 10 a diamita.Tarancin buds zai iya bambanta daga ruwan hoda zuwa fari, kodayake furanni masu furanni suna da wuya.

Irin wannan tsire-tsire suna iya tsayayya da yanayin zafi, amma ba kasa -26 ° C. Tsarin tushen yana biye da yanayin zafi ba kasa da -9 ° C.