Shirye-shirye na fasahohi na EM-sun shiga tarihin agronomy a matsayin mai da takin mai magani. Tarihin halittar wannan takin mai magani za a iya kiyaye shi daga lokacin fararen Masar. Amma hakikanin sakamako, wanda aka karɓa a fadin duniya, ya bayyana a shekarar 1988. Masanin kimiyya na kasar Japan Teruo Khiga ya haifar da kwayoyi masu guba da kwayoyin tsirrai don ciyar da lakaran ƙasa mai kyau kuma ya kira shi EM - abubuwa masu mahimmanci.
A wannan shekarar, masanin kimiyyar Soviet P.A. Shablin, yana binciko ƙasa mai ban sha'awa daga cikin yankunan Baikal, bisa tushen kwayoyin halitta, ya kirkiro miyagun ƙwayoyi "Baikal M-1". Ya ci gaba da cin nasara a gabashinsa a wurare da dama.
Shin kuna sani?Daya daga cikin na farkoan shirya shirye-shirye a 1896. Dalilinsa shine ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta, wanda ke da alaƙa don gyara nitrogen.
Tarihin fasaha ta EM
A cikin Tarayyar Soviet, tun daga shekarun 20 na karni na ƙarshe, an gudanar da bincike a kan waɗannan kwayoyin halitta da kuma amfani da su a wasu bangarorin rayuwa, ba kawai a cikin agronomy ba. Farawar samfurin ya fara kawai a ƙarshen 90s. A Tarayyar Tarayyar Soviet, an tsara tsarin da shirin don samun kyakkyawan sakamako, amma raguwa da ƙasa a irin wannan matsala ta kasance matsala.
Daga bisani ya fara samar da kwayoyi masu kama da juna, amma tare da kayan al'adu daban-daban. Wannan shi ne saboda wurare daban-daban, yanayin ƙasa da digiri na ƙarewa. Amma Baikal EM-1 har yanzu shine shugaban a kasuwa.
Yadda ake amfani da taki "Baikal EM -1", muna la'akari da gaba.
Amfanin fasahar EM
Shirye-shiryen "Baikal EM -1" ya zama "ruhu mai ba da rai" ga mafi yawan wuraren agronomy. An yi amfani da shi don saturate da kuma rayar da ƙasa, don kara yawan amfanin gona, don bunkasa sharar gidaje.
A cikin samar da amfanin gona
Wani fasali na fasaha shine cewa babu wata illa daga amfani da shi don yanayin. Shirin "Baikal EM-1" yana da tsada sosai a farashi.
Hanyoyin fasahohi na EM lokacin da aka yi amfani da su a cikin samar da amfanin gona shine, saboda sunyi amfani da kayan aiki, sun sake samar da takin gargajiya na ƙasa kuma su yuwu su tsiro irin amfanin gona don yanayi da yawa a wuri guda. Abubuwa masu amfani da kwayoyin halitta wadanda suke cikin ɓangaren miyagun ƙwayoyi, haifar da ƙasa mai laushi inda ake shuka germination, flowering da kuma haihuwa na shuka.
Yin amfani da irin wannan kwayoyi yana kara yawan adadin abubuwan gina jiki da haɗuwa ga shuka, yana ci gaba da bunkasa kwayoyin halitta masu cutarwa da kuma kare shuke-shuke daga cututtuka daban-daban.
Yin amfani da shirye-shiryen EM bazai tasiri inganci da amfani da kayan aikin noma, wanda baya rasa halayensa a lokacin lokacin hunturu. Lokacin da aka yi amfani da shawarar da aka yi amfani da ita ta EM ita ce daga farkon bazara zuwa ƙarshen kaka.
A cikin dabba dabba
Magunguna na EM ya nuna kyakkyawan sakamako a cikin gonar dabbobi da kiwon kaji, da karuwar riba, yawan amfanin gona. Kyakkyawar da yawancin abubuwan gina jiki a nama da qwai yana ƙaruwa sosai tare da yin amfani da irin wannan fasahar yau da kullum. Daidaita yanayin dabba na dabba a cikin dabbobi, magani yana warkewa kuma ya hana farawar kowace cuta ta hanyar kara yawan kariya daga dabba.
Ana amfani da wannan miyagun ƙwayoyi a cikin lambun dabbobi don:
- ƙãra yawan amfanin ƙasa madara, samar da kwai da Jawo;
- rage yawan mace ta dabbobi da tsuntsaye;
- ƙãra halayyar haifa na dabbobi da tsuntsaye;
- rigakafin cutar;
- samun samfurori masu inganci da kayan halayen yanayi.
- inganta ciyarwar digestibility.
A rayuwar yau da kullum
Shirye-shirye na EM-wajibi ne ba kawai a cikin gonar da gonar ba, amma har ma a cikin ɗakin kwana. Don ɗakuna da dakuna, amfani da maganin 1: 1000 don kawar da wari mai ban sha'awa daga takalma. Lokacin da ka bar gidan, tofawar maganin kwayoyin cutar ta EM a cikin iska, zai halakar da ƙura, ƙanshin hayaki na taba da kuma wari maras kyau na dabbobi.
Idan ka fara jin wari da kyau kuma samfurori na fata an rufe shi da musa, ka bi da su da wani bayani na EM, kuma wari zai ɓace kuma ƙwayar za ta rage. Za a iya kwakwalwa da kayan tufafi a lokaci-lokaci tare da wannan bayani, kuma za ka manta game da wari mai ban sha'awa, musa da kwari wanda wani lokaci ya bayyana a can.
Kayan kifin ku zai kasance tsabta kuma sabo ne na dogon lokaci, kawai kuna buƙatar ƙara 1 tbsp. cokali da lita na ruwa, kuma ruwan zai kasance mai tsabta na dogon lokaci.
Kayan abinci wuri ne inda kwayoyin cututtuka da kwayoyin halitta zasu iya rayuwa. Sanya da EM 1: 100 bayani a kan wani katako, fan, firiji, nutsewa, nutse, kuma zaka tabbata cewa abincinka mai tsabta ne kuma lafiya.
A cikin gidan wanka tare da wannan bayani zaka iya rike duk abin. Haka kuma zai yiwu a zuba lita 10 na EM a cikin rami mai tsabta a kowace rana - wannan zai taimaka wajen kawar da ƙazanta, datti, kuma bututu mai tsabta zai zama ƙasa da ƙasa.
Abin da ke cikin Baikal EM-1
An shirya "Baikal EM-1" a cikin rukuni na microorganisms masu tasiri. "Baikal EM-1" wani maganin miyagun ƙwayoyi ne, wanda aka ba da shi a cikin wani ruwa, wanda ya ƙunshi yawancin microorganisms masu amfani: photosynthesizing kwayoyin cuta, wanda ya hada abubuwa masu amfani daga tushen asiri ta hanyar amfani da zafi na kasar gona da hasken rana; kwayoyin lactic acid wanda ke iyakance yaduwar kwayoyin microorganisms, yayin da yake fama da raunin cellulose da lignins; yisti - yana ƙarfafa tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire da kuma daidaita yanayin.
Yadda za a shirya aiki mafita na Baikal EM-1
Mafi sauƙi kuma mafi mahimmanci bayani daga "Baikal EM -1" wani bayani ne mai mahimmanci, wanda ake kira EM solution. Tsarin wannan bayani ya dogara da manufar amfani.
Idan kana buƙatar irin wannan maganin don tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire da ƙasa, yi amfani da wani ɓangare na miyagun ƙwayoyi zuwa kashi 1000 na ruwa. Wani lokaci maida hankali yana ƙaruwa, duk yana dogara ne da yanayin al'adu. Idan kana so ka yi amfani da bayani don shuka shuke-shuke na cikin gida, ko kundin ƙasa ya iyakance, an shirya wani bayani na 1: 100.
Shin kuna sani? An sayar da miyagun ƙwayoyi "Baikal EM-1" a cikin kwantena na 50 ml.
Don shirya wannan bayani, za ku buƙaci ruwan sanyi mai ɗorewa ko ruwa mai burodi + 20 ... + 35 ° C. Idan kana buƙatar samun lita 10 na EM-bayani, (1: 1000), to a kan guga guda ka saka cokali (10 ml) na Baikal EM-1 shirye-shirye da kuma cokali na molasses, ko jam, zuma. Kuma don bayani na 1: 100, kana buƙatar 10 tablespoons na tattara da Sweets. Dole ne a haɗu da ruwa sosai. Umarnin yana nuna cewa za'a iya amfani da shi nan da nan bayan hadawa, amma ya fi kyau a jira a rana don ƙara yawan ƙwayoyin cuta masu amfani (amma ba fiye da kwana 3 ba).
Yadda zaka yi amfani da bayani na EM-1 na Baikal
Samar da magani na iri
Don ingantaccen ingancin germination, ana bada shawara don kunna tsaba cikin"Baikal EM-1".
Yawancin tsaba, sai dai wadanda ke da fim mai gina jiki, da kuma radish, dole ne a kwantar da su tsawon sa'o'i 6-12. Bayan haka, ya kamata a bushe su a rana har sai an watsar da su. Kuma a wannan yanayin an dasa su a cikin ƙasa. Idan tsaba sune albasa (kayan lambu, furanni), to lallai ya kamata a kwashe su tsawon karfe 12-14, sa'an nan kuma dried.
Yana da muhimmanci! Samar da kwararan fitila dole ne a bushe a cikin inuwa!
Amma tubers dankali, dahlias da sauransu dole ne a sauka sau biyu. Na farko na 1-2 hours, sa'an nan kuma iska na kimanin awa daya, sa'an nan kuma jiƙa sake 1-2 da ƙasa.
Shuka seedlings
Don seedlings, an bukaci EM solution na 1: 2000. Bayan fitan farko ya bayyana, shirya maganin kuma yayyafa kananan shuke-shuke a rana ta uku. A farkon mataki na irin wannan magani ya kamata a gudanar kowane 2-3 days. Sa'an nan kuma zaka iya ƙara tsawon lokaci zuwa kwanaki 5.
Amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi"Baikal EM-1"don tsire-tsire yana ba da damar yin girma iri daban-daban na seedlings ko da a ƙarƙashin yanayin haske mara kyau. Wannan miyagun ƙwayoyi yana ba da cigaba da tsire-tsire wani hanzari na har zuwa 20%. Har ila yau, ƙwayoyin ba su kaya ba, kuma zaka iya shuka shi cikin sabuwar ƙasa, ba tare da tsoron mutuwa ba.
Yana da muhimmanci! Kafin dasa shuki tsaba a cikin kwalaye iri, wajibi ne mu bi da ganuwar da bayani na EM-1 (1: 100) na Baikal.
Don tushen ban ruwa
Idan kana so ka yi amfani da EM bayani don tushen ban ruwa, to, kana buƙatar yin shi kamar haka: Zuba kashi ɗaya daga cikin bayani a cikin guga na ruwa don yin 1: 1000 ƙin. Bayan shirya wannan cakuda, ruwa da tsire-tsire, yawanci sau ɗaya a mako. Amma zaka iya daidaita mita na watering daidai da yanayin ƙasa.
Ga shiri na takin manoma
Na farko kana buƙatar shirya tushen don takin gargajiya na gaba. DDon yin wannan, za ku bukaci kowane irin kwayoyin halitta da kuke da shi: sako, fi, bambaro, gari, peat, sawdust, hatsi maras kyau. Duk waɗannan abubuwa dole ne a zalunta.
Yana da muhimmanci! Har ila yau, ingancin takin ma ya dogara ne da yawan kayan. Fiye - da karin takin zai zama.
Yi amfani da maganin mai kwakwalwa a cikin tanki - daya kofin da guga na ruwa. Yi amfani da hankali don wanke tushe da aka shirya a gaba (ganye, husks, sawdust) tare da wannan bayani, dafaɗa kuma ku rufe dukkan wannan cakuda tare da fim don makonni 3.
Bayan makonni uku za ku iya sanya takin a cikin rijiyoyi.
Yana da muhimmanci! Ba a bada takin gargajiya don yinwa a cikin yankin pristolnuyu.
Tillage bayan girbi
Akwai bambanci daban-daban na maganin ƙasa tare da shirye-shiryen EM a cikin kaka.
Hanyar farko ita ce amfani da samfurin EM (an shafe shi a cikin ruwa kamar girke-girke na "Baikal EM-1") don shayar da ƙasa daga ruwan sha, buwan ruwa, mai sprayer.
Hanya na biyu ita ce ciyar da ƙasa tare da shirye-shirye na EM a cikin nau'in kayan aikin gona da aka kula musamman da takin.
"Baikal EM-1" yana kara yawan ciwon kwayoyin halitta, abubuwa da cewa a cikin bazara za su samar da amfanin gona a cikin nauyin ƙasa mai cikakken don ingantacciyar ci gaban amfanin gona daban-daban.
