Kalmyk irin shanu a yau ana daukar su ne mafi kyau irin naman noma.
Irin wannan shanu na da kyau don dabbobi a yankunan da yanayin hawan kullun, amma kamar sauƙin kulawa a yankuna tare da yanayin matsakaici.
Ya bambanta da kyau daga shanu da tushen Turai, tun da kakanninsa shanu ne.
Don kiyayewa da haifar irin wannan dabba a gida shine aiki mai sauƙi da kuma riba.
Ƙarin bayani da kuma muhimman bayanai game da waɗannan shanu masu ban mamaki za a iya samuwa a cikin nazarin mu na kasa.
Bayanin asali: bayanin mafi amfani ga masu shayarwa
Tsarin kwayoyin Kalmyk na shanu suna wakiltar wasu nau'in dabbobi guda takwas: Lower Volga, Arewacin Caucasian, Siberian, da Kazakhstan.
Dabbobi na dukan nau'o'in da ke sama suna da nauyin nauyin rayuwa daban-daban. A cikin nauyin shanun da muka bayyana, manyan nau'o'i biyu za a rarrabe su: naman mai naman fari da naman naman alade.
Idan aka kwatanta da nau'in fasalin tsararru, shanu da fari suna da ƙananan nauyin nauyi, da ƙananan firamare masu yawa. Suna bayyana da kasusuwa ƙasusuwa, fata na fata.
Ci gaban jiki duka yana tsayawa da sauri, wanda ya nuna a farkon lokacin da aka fara yin tsohuwar nama. Saboda haka, yawan amfanin gonar da aka samu a cikin shekarun marmari sune kashi 2-4 cikin dari na kasa da na dabba na farkon nama irin na Kalmyk.
A yau ana gudanar da ayyukan kiwo tare da Kalmyk breed, suna nufin inganta matukar tsufa, nauyin rayuwa, inganta tsarin mulki da bayanan bayanan. Inganta irin shine tushen nau'in kiwo.
Bayani na waje ko yadda za a gano dabbar maraƙin Kalmyk
A waje na wakilan Kalmyk irin shanu suna da kyau. Babban kwat da wando shi ne ja, launin ruwan kasa-motley, ja-motley ko ja, mafi sau da yawa a cikin launin fari ko alamomi (a kan kai, kafafu, sau da yawa akan jiki).
Wannan irin yana nufin babban nama, yana da amfani ga shanu su kai kimanin kilo mita 400-550, kuma nauyin nauyin bijimai kusan kimanin 600 zuwa 1100 kilo.
Ginin aikin naman dabbobi, babban abu halaye suna kamar haka:
- karfi tsarin mulki na jiki, wanda ya sa dabbobi hardy;
- maimakon karamin jiki, wanda ya sa shanu ya fi sauki;
- idan aka kwatanta da nau'o'in Yammacin Turai, shanu na Kalmyk suna da ƙananan ƙananan ƙuƙƙwararsu, tare da wani ɓangaren elongated gaban. Sashen na gaba ba shi da ɗan gajeren lokaci.
- Komawa, maƙararru da kuma tsaurin wakilai masu kyau na jinsin suna da fadi kuma har ma,
- kafafu suna da ƙarfi, an sanya su, ba tare da matsaloli ba su canza nauyin dabba;
- wuyansa jiki ne, m, amma gajere - ga alama kai ya shiga cikin kafadu nan da nan;
- Kalmyk shanu suna da tsaka-tsalle mai tsayi, wanda ya haifar da kwatsam;
- Tsaho mai tsayi sosai zuwa sama da ciki;
- Akwatin kirki ne mai zurfi da zurfi, cikewar dajin na dewlamp ya ci gaba;
- duk musculature na wannan nau'in an bunkasa sosai, wanda ya nuna bayyanar dabbobin dabba;
- Yawan yana da ƙananan ƙananan, wanda irin nau'in naman sa ya bayyana;
- kwarangwal, ko da yake hasken, yana da ƙarfi, wanda shine abin da nauyin dabbobi ke bukata;
- duk abun da ke ciki shine jituwa, irin na shanu na naman sa.
Don zuwa girma, dabbobin suna girma sosai, wanda yake da kyau sosai. Bayan haka, mafi girma da dabba, mafi girma yawan aiki na nama.
Musamman, a matsakaici matakan girma Kalmyk rassan sune:
- Tsawancin da aka bushe a tsakanin 125 da 130 centimeters;
- Kwankwatar jikin mutum daga 145 zuwa 160 centimeters, dangane da jima'i na dabba;
- kirji na kirji na yatsun kafa na 186-188;
- zurfin kirji 65-70 centimeters;
Idan ciyarwar cinyewar shanu Kalmyk mai kyau ne kuma mai gina jiki, to, ƙwayar muscle zata kara sauri
. Saukar da tsokoki a baya na jikin dabba ya zama mai kyau. A tsawon lokacin sanyi, Kalmyk shanu suna tsalle da ulu da gashi mai laushi tare da ƙasa, abin da yake a gare su ne babban maƙalli.
Babban amfanin kalmyk irin shanu ko me yasa za a iya bada shawara ga shayar da shanu?
Zabin yanayi mai wuya, wanda ya haifar da yanayi mai rai, ya mayar da hankali ga bunkasa da ƙarfafa dabi'un da ke ba wa dabbobi damar samun damar rayuwa.
Rashin lafiyar dabbobi sun fi dacewa, wadanda suka riga sun bunkasa wasu kaddarorin. A sakamakon haka, nau'in Kalmyk na shanu suna da nau'o'in halaye da kyawawan dabi'un da suke girmama darajarta idan aka kwatanta da sauran saniya.
Daga cikin halaye masu yawa, babban nauyin amfanin za a iya kiran wannan:
- Jinƙai mai tsanani.
Wadannan shanu, ba tare da lalacewar lafiyar jiki ba, suna iya jurewa da tsayi mai sanyi (har zuwa 35-40 ° C), iska mai sanyi, da zafi zafi mai zafi har zuwa + 45 ° C da sama, da kuma sauran yanayin damuwa.
A cikin hunturu, wannan nau'in shanu suna tsiro da gashi mai tsanani, tare da yawancin nau'in fluff.
Irin wannan gashi gashi da ƙwayoyin ƙwayar cuta masu ɗawainiya suna ba da kariya mai kariya daga iska mai sanyi da zafi.
- Abubuwan da ba a san su ba.
Kalmyk irin na shanu gaba daya unpretentious da yanayin da tsare da kuma ciyar da halaye.
Wadannan shanu sun dace su tsira ko da a wuraren daji na hamada, inda tushen abinci zai iya kasancewa ciyawa mai fure-fuka, wanda wasu dabbobi ba su dace ba.
Suna iya tafiya don neman abinci daga kilomita 15 zuwa 50, da kuma neman abinci a cikin hunturu daga karkashin dusar ƙanƙara. Saboda haka, ya kamata a buɗe dukkanin nau'in wannan nau'in, kuma a cikin tsawon shekara.
- Kyakkyawar yawan nama.
Duk da cewa dabbobi suna cinye makiyaya kawai ba koyaushe ba mai kyau, nama yana da dandano mai kyau.
Musamman ma, an lura da cewa idan aka ciyar da dabbobi don ciyar da abinci, da naman da aka samo daga cikinsu ya rasa halaye na musamman.
- Maƙaryaccen mai madara.
Ko da yake wannan nau'in nama ne, raba su madara masu shanu mai ma'ana.
Hakika, idan aka kwatanta da wasu nau'o'in, matayensu ba su da kyau, amma Kalmyk Burenkans suna sanannun cewa gashin da ke cikin madara ya kai 4.2-6.4%.
- Easy calving da high reproducibility.
Wannan nau'in ne ke nuna yawan ƙwayoyin haihuwa da kuma reproducibility.
Shanu na iya haifar da 'ya'yan lafiya har shekara goma sha biyar. Sakamakon hattability ya kai 95.
Ko da tare da rashin abinci a cikin hunturu, da asarar nauyi mai tsanani, ana kula da shanu sosai, kuma a lokacin bazara suna karɓar siffofin batattu.
- Kyakkyawan tsarin narkewa, wanda ya dace da cinna ciyawa da roughage.
Dabbobi na irin wannan shanu suna da tsarin gina jiki, wanda ya ba su dama su ci ciyayi mai yawa da mikiya, abinci mara kyau.
- Da ikon dawowa daga asarar nauyi.
A cikin yanayin rashin asarar nauyi na jiki a cikin hunturu, shanu na wannan nau'in a cikin bazara, tare da bayyanar wuraren noma mai kyau, da sauri ya mayar da asirin da suka ɓace. Bugu da ƙari, irin wannan taro saukad da ba su kawo wani cutar ga lafiyar.
- Tsufa, matukar ci gaba.
Dabbobin Kalmyk suna da muhimmancin kayan aiki na tattalin arziki - balagagge maras kyau.
A cikin watannin watanni takwas, yaye ƙurucizai kai 30-35% na kwayar halitta a cikin nama na nama, 11-16% na mai da 20-26% na furotin.
- Kyakkyawan amfani da makiyaya - an ci kome.
Ko da kuwa sun kasance hamada a wuraren da ake ci gaba, shanu za su san yadda zasu cika abincin su.
Har ila yau yana da ban sha'awa don karantawa game da shanu mafi kyau na shanu.
Ƙananan maras kyau na Kalmyk irin shanu
Ƙungiyar girman kai mai matuƙar girman kai a tsakanin kalmyk shanu ba za a iya ganewa ba. Mafi sau da yawa uwar, kusa da maraƙi yi haɗari da zalunci, har ma da dangantaka da mai shi, ba ya bari kowa ya gare shi.
Matsayin tsaro na maraƙi ya zama babban ɗayan wannan yanayin a yau an dauke shi hasara. A wannan bangare, dabbobin ba su riga sun rasa rayukansu ba.
Wadanne siffofin dabbobin Kalmyk ya kamata kowane lambun dabbobi ya san?
Kalmyk irin nau'in shanu sun bambanta tara abubuwa na gina jiki a jiki, musamman ma mata. Wannan yanayin ya fara bayyana kanta a ƙarshen kaka, kafin farkon hunturu, kuma wannan dukiyar ba ta ɓace ba ko da lokacin da wuraren noma ba su da yawa kuma an ajiye shanu ne a kan makiyaya.
Maganin gishiri ya fara farawa a cikin yanayin watering a karkashin fata, sa'an nan kuma a jikin gabobin ciki, a cikin tsokoki da kuma tsakanin su.
Idan akwai rashin abinci a cikin hunturu, za'a fara amfani da ƙwayoyi masu amfani da su a cikin tsari. Bisa ga wannan, dabbobin shanu na Kalmyk suna da nauyin yanayi na nauyin nauyi da fatness.
Wata saniya a lokacin hunturu na iya rasa daga nau'in kilo 30 zuwa 70 na nauyin nauyi. A lokaci guda, kafin ka fita zuwa makiyaya, zai yi kama da abinci mai matsakaici. Idan kafin makiyaya hunturu yana da kyau, to, saniya zai kasance mafi girma fatness.
Kwayoyin narkewa daga cikin waɗannan dabbobi an bunkasa sosai kuma yana ba ka damar cin abinci mai yawa da ciyawa, roughage. Dukkanin abubuwan gina jiki da aka samo kayan jiki suna kama da su sosai.
Menene yake taimakawa shanun Kalmyk don jure yanayin yanayi mai bambanta?
Mun sake jaddada muhimmancin jimiri na irin. Har ila yau yana da kyau a gaya game da bambancin fata na kowsyk shanu, wanda shine tushen irin wannan fasalin.
Bugu da ƙari, gaskiyar cewa gashin gashi suna da tsawo kuma yana da kyawawan kaddarorin, an kuma shafe shi da warming fluff.
A lokacin dumi na shekara, bayan ƙarancin molt, jiki ya zama mai haske, gashi mai haske yana haskaka hasken rana. Abin da ke gaba, tare da farkon kwanakin dumi, ya ba da damar dabbobi su ciyar da iyakar lokaci a cikin steppe da kan tsaunukan dutsen. Babu sauran nau'in shanu na iya yin alfaharin wannan yanayin.
Sure jikin jiki - wannan abu mai ban mamaki kuma a lokaci guda muhimmiyar damar da kwayoyin halitta ke haifarwa ta taso da sha'awa a cikin masu ba da ilmi.
Tsarin ƙasa shine ikon iya kula da yanayin jiki mai sanyi da kuma ƙarƙashin rana mai zafi, da kuma ƙarƙashin hurawa na iska mai iska, da kuma cikin ƙananan launi. Masana kimiyya sunyi la'akari da ƙananan sauyi a cikin digiri kaɗan.
Irin wannan kwanciyar hankali ana kiyaye a cikin shekara. A cikin wadannan dabbobi, tare da farkon yanayin sanyi, da dermis ya kara. Ya kamata a lura da adadi mai yawa da zafin jiki da gumi a fata.
Yanayin kiwo Kowsyk shanu a yau
Kwanan nan, ana amfani da irin amfanin Kalmyk don inganta halayen naman alade da kiwo da shayar daji da dama da kuma gado da masana'antu.
Wannan nau'in abu ne mai kyau na asali. Gwaje-gwaje sun nuna sakamako mai kyau lokacin karbar shanu mai kyau don fattening daga matan Kalmyk.
A halin yanzu, a cikin yankunan da ke kusa da hamada da yankunan hamada da ke kusa da hamada na Rasha, akwai kimanin kashi 90 cikin 100 na yawan dabbobi na kabilar Kalmyk. A irin waɗannan yanayi masu rinjaye, babu wasu nau'in shanu a cikin matakan sarrafawa, wanda zai iya yin gasar lafiya ga Kalmyk dabbobi.
Har ila yau, jinsin yana samun shahararrun shahararrun kulawa da gida, tun da yake ya dace da nau'in noma. Yawancin manoma da yawa sun dakatar da wannan makiyaya ne kawai don buƙatar shanun Kalmyk.
A baya, ana amfani da shanu na shanu a matsayin aiki, wanda aka yi a yanzu a yankunan arewacin Rasha. A yau, shanu suna da darajar gaske saboda yawan abincin nasu.
Indicators na yawan aiki, ko duk muhawara, dalilin da ya sa yana da daraja kiwon waddan wannan irin
Hanyoyin dabbobin da ba su da amfani da su, da kuma yiwuwar yin amfani da wuraren shakatawa na hunturu, na iya jefa shakku game da adadi na yawan dabbobin shanu na Kalmyk. Amma a lokaci guda, babu cikakken farashin da aka yi la'akari da sake farfaɗar waɗannan shanu.
Musamman tun da alamun nauyin yawan aiki har yanzu suna a babban matakin:
- Kalmyk jinsi na shanu suna nuna yawancin abincin da aka yi a cikin bazara da lokacin kaka, har ma da kula da fatness a lokacin hunturu da lokutan fari.
Dabbobi suna iya yin fariya da babban taro. Nauyin shanu na shanu shine nau'in 400 - 550, nauyin - 600 - 1000 kilo.
- Wannan karfin sauri da kuma iya samun nauyi da sauri ya bambanta kanta: a lokacin haihuwar, maraƙi yana kimanin kimanin 22-25 kg, tare da kyawawan yanayi, abincin yau da kullun na maraƙin maraƙin kalmyk zai kasance kimanin 1300-1500 grams.
Yawan da ake biyan kuɗin shi ne 5.6-6.0 abinci raka'a, dabbobi suna bada kimanin kilogram na riba.
Nauyin kiwo yana iya kimanin nauyin kilo 450-550 daga shekara 11/2, idan an jefa bijimai, sannan 380-420 kilo.
- Maganar shanu na irin wannan nau'in ba'a cika da ƙananan kudaden, wanda ba abin mamaki bane ga nama.
Matsakaicin yawan amfanin gona na shekara-shekara ya fito ne daga kilo 650 zuwa 1200 na madara, amma yawancin abun ciki na wannan madara yana da yawa - 6.4%, kuma adadin sunadaran - 4.8%.
Irin wannan alamar kitsen ga shanu na naman yana da kyau sosai.
Idan ana kula da shanu a yanayin kirki da kuma ciyar da abinci mai kyau, to, yawan amfanin gona na shekara-shekara zai iya karuwa zuwa kilo 1500 na madara.
- Naman yana da dandano mai kyau, yana da tasiri mai zurfi da makamashi.
Naman yana da kyau-fibrous, mai taushi tare da bayyana kadan na marbling. Jigun ya zama duhu mai duhu tare da rawaya mai launin rawaya.
- Yawan yawan garken shanu da kula da kananan yara a cikin dabbobi na Kalmyk yana da girma cewa babu nau'in nau'in.
Akwai 89-95 calves da ɗari mace, waɗannan Figures muhimmanci fiye da data kasance analogues na wasu iri-iri na nama nama. Dabbobin Kalmyk zasu iya haifar da zuriya mai kyau, masu yiwuwa na tsawon shekaru goma zuwa goma sha biyar.
