Idan kuna tafiya cikin tituna na kowane yanki na birni, to, za ku iya samun gine gine-gine na fim, gilashi ko polycarbonate.
Mutane sun dade suna amfani da waɗannan kayayyaki, wanda ake kira greenhouses, don shuka nau'o'in albarkatun gona a kowane lokaci na shekara.
Wannan hangen nesa yana da jaraba, amma yana buƙatar lokaci mai yawa, ƙoƙari kuma, rashin alheri, kudi. Amma a cikin yanayin sanyi mai kyau zai zama da wuya a shuka amfanin gona mai kyau, misali, cucumbers, wanda zai faranta maka ido. Saboda haka, har yanzu yana da daraja a cikin irin wannan tsari, saboda waɗannan farashin zasu biya a kowane hali.
Girma kokwamba a cikin greenhouses ne quite a wuya tsari. Akwai shawarwari da ake nufi da nasarar ci gaba na zamani tare da samun karba na cucumbers tare da dandano mai ban mamaki da kuma inganci masu kyau.
Duk wata hanyar inganta amfanin gona daban-daban, ciki har da cucumbers, yana da amfani da rashin amfani. Zaɓin zaɓi na greenhouse ya shiga cikin wannan rukunin, saboda haka ya kamata ka kula da wannan kadan kafin ka je sayen fim ko polyets. Akwai ƙarin amfani ga wannan hanya fiye da masu ƙira.
To dacewa Irin wannan hujja kamar yadda yiwuwar girma cucumbers a lokacin hunturu, hunturu da wadannan kayan lambu don sayarwa, da kuma damar da za su girma da iri iri iri dake amfani da su tushen tushen kawai a yankunan kudancin.
To rashin amfani duk da haka, ana iya sanya farashin kayan sarrafa gine-ginen kanta, kuma farashin su na aiki ne da kuma kudi. Akwai ra'ayi cewa greenhouse cucumbers ne na baya a dandano zuwa ƙasa. Amma wannan sanarwa ya shafi wa] anda ba su da damuwa game da gonarsu da kuma game da tsire-tsire dake zaune a can.
Tare da kulawa da kulawa da kyau, zaka iya samun irin amfanin gona na cucumbers, wanda, duka waje, da inganci, da dandano, zasu zama sau da yawa fiye da ƙasa cucumbers.
Kafin dasa shuki tsaba ko seedlings, ya kamata ka shirya a hankali a kan gine-gine kanta, don haka daga bisani babu wasu tambayoyi game da dalilin da yasa amfanin gona ya yi mummunar, ko bishiyoyi sun mutu.
Shirye-shiryen greenhouse ana gudanar da ita a cikin kaka, 'yan kwanaki bayan girbi, kuma ana nufin kawar da wuraren, da kuma kara yawan amfanin gona.
Da farko dai kana buƙatar duba ko tsarin tsarin duka. Yana da mahimmanci a shirya wannan gwajin a yanayin sanyi, lokacin da mita zai iya rusa wasu ɓangare na fim ko takarda polycarbonate, wadda aka lalata a cikin fom.
Wajibi ne a cire dukkan tarkace da sauran tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire a cikin greenhouse kafin, sannan kuma cire kimanin 5 cm na ƙasa, tun da yake a cikin wannan ƙasa naman gwari da kwari suna iya zama.
Rushe ƙasa Zaka iya amfani da jan karfe sulfate (bayani a cikin lita 10 na ruwa 1 tablespoon na vitriol). Yawan da ya kamata ya kamata ya kasance a cikin rabo na lita 10 a kowace mita mita 15 - 20. ƙasa. Kuna buƙatar tunawa da amfani da taki a cikin fall don inganta ƙwayar ƙasa. Don haka kana buƙatar 1 square. Dole ne a kashe mita a kan 15 - 20 kilogiram na naman alade, 30 - 40 g na potash da takin mai magani phosphorus.
Idan haɓakar ƙasa tana da tsawo, haka ma wajibi ne don ƙara lemun tsami na 0.2 - 0.5 kg dangane da digiri. Ba za a yi amfani da takin mai magani na Nitrogen ba daga kaka. Wadannan riguna suna yin kawai a cikin bazara.
Idan ba zai yiwu a shirya ƙasa a cikin fall, to, wannan tsari an dakatar da shi zuwa bazara. A wannan yanayin, kana buƙatar amfani da kayan lambu na musamman, wanda aka hura masa don maganin zafi don kada ka fara gabatar da kowane cututtuka ko cututtuka.
Lokacin da bazara ya zo, kuma lokacin shuka zai kasance kusa da kusa, a yanayin saukan fim din da kake bukata janye murfin na biyu na shafisabõda haka, da dare zazzabi canji ba cutar da sosai zafi-m kokwamba bushes. Kayan duman-ya ɗoci ya kamata ya isa isa (nisa ya kamata har zuwa 1 m).
Akwai hanyoyi da yawa don shirya gadaje domin girma cucumbers.
Zaɓin farko ita ce namun gargajiya a ƙasa, kawai sai ku fara buƙatar karamin zane, wanda za ku buƙaci shuka seedlings.
Yanayi na biyu da na uku shine amfani da gadaje masu girma. A cikin waɗannan lokuta, ƙasar ba za ta buƙaci a hadu da shi a gaba ba, tun da takin mai magani zai zama tushen ga matasa bushes. Sunan wadannan gadaje suna da alamun - "zafi" da "dumi." A lokuta biyu, kana buƙatar yin ganuwar ridge tare da tsawo na akalla minimita 35, kuma nisa tsakanin su ya kamata kimanin 60 zuwa 70 centimeters.
Idan akwai wani gado mai zafi, dole ne a zub da cakuda sabo da jan doki a ciki kamar wannan doki mai mahimmanci. Da takin mai magani yana buƙatar cika ƙasa mai laushi tare da wani Layer na kimanin 25 cm, sa'an nan kuma zuba yalwa da ruwa.
A wannan yanayin, babu buƙatar girbi tsire-tsire a gaba, amma zaka iya shuka tsaba a cikin ƙasa tare da lissafi na 2 tsaba da kyau da 4 bushes da 1 square mita. m
A game da gadaje mai magani, maimakon amfanin gona, dole a yi amfani da takin gargajiya, watau, sawdust, tsohuwar ciyawa, fi. Lokacin da duk abin da aka lakafta a kan gado, yana da kyawawa don yin amfani da kwayoyi wanda ke hanzarta cigaban kwayoyin halitta. Da wannan hanyar namo, yana da kyawawa kada a sauke tsaba, amma ya riga ya girma seedlings, kuma a cikin hanya guda.
Amma ga namo na kokwamba seedlings, duk abin da mai sauki. Zai fi kyau a yi amfani da tsaba da aka sayi, kamar yadda daga zuriyar gida yana yiwuwa baza su sami 'ya'yan itatuwa tare da halaye masu tsammanin ba.
Na farko, da tsaba suna bukatar su jiƙa. Don yin wannan, suna buƙatar a nannade cikin zane da kuma zuba ruwa a dakin da zazzabi, amma ruwa ya kamata ya rufe kwayoyin kawai don samun damar shiga iska. A cikin ruwa, dole ne su kwanta har sai sun fara samfurori kaɗan, wato, kafin naklevyvaniya.
Lokacin da tsaba sun shuka, dole ne a sanya su a cikin daskarewa, inda zazzabi ba ya fada a kasa -2 ° C. Ƙarfafa bukatar a cikin sa'o'i 48. Lokacin da kwanakin nan biyu suka wuce, dole ne a sanya kayan shuka a nan gaba a cikin ƙasa. Zai fi kyau a yi amfani da tukwane na peat, wanda zai iya yin amfani da shi tare da seedlings, amma kofuna na filastik ko kaset ya tafi.
Zai fi kyau saya ƙasa a cikin kantin kayan musamman, kamar yadda aka gina shi ƙasa ta musamman. A kan 1 ya kamata ya ci gaba da 2 tsaba. Har sai harbe na farko ya bayyana, yanayin zazzabi ya kasance cikin +22 - 28 ° C.
Game da lokaci na dasa, kana buƙatar tuna game da shekaru mafi kyau na seedlings. Yana da kwanaki 21 - 30. Idan seedlings "zauna" a cikin tukwane ya fi tsayi, to, zai zama mafi wuya a gare su suyi tushe a kasa, wasu kuma su mutu.
Akwai damar cewa seedlings zasu shimfiɗa. Wannan alama ce ta rashin rashin haske. Don haka kuna buƙatar samar da ƙarin haske ta amfani da fitilu na musamman. Lokacin da farawa na farko ya bayyana a farfajiyar, zazzabi za a rage zuwa matakin +18 - 20 ° C. Kamar yadda tsire-tsire suke girma a cikin tukwane, zaka buƙatar ƙara ƙasa.
Kokwamba shi ne kyakkyawan al'adu, sabili da haka yana yiwuwa a nutse seedlings, kamar yadda wannan hanya zai iya cutar da matasa shuke-shuke sosai. Kafin dasa shuki, seedlings kamata su kasance masu jagorancin tsakiya mai karfi ba fiye da 30 cm tsawo, ƙananan ƙwararru ba, tushen asali, kazalika da 3 - 4 ganyen duhu.
Har ila yau, yana da ban sha'awa don karantawa game da nau'in cucumbers.
Game da nau'in kokwamba da za a iya girma a cikin greenhouse, zabin yana da yawa. Mafi sanannun aka bayyana a kasa.
Grade "Murashka"
Wani matasan farko shine parthenkarpik (wanda baya buƙatar pollination).
Tun daga lokacin da tsire-tsire suka ci gaba har sai sun shiga fruiting, kimanin kwanaki 42 zuwa 45 sun wuce.
Wannan iri-iri yana kasancewa ne a cikin katako. Bushes sredneroslye, tare da iyaka a kaikaice Branching.
'Ya'yan itãcen marmari ne masu tsaka-tsalle, suna kai tsawon 8-12 cm, mai haske mai launin launi, tare da manyan tubercles da kuma baƙar fata baki. Ku ɗanɗani abu ne mai kyau, babu haushi. Manufar ita ce duniya.
Ba shafi duka iri biyu na powdery mildew ba.
Tana "Boy da yatsa"
Wani nau'in iri-iri, kawai kwanaki 39 sun wuce daga lokacin fitowar zuwa lokacin da ƙananan bishiyoyi suka fara yin 'ya'ya.
A cikin tsire-tsire, nau'in mace na flowering, kazalika da rigakafi ga cututtukan kokwamba. 'Ya'yan itatuwa suna da kyau, har zuwa 11 cm a tsawon, samun 50 zuwa 65 grams a nauyi, real gherkins. Manufar ita ce duniya.
Grade "Benefis"
Matasan tsakiyar shekaru (43 - 50). Tsarin kansu, irin nau'in flowering - mace.
'Ya'yan itatuwa suna da nauyi, suna yin la'akari da 100-120 g, suna kai tsawon 10-12 cm, finely tuberous.
Abin dandano yana da kyau kwarai, ba jiki ko fata ba shi da haushi.
Zelentsy daidai dace don amfani da duka sabo da kuma sarrafa.
A cikin matasan juriya ga nau'i nau'i na mealy, kuma har ma an cire rot.
A ware "Alekseich"
Cikakken cututtuka, ya fara kaiwa sosai sosai - bayan kwanaki 37 - 43 bayan na farko da harbe.
Irin flowering - mace.
Bushes suna da iko sosai, na nau'in wallafewa.
Zelentsy ne ƙananan, har zuwa 60 - 80 g kuma har zuwa 7 - 8 cm a tsawon.
Da dandano yana da dadi ƙwarai, don haka cucumbers na wannan iri-iri suna amfani da salads, da salting ko pickling.
Ba a taɓa yin amfani da kwayar cutar ta hanyar hakikanin hakikanin gashin kansa ko kuma inganci.
Grade "Emelya"
Early beginocarpic, matasan, domin maturation yana bukatar kwanaki 40 - 45.
Ganye ba su da tabbacin, an saka ovaries a bunches, furanni sun fi yawa mata, an kafa matakan da yawa.
A 'ya'yan itatuwa suna da dandano mai kyau. Manufar ita ce duniya.
Tsarin bishiyoyi na iya zama a tsakiyar - ƙarshen watan Mayu, lokacin da barazanar sanyi na dare ya riga ya wuce, kuma yawan zafin jiki yana kiyaye shi sosai.
Zai yiwu a sauke 3 - 4 bushes a kowane yanki na gonar don kada tsire-tsire ba su cika, kuma basu jin rashin rashin haske ba.
Sakamakon kula da cucumbers
Kula da kokwamba bushes a cikin greenhouse ba bambanta da kula da tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire. A lokacin da ake gina gadaje, kana buƙatar shigar da tudu mai tsayi a saman kowane layi na rukuni don a iya amfani da tsoma-tsami harbe tare da shi.
Na farko kana bukatar ka ƙulla sama da seedlings. Wannan ya kamata a yi a cikin kwanaki 3 zuwa 5 bayan dasawa cikin ƙasa.
Yayin da ake girma, ya kamata a fara harba a kan tudu, kuma wuraren da kinks ya kamata su dace da interstices.
Tabbatar cewa tsunkura da tsunkule su ne don kada su sami yawaccen taro.
Kowane daji an kafa shi a cikin ɗayan. Lokacin da tsayin tsaka-tsalle na tsakiya ya kai 20-30 cm fiye da goyon bayan, to, lokaci ya yi da za a laƙafta shi. Dole ne a cire kasan 2 - 3 matakai tare da dukkan furanni. Dole ne a yanke wadannan matakan biyar zuwa 6 a matakin takardar farko.
Yankin harbe da ke girma a tsakiyar shoot, kana buƙatar yanka a kan takardar na biyu, da wadanda suke saman - sama da na uku. Bayan an kawar da waɗannan matakai ko gyare-gyare, injin zai fara sabon sa, wanda ake kira na biyu-order stepchildren. Dole ne a cire dukkan matakai na kasa gaba ɗaya, a ƙaddara masu matsakaici a matakin leaf na farko, za a yanke wa babba a matakin na biyu.
Yana da mahimmanci a yadda ya kamata a shayar da tsire-tsire cikin tsire-tsire, saboda waɗannan tsire-tsire ba su "son" zafi mai zafi ba. Duk ya dogara da yanayin yanayi.
Idan yanayi yana da dumi sosai da rana, to sai a yi amfani da watering a kowace rana tare da lissafi na 5 - 10 lita na ruwa da mita mita. m Lokacin da aka yi duhu akan titi, za'a iya yin watering a kowane 'yan kwanaki. Zai fi kyau a yi wannan hanya a maraice lokacin da yawan ruwan zafin jiki ya kai ga mafi kyau.
Maganin yanayin zafi yana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen aiwatar da al'adun kokwamba. Idan iska zazzabi ta isa sosai, zai zama da wuya a rage shi a cikin greenhouse. Don yin wannan, rufe rufin tare da zane na plywood ko kwali. Idan akwai gilashin gilashin gilashi, duk abin da ya fi sauki.
Ya isasshen alli a rufin, kuma launin launi zai nuna hasken rana. Jirgin iska zai taimaka wajen daidaita yawan zazzabi, don haka a + 15-35 ° C ana iya barin kofofin da taga ganye na greenhouse.
Yana da Dole a kullum duba yawan zafin jiki na kasar gona, kamar yadda ya kamata a kiyaye a + 16-18 ° С. In ba haka ba, da dama cututtuka da fungi suna kunna, wanda zai shafar shafi kokwamba bushes. Wajibi ne don takin kasar gona a lokacin girma da ci gaba da Kuts.
Na farko dressing ya kamata a yi kafin bushes fara Bloom. A wannan yanayin, kana buƙatar yin takin mai magani ko bayani na taki mai kaza. Bayan makonni 2, kana buƙatar takin a karo na biyu, amma ana amfani da takin mai magani potassium da phosphate zuwa nitrogen.
Janar cucumbers ba "son" wuce haddi taki kuma zai iya yin talauci ga takin gargajiya. Kuma musamman ma idan kuna girma cikin tsire-tsire a cikin gadaje mai tsawo, to sai a yi amfani da hadi ne kawai a matsayin mafakar karshe, idan akwai alamun rashin daidaito ko ɗaya.
Girman cucumbers a cikin wani ganyayyaki ba abu ne mai wuya kamar yadda yake iya gani a kallon farko. Ya isa kawai don tunawa da dokoki masu sauki da shawarwari waɗanda zasu taimaka maka samun girbi mai kyau, wanda baya jin kunya ba kawai don sakawa a teburinku ba, har ma ya sayar. Nasara a cikin ayyukanku!
