Miltonia orchid kyakkyawar shuka ce da ke da manyan furanni masu furanni. Don siffar su, miltonia galibi ana kiransa pansy orchid. Halin halittar tsire-tsire mallakar babban iyali Orchidaceae. Kuna iya haɗuwa da kyakkyawa akan bishiyoyi a cikin gandun daji na wurare masu zafi na tsakiya da kudu na Brazil. Miltonia yana jan hankalin lambu da yawa tare da kyawunta, amma tana buƙatar kulawa da kulawa da kulawa ta musamman. Kawai a wannan yanayin yana yiwuwa a cimma yalwataccen fure mai haske.
Bayanin Shuka
Miltonia shine herbaceous perennial. Jumlai ne, wato, yana zaune a cikin kogon ɓarin ɓauren manyan bishiyoyi kuma yana ciyar da shukar su. Tushen Miltonia yana da haɓaka sosai kuma yana ɗayan ɓangaren ƙasa a farfajiyar ƙasa. Suna kuma buƙatar haske da tuntuɓar iska.
A gindin miltonia sune pseudobulbs. Suna da m ko siffa-lu'u-lu'u kuma suna 7-8 cm tsayi. An tsara waɗannan sassan tsire-tsire don adana danshi. A saman pseudobulbs, m, ganye-dimbin yawa ganye mai duhu duhu launi tashi. Tsawon su shine 35-40 cm, ana iya kasancewa a tsaye ko a ɗan goya baya.
A lokacin furanni (Yuli-Oktoba-Oktoba), dogayen fure fure na fure fure daga axils na ganye. Tana dauke da manyan furanni 6-8. Girman dutsen mai tauraro mai kama da launin shuɗi ko zagaye ya kai 9-10 cm ana fentin dabbobi a fari, shuɗi ko terracotta. Zasu iya kasancewa mai fadi, mai jingina ko lanceolate. Lebe koyaushe yana da nau'i mai fadi kuma ya bambanta da launi. Frowa tayi tsawon isasshen (tsawon makonni 4-6), amma ya cancanci yankan fure-fure kuma nan da nan buds suka bushe.
Iri Miltonia
Miltonia yana da kusan nau'ikan 20 da nau'ikan halittun intraspecific. Haka kuma akwai kusan 40 masu hadewar asalin miltonia. Yi la'akari da nau'ikan miltonia mafi ban sha'awa.
Miltonia fari ne mai dusar ƙanƙara. A shuka blooms a watan Satumba. A dogayen faren furanni, har zuwa manyan furanni 5 da suka yi fure tare da diamita na 8-9 cm. Yawancin sun sami sunan sa na dusar ƙanƙara mai launin dusar ƙanƙara, wanda ke kewaye da duhu lanceolate petals. Duka fure yayi kama da tauraruwa a kamanninsa.
Miltonia Klousa. Samun inflorescence ya ƙunshi manyan furanni 8-10 na launi mai alamar tiger. A kan furanni masu launin rawaya launuka masu launin shuɗi. A tsakiyar tsakiyar fararen lebe ne da gwal mai launin shuɗi.
Miltoniopsis. Miltonia mai narkewa tare da phalaenopsis. Miltonia fure a cikin rabin na biyu na bazara tare da furanni iri daya a siffar zuwa pansies. A kan farin bango, lebe suna da ja da launin shuɗi mara nauyi.
Miltonia Renelli. Daga cikin ɗakunan ganye mai haske, ɗakuna mai yawa yana girma tare da furanni masu dusar ƙanƙara 3-5. Lebe mai ruwan hoda mai launin shuɗi yana da fararen fata kuma an rufe shi da shuɗi mai launin shuɗi.
Mitassia. Shuka tana da manyan furanni masu launin furanni da launin shuɗi. Blossom yana farawa a cikin fall. Yana son abun ciki mai daɗi.
Hanyoyin kiwo
Ana aiwatar da yaduwar miltonia ta hanyar hanyar rarrabe daji. A cikin bazara, yayin dasawa, ya kamata a rarraba tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire zuwa sassa da yawa. A kowane rarrabuwa, pseudobulbs 3-5 zasu kasance. An yanke wuraren da aka yanke tare da gawayi da ƙura a bushe a cikin sa'o'i da yawa a cikin iska. Bayan wannan, za a iya dasa miltonia a cikin karamin tukwane tare da ƙasa don tsirrai.
Bayan rarrabuwa, orchid yana buƙatar ƙarin kulawa sosai. A ɗan lokaci, tsiron ya daina girma. Manyan bushes, wanda ya kunshi adadi mai yawa na kwararan fitila, yayi girma sosai kuma yayi fure mai yalwa, don haka kada rabo yai yawaita.
Yadda ake dasa orchid
Miltonia ba a dasa shi sau da yawa, ya isa yin hakan sau ɗaya kowace shekara 2-3. Mafi kyawun lokacin don wannan hanya shine farkon bazara. Idan tushen miltonia ya girma sosai har ba su dace da tukunya ba, zaku iya ɗaukar babban akwati ko rarraba daji zuwa sassa da yawa.
Tukunyar tana buƙatar ɗaukar gaskiya, filastik, tare da manyan ramuka na magudanar ruwa. A lokacin juyawa, tsohuwar ƙasa an tsabtace ta gaba ɗaya daga tushen kuma ta tsoma cikin ruwa. Wannan yana hana ci gaban tushen rot da ƙasa mai wuce gona da iri. Soilasa don miltonia yana cikin abubuwan da aka haɗa:
- Tushen fern Tushen;
- ƙwayar sphagnum;
- ƙasar turf
- takardar ƙasa;
- guda na gawayi.
Kada ku zurfafa pseudobulbs da yawa, wani ɓangare na rhizome ya kamata a kasance a saman ƙasa.
Kulawar Gida
Kula da miltonia a gida yana buƙatar ƙoƙari. Wannan ita ce hanya daya tilo don cimma furanni mai tsawo da yalwatacce. Daga cikin mahimmancin zaɓi shine zaɓi na ainihin wurin don orchid.
Haske Miltonia yana son haske na yanayi. Hasken rana kai tsaye yana haifar da ƙonewa da bayyanar mummunar aibobi akan ƙwaya. An yarda da karamin penumbra. Tare da zaɓin da ya dace na ƙaruwa da tsawon lokacin yin haske, ganye suna samun launi ruwan hoda mai haske.
Zazzabi Mafi kyawun zafin jiki shine + 20 ... + 22 ° C. A lokacin rani, ya zama dole don shawo kan dakin sau da yawa saboda furen bai sha zafi. A cikin tsananin zafi, ganyayyaki orchid sun zama ƙanana da raguwa, girma yana raguwa. Lokacin yin iska, yana da mahimmanci don kare miltonia daga zane. A cikin hunturu, zaku iya rage zafin jiki zuwa + 15 ° C.
Haushi. Mafi kyawun yanayin zafi don miltonia shine 70%. A cikin dakin bushewa, tukwicin ganye ya fara bushewa. Yawancin lokaci ba a so shi don fesa ganye, yana da kyau a sanya kwantena tare da ruwa ko ɗakunan leya mai kusa. Lokaci-lokaci, yakamata a goge ganyen daga ƙura tare da zane mai laushi.
Watse. A lokacin da aiki girma da fure, miltonia yana bukatar yawan ruwa. Bulbsan fitila da ke lalacewa suna nuni da rashin danshi. Kamar sauran orchids, zai fi kyau a shayar da shi ta hanyar nutsar da tukunya na mintina 10-15 a cikin kwanar da ruwa. Hakanan zaka iya amfani da ruwan wanka (+ 45 ° C). Dole ne a cire ruwa mai wucewa kai tsaye daga sump. Bayan an yi wanka, an goge ganyen a bushe.
Takin Ana amfani da miya babba sau biyu a wata daga Afrilun zuwa ƙarshen fure. Kuna buƙatar amfani da kayan musamman don orchids. An zuba wani ɓangare na hadi a cikin ƙasa, kuma ɗayan ɓangaren an yayyafa shi da ganye.
Lokacin hutawa. Bayan fure, kwararan fitila matasa suka fara girma a miltonia. Lokacin da suke daidai da girman wa tsoffin, ya zama dole a rage ruwa kuma a motsa tukunyar a wani wuri mai sanyaya (+ 15 ... + 17 ° C). A cikin wannan yanayin, shuka shine watanni 1.5-2, yana hutawa kuma yana samun ƙarfi don sabon fure.
Cutar da kwari
Miltonia na iya zama mai kamuwa da cututtukan fungal. Tare da wuce kima watering da dampness, da tare da tara ruwa a cikin axils na ganye, rot na iya haɓaka. Alamar ta farko itace ganye mai launin rawaya. A wannan yanayin, yana da mahimmanci a canza tsarin ban ruwa, a cire sassan lalacewar shuka kuma a aiwatar da maganin kashe guba.
Lokaci-lokaci, gizo-gizo gizo-gizo, aphids da sikelin kwari suna sauka akan ganye. Maganin magungunan kashe kwari na taimakawa wajen kawar da cututtukan fata. Ya kamata a maimaita aiwatar da sau biyu tare da tazara na kwanaki 5-7.
