Petunia - wani kyakkyawan furen, yana daukan iri iri iri. Ba kullum yiwuwa a samu sabbin shirye-shirye na shirye-shiryen da ake so ba, don haka a cikin wannan labarin mun yanke shawara muyi bayani game da asirin girma seedlings: shirin, abin da sharadi gwargwado ya halicce ta, yadda za kula da girma seedlings.
Yaushe ya fi kyau shuka?
Daga zabi na kwanakin shuka na tsaba ya dogara da germination da kuma kara sakamakon da namo. 
Lokaci
An bada shawarar shuka tsaba a matsayi na biyu a watan Maris. Duk da haka, wasu dalilai na iya shafar lokaci a daya hanya ko wani:
- idan akwai haske mai kyau (windows fuskantar kudu), shuka tsaba zai iya komawa zuwa farkon Maris;
- idan zai yiwu a shirya karin haske, za'a iya shuka petunia ta karshen Fabrairu;
- Za a motsa shuka shuka a ƙarshen Maris da farkon Afrilu, idan windows suna fuskantar gefen arewa.
Koyi game da iri da kuma intricacies na girma petunia cascade da super cascade.
Mene ne kalandar rana ta ce
Sau da yawa, lambu da kuma lambu a yayin zabar lokacin shuka tsaba ana jagorancin su ne ta hanyar watannin wata. A ƙasa muna ba da shawarwari na kalandar launi na dasa shuki na petunias don 2018. Madaba zai kasance kwanakin nan:
- Fabrairu 2018 - 17, 18, 21, 22, 25-28;
- Maris 2018 - 21-29;
- Mayu - 17-24.
Fasali na girma
Bayan an zabi lokacin shuka, ya kamata mutum ya zauna a kan zaɓin tsaba da kuma samar da yanayin da ya kamata don cin nasarar su. 
Zabin yanayi
Shuka petunias a kan fara farawa tare da zaɓi na tsaba. A yau akwai nau'i biyu na tsaba don zaɓar daga:
- Kullum - tattara daga tsire-tsire. A cikin petunias, suna da ƙananan, suna kama da kwayoyi masu yawa a cikin girman.
- Dramatized, wato, sanya shi a harsashi na musamman mai sutsi na ruwa.
Zai yi wuya a yi aiki tare da nau'in farko saboda girmansu, akwai matsaloli tare da rarraba ƙasa. Bayan germination na iri ba zai iya kauce wa thinning. A wannan yanayin, tsaba da aka kwance suna da matukar dacewa, amma zasu buƙaci mafi yawan watering, tun da ake buƙatar ruwa don kwashe harsashi.
Shin kuna sani? Petunia, surfinia da petunia terry breed kawai da cuttings, tun da wadannan iri ba su samar da tsaba.
Yanayi don ci gaban man fetur
Don seedlings na Petunia, ƙasa mai laushi tare da tsaka tsaki ko dan kadan acidic yanayi ya dace. Za a iya saya ƙasa mai dacewa a kantin sayar da kaya ko shirya ta kanka ta amfani da:
- yashi;
- humus;
- landy ko soddy ƙasar;
- peat;
- kwakwa substrate.
Idan za ta yiwu, haskaka ƙarin samfurin haske. Har ila yau, don ci gaba da shuka germination, yana da muhimmanci don tabbatar da yawan zafin jiki na kusa 24-25ºOD. Bayan harbe, sannu-sannu ƙananan zuwa 20ºС.Sanar da cututtuka da cututtuka na petunia.
Dasa seedlings
Zaka iya girma seedlings a hanyoyi uku: a cikin kwantena, a cikin Allunan ko cikin cassettes.
A cikin kwantena
A gargajiya ne namo na seedlings a cikin kwantena. Don yin wannan, yi amfani da tukwane ko kwano, yawanci filastik. A kasan akwati ya zama wajibi ne a saka layin malalewa, sannan ku zuba ƙasa mai tsabta. 
Don kawar da yiwuwar kwari, ana shayar da ruwa da ruwan zãfi kafin shuka tsaba.
Yana da muhimmanci! Tsaba da aka shimfiɗa a farfajiya kuma kada ku yayyafa da ƙasa.Tare da wannan hanya, ƙuƙwalwa bayan tsirrai na seedlings yana da muhimmanci, tun da tsire-tsire na petunia suna da tushen tsarin da yawa da kuma ci gaba da noma a cikin akwati guda ɗaya ba zai kawo sakamakon da ake so ba.
A cikin kwayoyi
Idan ka sayi tsaba mai rufi, shuka su mafi alheri kuma mafi dacewa a cikin allunan peat. Don yin wannan, dole ne a fara da kwamfutar hannu a cikin ruwa, sa'an nan kuma zubar da ruwa mai guba kuma saka su a cikin tire. 
Yada kowane nau'in, sannan ku zuba ruwa daga sirinji ko pipette. Rufe akwati na kowa tare da fim, gilashi ko wasu kayan masihu da wuri a wuri mai dumi.
A cikin peat allunan, yana yiwuwa a shuka seedlings obriyeta, haske, pandanus, buttercup, derbennik, caliberraa.Wannan hanya ta dace yana rinjayar cutar, ba ya buƙatar saiti. Bugu da ƙari, launi na Allunan za su iya ƙayyade lokacin da ake bukata watering.
A cikin cassettes
Cassettes suna dace da ƙayyadaddun su, da gaskiyar cewa za ka iya samun lambar daban daban da kuma girman ƙwayoyin cassette don sayarwa.
Don petunia, zabi manyan kwayoyin tare da tsawo na kimanin 10 cm Zaka iya shuka tsaba a cikin takardu ko dai a cikin cakuda ƙasa ko cikin Allunan da aka sanya a cikin kwayoyin. 
Kulawa mai kyau
Agancin seedlings ya dogara da kara kula bayan shuka da tsaba. Ka yi la'akari da dokoki na asali.
Watering
Dole ne ku kusanci watering seedlings sosai. Hakika, bushewa na ƙasa yana rinjayar seedlings, da kuma matsanancin laima zai haifar da juyawa da ci gaban naman gwari.
Don ban ruwa ta yin amfani da hanyar drip tare da sirinji ko pipette. Yana da mahimmanci don tabbatar da cewa ruwa baya fada a kan ganye da kuma tushe. 
Lower watering zai zama mafi dace da ƙasa da aiki-cinyewa - ruwa an zuba a cikin kwanon rufi da kwantena da seedlings an shigar da shi.
Yana da muhimmanci! A cikin yanayin hadari, an shayar da bishiyoyi da safe, kuma a cikin rana da maraice.Don ban ruwa amfani da rabu da ruwa, yana da kyawawa cewa yawan zafin jiki a 1-2ºOM ya fi yadda zazzabi na yanayi yake.
Top dressing
Daya daga cikin siffofin petunia shine babban buƙatar ciyarwa. Kwanni biyu na farko da aka fitar da harbe suna yaduwa da wani bayani mai rauni na "Previkur" ko potassium permanganate. 
Bayan bayyanar 3-4 gaskiya ganye, seedlings suna ciyar da rawaya "Crystalone", kuma daga baya za ka iya amfani da "Athlete".
Yana da kyawawa don takin ba kawai asalinsu ba, har ma da ganyayyaki. "Uniflor micro" ko kore "Crystal" zai dace da irin wannan ciyarwa.
Makonni biyu bayan nutsewa, da tsire-tsire suna fesa tare da tushen samuwar stimulator. Tabbatar da sassauta ƙasa don tabbatar da samun iska zuwa ga asalinsu.
Rage
Ana yin ruwa kawai idan an dasa tsaba a cikin akwati na kowa. Lokacin da tsire-tsire suke girma 2-3 ganyen ganye, dole ne a dasa su a cikin kwantena. 
An yi amfani da nutsewa tare da katako na katako, ana sa seedling tare da clod na duniya a cikin wani sabon akwati kuma yawan adadin ƙasa ya cika. A kara an kara zurfi zuwa ga ganye cotyledon.
Don kada tsire-tsire ba su shimfiɗa ba, a cikin kwanaki na farko bayan nutsewa, za a saukar da zazzabi mai zafi ta 3-4 ° C kuma a shaded seedlings.
Hardening
Bayan ankana, za ku iya fara sannu-sannu a kan ƙananan bishiyar petunias, yin aiki akan shi tare da yanayin zafi mai zurfi (kimanin 10-15ºС). 
Kuna buƙatar farawa da minti 10-15, a hankali kara lokaci, saboda haka, seedlings zasu dace da mazaunin gaba. Ana iya yin wannan ta hanyar aiwatar da tsirrai a kan baranda ko ta bude taga don samun iska.
Pinching
Don samun kyakkyawan daji mai kyau, ana yi wa kananan bishiyoyi da tsuntsaye. Wannan tsari yana kunshe da warwarewa saman saman harbi a kan lita 4-5. 
Bayan wannan hanya, sabon shoot ya fito daga tushe na kowane ganye. Sakamako maimaitawa bayan mako biyu.
Yana da muhimmanci! Kwayoyin irin na Petunia ba su buƙatar pinching: watsar da harbe ba shi da tasiri a kan ci gaba da sababbin.
Shuka furanni zuwa wuri na dindindin
Canji na seedlings a bude ƙasa ne da za'ayi daga tsakiyar May zuwa tsakiyar Yuni. Kafin motsi seedlings zuwa wurin zama na dindindin, dole ne a saba kasancewa a kusa da agogo a yanayin yanayi: ba tare da ƙarin haske ba, dumama, greenhouse. Don saukowa ya fi dacewa da zaɓar yamma ko yanayi mai hadari. Ya kamata a shayar da shayarwa da kuma cire shi daga kwantena tare da clox earthy.
Zai zama da amfani a gare ka don koyi duk asirin Petunia taki.Petunia zai iya girma a gaban lambuna da kuma akwatuna na baranda. To Bloom dade har sai frosts kansu, kana bukatar ka dashi flowering bushes.
Difficulties a cikin girma petunia seedlings
Bisa ga shawarwarin da ke sama, babu matsalolin da za su tashi. Duk da haka, seedlings zasu iya shawo kan kwari da cututtuka.
Babban abokan gaba na seedlings:
- Gizo-gizo mite - ya bayyana saboda ƙara yawan bushewa na ƙasa. Acaricides ("Neoron", "Fitoverm", "Aktellik") ana amfani dashi a matsayin gwagwarmaya.
- Black kafa - fungal cuta, tasowa saboda wuce kima watering. An bayyana a cikin darkening na tushe na tushe, sa'an nan kuma wannan wuri rots. Ana cire tsire-tsire masu rinjaye, ana biyan kasar gona tare da bayani na potassium permanganate ko "Formalin".
- Chlorosis - tasowa saboda rashin ƙarfe, wanda ya faru ne saboda rashin ruwa mai zurfi (a cikin ƙasa ya kafa yanayi na high alkalinity). Don magance halin da ake ciki ya sanya kwayoyi masu dauke da baƙin ƙarfe.
Shin kuna sani? An kawo Petunia zuwa Turai daga Uruguay a shekarar 1793. An fassara sunansa cikin harshen Rasha a matsayin "taba".An yi imani cewa babban mahimmanci don ci gaba da noma na seedlings shine zabi na lokacin shuka.
Bayanin da aka bayar a nan game da lokacin da za a dasa petunia a kan seedlings a kan kalandar rana za ta ba ka karfi da lafiya don shuka gonar ka.
