Kafin wani lambu ko mai rani ya tattara amfanin gona, zai fuskanci wasu lokuta masu ban sha'awa, daya daga cikinsu shi ne cututtuka masu cutarwa kuma suna so su ci ganyayyaki da tsire-tsire. Don kare amfanin gona daga wasu kwari-kwari, qwai da larvae na iya zama tare da taimakon kwari - waɗannan sunadaran sunadaran da ke da tasiri akan cututtuka masu lahani da zuriyarsu. Abubuwa masu guba waɗanda suke cikin kwayoyin kwari, tasirin haɗari ga yawancin wasu kwari, dangane da babban sashi mai aiki.
Shin kuna sani? Kwayoyin kwari sun fara amfani da su ta hanyar tsohuwar aikin noma.Don halakar da weeds amfani herbicides - Kwayoyin da ke shiga cikin rassan ganye da asalinsu, suna ƙone shi daga ciki.
Shirye-shiryen maganin bincike sune cikakkun bayanai kuma an tsara su a hankali dangane da abun da ke cikin sinadarai, akan hanyar shiga cikin kwayoyin kwari, akan nauyin tasiri da kuma kan manufarsa. Bari mu bincika dalla-dalla game da abin da kwari yake da shi ga kowane ɗayan jinsin da kuma wace kwari suna da tasiri.
Dabbobin kwari ta hanyar sinadaran abun da ke ciki
Ana samar da kwari a cikin kwayoyin halitta, sune masu guba, suna da mummunan tasiri akan kwari, suna shiga cikin cututtuka na cuticle, da kuma ta hanyar tsarin narkewa yayin da ake ciwo ƙwayoyin da tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire. Mafi yawan magungunan sunadarai sune organochlorine, organophosphate da pyrethroids. Bari mu zauna a kan kowane nau'i a cikin dalla-dalla.
Organochlorine
Ana samun magungunan Organochlorine (HOS) ta chlorination na hydrocarbons na ruwa. Shirye-shirye na bada izinin yin yaki tare da karin kwari: hatsi, kayan lambu da albarkatun masana'antu, kazalika da kwari da bishiyoyi da shrubs. Fassara takardun - shayuka da man fetur, iri-iri na kowa - DDT, HCBD, DDD, HCCH, heptachlor, PCP, PCC da aldrin. HOS talauci mai narkewa a cikin ruwa, mai narkewa a fats da man fetur, matakan sunadarai sunadare. HOS, shiga cikin jikin kwaro, yana shafar tsarin mai juyayi, ya lalata shi, yana haifar da inna. Rigar mutuwar tana faruwa a cikin kwanaki 7.
Magunguna na Organochlorine suna da matsananciyar lalata yawancin kwari, amma suna da mahimmanci - sun kasance mai guba, suna cutar da mutane da kuma yanayin. Yanzu ana bukatar wannan nau'i na kwari don maye gurbinsa tare da shirye-shiryen da ya fi dacewa, don haka ya kawar da shi daga 'arsenal' '' lambu.
Organophosphate
Organophosphorus mahadi (FOS) su ne phosphoric acid esters, wanda aka halin da zabi zabe a kan kwari. Mafi yawan kayan aikin magani na kwayoyin halitta sune Fufanon, Dichlorvos, Karbofos, Fozalon. Amfanin FOS shine tasirin su a cikin lalata wasu kwari da yawa, ciki har da ticks, aiki mai sauri, rashin amfani, magunguna suna da tasiri mai kyau, kada ka tara a cikin mutum ko dabba a cikin hadarin mota. A matsayin maida baya, yana yiwuwa a nuna muhimmancin yawan kwayoyi ga magungunan mutane da dabbobi, yayin da aiki tare da FOS, maida hankali ga ka'idodin lafiya ya zama dole, da kuma fitowar wasu ƙwayoyin kwari da suka dace da amfani na yau da kullum na dogon lokaci.
Yana da muhimmanci! Don magance shirye-shirye na kwari yana buƙatar shafi tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire, kazalika da wuraren da yiwuwar faruwar ta.
Pyrethroids
Pyrethroids suna da tasiri sosai daga cikin kwayoyin halitta na pyrethrum, aikinsa yana nufin ya rushe tsarin jin dadin jiki na kwari kuma ya rushe sashi na motsa jiki. Pyrethroids masu shahararrun sune "Fastak", "Decis", "Fas", "Arrivo", "Cotrin". Wadannan abubuwa sun hada da: zazzabi mai guba wanda ba ya shafi jini mai dumi, ciki har da mutum, yiwuwar yin amfani da yanayin zafi mara kyau da kuma tsayar da miyagun ƙwayoyi a kan tsire-tsire. Rashin amfani da pyrethroids - kada ku halakar da kwari da ke ɓoye a wurare masu ɓoye, kuma amfani da tsawon lokaci zai haifar da juriya ga miyagun ƙwayoyi a kwari.
Yana da muhimmanci! Yin aiki tare da kowace kwakwalwa ya kamata a yi a cikin takalmin gyare-gyare, safofin hannu da gashi.
Yadda za a rarrabe kwari ta hanyar hanyar shiga cikin jiki
Ta hanyar shiga cikin jiki na kwari dabbobi suna rarraba zuwa na hanji, lamba da kuma tsarin. Duk da haka, wasu kwayoyi suna iya hada hanyar hawan shiga jiki don kawar da kwari.
Saduwa
Kwayoyin sadarwa suna iya shiga cikin jikin kwari yayin da jikin kututture yake cikin hulɗar waje tare da tsire-tsire, wanda fuskarta tana dauke da miyagun ƙwayoyi. Shirye-shiryen hulɗar yana da tasiri ga mako daya, haɗakarwa yana wanke kayan aiki, kuma aikinsa zai iya dakatar da sauri. Abinda ke amfani shine mummunan sakamako bayan da aka kwantar da tsire-tsire mai cutar. Rashin amfani da irin wannan kwayoyi: ba tasiri akan larvae da suke wanzu a cikin buds da buds, kuma basu kula da sassan shuke-shuke ba su da kariya daga kwari, sabili da haka, wajibi ne don yada dukkanin shuke-shuke. Magunguna masu kyau "Apollo", "Karate" da "Oberon".
Intestinal
Tsarin kwari na intestinal suna da halayyar musamman: shiga cikin tsarin kwayar kwari, sun shafe shi daga ciki, suna haddasa mutuwa. Kyakkyawan maganin kwari da ke cike da tsire-tsire. Daga cikin gonar lambu, kwakwalwa-intestinal insecticides suna da kyau - wannan samfurin masana'antar agrochemical na aiki tare a kan kwari - ta hanyar fata lokacin da ya zo cikin hulɗar da tsire-tsire da aka yi da ita, da kuma guba shi ta cinye kwari da tsire-tsire wanda ya shiga cikin abu mai guba. Rashin haɓaka shine dogara da miyagun ƙwayoyi a kan matakin ingancin tsirrai da tsire-tsire. Sau da yawa ana amfani da su a cikin yaki da kwari suna da lamba-kwakwalwa na hanji kamar Akarin, Bankol, Detsis, Konfidor da Calypso.
Tsarin
Kwayoyin tsarin aiki na yau da kullum suna nuna ikon da za su iya shiga cikin tsarin tasoshin da ake bi da su da sauri kuma su tafi tare da shi zuwa dukkan sassa. Wannan nau'i na kwari yana cutar da kwari, yana jagorancin aikin da ya dace a cikin kayan kyama, da kuma mutanen da suke cin abinci a kan shuka, da lalata su. Babban amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi - m tasiri na hazo, tun da abu mai guba yana adana a cikin shuka a matakin salula, kuma ba a kan surface. Mafi yawan kwayoyi sune Biotlin, Mospilan da Prestige.
Shin kuna sani? Kuskuren maganin kwari zai rage yawan amfanin ƙasa zuwa 20-35%, da bambanci zuwa matakin yawan amfanin ƙasa na 95% tare da amfani da kwayoyi daga kwari.
Ƙayyade na kwari ta bakan
Bisa ga irin bakanin aikin, ana rarraba kwari a cikin shirye-shirye na zaɓin zafin jiki da ci gaba.
Muhimmin aikin
Ciwon kwalliya na ci gaba da aiki sunadarai ne wajen magance nau'i daban-daban na kwari. Wannan irin kwayoyi da ake amfani dashi don halakar da ke tattare da wasu kwari iri daya.
Zaɓin zaɓi
Ana amfani da ayyuka masu zafin jiki don magance wani kwaro. Wannan jinsin ya hada da kwayoyin halitta - kwayoyi da suka hallaka tsutsotsi na parasitic, nematocides - hallaka rushe-tsire, acaricides, wadanda ke halakar da kaskoki, kazalika da ƙwayoyin kwari masu tasiri da cuts da sauran kwari.
Yana da muhimmanci! Ba a bayar da shawarar yin amfani da kwakwalwa ba a kusa da apiary ko dabbobi.
Yadda za a raba kwayoyi don dalilai na samarwa
Don saukaka ma'aikatan lambu da ma'aikatan aikin gona, kungiyoyin magungunan ƙwayoyi sun ɓullo da su, sun rabu da manufar samar da su - sun bambanta a tsarin sunadarai da yanayin tasiri akan jikin kwari. Babban nau'ikan kwayoyin masana'antu sune masu sha'awa, pheromones, maganin kwari, ovicides, rashin tausayi da masu cin mutunci.
Masu haɗakarwa da pheromones
Masu janyo hankali da kuma pheromones sune kwayoyi da ke jawo hankalin kwari tare da ƙanshi a cikin tarkon. Irin wannan kwari yana ba da izinin hallaka kwari bayan kama su. Pheromones ne samfurin kira na abubuwa da ke jawo hankalin mutane daga jinsi. Masu janyo hankula suna shafar abincin mai kwakwalwa na kwari, wanda ke neman abinci marar sauƙi ya shiga cikin tarko. Masu haɗari masu tausayawa suna ƙin ƙanshin ƙanshin ƙananan ƙwayoyin kwari.
Insectoacaricides
Rigakaran kwayoyin sunadarai ne da abubuwa masu ilimin halitta wadanda aka tsara don kashe kwari da cututtuka. Wani kwari-kwari, lokacin da aka fallasa shi zuwa kwaro, ya gurɓata shi, bayan da kwari ya mutu. Abinda yake da muhimmanci - haɗuwa da abubuwa masu guba a jikin mutum yana da mummunan tasiri a kan tsarin da ke cikin tsakiya.
Ovicides
Ovicides na iya samun mummunar tasiri a kan qwai na kwari masu yawa, wanda shine daya daga cikin matakai mafi kyau a cikin ci gaba da kwari da mite. Abubuwa masu guba sun shiga cikin kwasfa na kwai kuma su halakar da amfrayo na kwari. Irin wannan magani bai zama na mutuwa ba don wasu matakai na ci gaba da ciwon kwari da rayuwa.
Aphistides
Atives su ne magungunan sinadaran da ke halakar da mutanen aphid. Irin wannan kwari yana da ciwon zuciya, lambar sadarwa da kuma yadda ake amfani da su a kan aphids da wasu karin kwari. Rashin ruwa yana da ruwa mai narkewa a cikin ruwa, kuma a cikin kwayoyin halitta - mai kyau.
Larvicides
Larvicides sune kwayoyi da ke da tasiri akan tasirin ciwon kwari, yayin da sauran matakai ba su da tasiri game da tasirinta. Tsutsa ko masifa na kwaro, cin abinci, wanda aka bi da shi tare da kashe kansa, bayan lokaci ya mutu daga abubuwa masu guba na miyagun ƙwayoyi. Mafi mahimmanci ga aikin wannan irin kwari shine kwari a farkon farkon yarinya.
Abun daji
Masu ba da ladabi sune wakilai wadanda ke tsoratar da ƙwayoyin kwari da kuma hana su daga gonar lambu da gonar lambu. Mai yiwuwa zai iya zama ko dai wata magungunan sinadarai ko wani tsire-tsire, wanda, ta wurin wariyarsa, zai kare kyawawan al'adu daga kwari masu cutarwa. Yana da kyau a yi amfani da maƙaryata ga dalilai na prophylactic a wataƙƙarin yiwuwar shuka lalacewa ta hanyar kwari.
Mun san kanmu da abin da kwari yake da kuma abin da suke rarrabawa, wanda yake da matukar muhimmanci da kuma dacewa a yayin da yake yin amfani da kwayoyi don halakar wasu nau'i na kwari. A halin yanzu, ana gabatar da kwari-kwari a cikin babban nau'i a cikin ɗakuna na musamman. Tare da taimakonsu, gonar ko gidan zafi a karimci ya ba ku girbi ba tare da kokarin da kudi ba.
