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Pear

Pear Yara: bayanin irin iri-iri, dasawa da kulawa

Daga cikin lokacin rani na rani, an kirkiro Pear Nursery da farko, wanda kuma ya fi dacewa don dandano mai dadi sosai da yawan amfanin ƙasa mai kyau. A saboda haka, a ƙasa za mu bincika siffofin girma na ƙwayar Nursery, don haka kowane lambu na iya yin ado da kansa.

Tarihin samar da irin pears ga yara

An samo na farko na pear seedlings na Nursery iri-iri a cikin Nursery All-Rasha na Moscow, inda masu shayarwa Yu, A. Petrov da N. V. Efimova suka yi aiki a kai. Don samun wannan nau'in nau'i mai nau'in, wanda ke da matukar digiri na takwas da kuma sanannun iri-iri na Dyushesa sun haye. Saboda karuwa da wuri da kuma dandano mai girma na 'ya'yan itatuwa masu yawa, wannan iri-iri ya zama tartsatsi kuma yanzu yana da girma a tsakiya na Rasha da kuma cikin Ukraine.

Halaye na nau'in pear ga yara

Bisa ga halaye na waje, ba sauƙi ba ne don samun nau'in nau'i na Yara, tun da bishiyar da siffar 'ya'yan itace a cikin hanyoyi da yawa kamar sauran nau'o'in rani, musamman ma tare da zumunta. Amma duk da haka a wasu halaye masu rarrabe yana da daraja dakatar da hankali.

Bayanin itace

Yarar yara sune iri-iri iri iri, tun da tsawo daga bishiyar wannan nau'in ya kai kimanin mita 3-4. Nursery Pear ya bambanta da farkon kafawar kambi, wanda a cikin wani girma itace yana da siffar pyramidal. Babu rassan da yawa a cikin kambi, amma suna da karfi da kuma lokacin farin ciki. A kan rassan akwai babban adadin ƙuƙwalwa, wanda ba a samar da 'ya'yan itace mai yawa ba.

Ganye na bishiyar kusan dukkanin suna da siffar sassauci, ta shimfiɗa. A tsawon lokaci, sun zama sosai lokacin farin ciki, suna da haske launin ruwan kasa. Tun lokacin bazara, rassan suna yalwace rufe duhu. Harshen ganye suna da kyau, suna da santsi mai laushi da gefuna.

Shin kuna sani? Kyakkyawan amfani da itacen Pear yara shine tsawon lokaci na itacen, wanda ke da damar samar da kyauta mai yawa ga fiye da shekaru 20.

Hoto Bayanan

Yarar Yara ya sami yawan amfanin ƙasa, wanda a cikin shekaru masu kyau zai iya isa adadi na 50-60 tare da gonar lambu na 1 hectare. Wataƙila wannan ba wai kawai saboda yawancin 'ya'yan itatuwa ba, amma kuma saboda yawan nau'i na kowane pear, wanda zai iya auna 60-80 g kowace.

Har ila yau, halaye masu halaye sune mahimmanci a cikin 'ya'yan nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'i nau'i na yara:

  • gajere mai siffar pear-shaped tare da lu'u-lu'u mai daraja;
  • m surface na fata;
  • launin launi mai launin rawaya tare da ruwan hoda mai launi;
  • da tushe shi ne matsakaici a tsawon da kauri;
  • matsakaicin sigar calyx;
  • tsaba ne ƙananan, suna da launin ruwan kasa;
  • babu kullun gada.

Kullin wannan pear yana da inuwa mai haske, kuma ya bambanta da kyakkyawar juiciness da kuma babban zaki. Mun gode wa abubuwan da ke iya dandanawa iri-iri. Bugu da ƙari, kamar yadda muka riga muka ambata, a cikin yanayi na rani, ƙwayar Nursery na da matukar girma ga 'ya'yan itatuwa da suka dace da amfani da mutum a farkon Yuli kuma ci gaba da ci gaba har zuwa tsakiyar watan Agusta. Irin wannan fasalin ba tare da lokaci ba ya sa yankunan da aka kwatanta da su sun fi dacewa da gida kuma ba taro namo ba.

Cikakke pears suna dace da yin amfani da sabon amfani da kowane irin aiki. Suna da rai mai rai, saboda babban abun ciki na sugars a cikin ɓangaren litattafan almara. Duk da haka, a cikin firiji za su ci gaba da sa ido har zuwa wata daya.

A hakika, kowane lambu yana da sha'awar wannan tambaya idan mai yin pollinator ya zama dole don pear. Abin takaici Wannan nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'i ne kawai, don haka kasancewar ƙudan zuma yana da mahimmanci don samun girbi mai yawa. Idan ka sayi itace mai shekaru guda a cikin gandun daji, to, sai a fara farawa a kanta sai bayan shekaru 4-5. Duk da haka, bayan wannan amfanin zai kasance mai kyau.

Abũbuwan amfãni da disadvantages na iri-iri

Yawancin halayen kirki a cikin Nursery pear sun riga sun bayyana daga bayaninta, amma don a tabbatar da cewa dole ne a dasa wannan iri-iri a gonar mu, bari mu kusantar da hankalinka ga abubuwan da ya dace idan aka kwatanta da sauran nau'in pear:

  • Kyakkyawan juriya ga rashin lafiyar muhalli;
  • high yawan amfanin gona mai kyau dadi pears;
  • Hanyoyi masu kyau na 'ya'yan itace;
  • farkon ripening.

Duk da haka, akwai pears ga yara da rashin rashin amfani. Idan muka kwatanta 'ya'yan itatuwa da wasu nau'o'in, to, za su iya zama mai matsakaici, ko da yake tare da kulawa mai kyau, girman' ya'yan itace zai iya ƙaruwa sosai. Bugu da kari, bishiyoyi na wannan aji suna buƙatar goyon baya na yau da kullum a cikin hanyar pruning horo. Saboda katsewa, an kuma bada shawara don rage tsayin itacen, kuma zai ba da ƙarfinsa ga samar da 'ya'yan itatuwa.

Wasu nuances na dasa shuki na pear

Yayinda yara ke dasawa da kulawa ba komai ba ne, duk da cewa wasu daga cikin nuances na dasawa har yanzu suna da daraja. Bayan haka, don samun itace mai kyau, dole ne a dasa shi da farko kuma ya girma zuwa lokaci mai ɗabi.

Lakin kwanta da zaɓi na shafin

Za a iya dasa naman alade na nau'o'in Yara a farkon spring, kafin motsi na juices a cikin itace, ko kuma a ƙarshen lokacin kaka, lokacin da ruwan hawan ya riga ya tsaya. Duk da haka, yawancin lambu sun nace akan gaskiyar cewa Yanke mafi kyau da aka dasa a cikin kaka, a karshen watan Satumba. Kwayoyin lambu suna kusa da su a kudancin shafin, ko da yake suna iya daukar wuri a gabas ko yamma. Zai fi kyau idan dasa bishiyar Junior za a yi a kan tudu ko gangarawa, tun lokacin da dasa shuki a ƙasa mai zurfi, ruwan karkashin ruwa zai iya girma sosai zuwa ga tushen bishiyar, wanda sakamakonsa zai iya zama (a cikin balagagge, jaririn Junior zai iya zurfafawa Mita 7).

Dole a biya kuɗin ƙasa a ƙasa: kada ku dasa wannan pear a cikin yanki, a ƙasa mai yumɓu ko yashi, kamar yadda har yanzu ba zai zauna ba, amma ba za ku yi mafarki na girbi ba. Don wannan nau'in, iri-iri iri iri sune:

  • ƙananan gandun daji tare da ƙarancin kuɗi;
  • ƙasa baƙar fata

Yana da muhimmanci! Idan kuna so, ba shakka, za ku iya yin ƙasa a kan kujin da ya dace don dasa shuki da kuma girma pears na Nursery iri-iri. A saboda wannan dalili, zaka iya yada shi da ƙasa mai laushi mai ban sha'awa, ko kuma cire yawancin ƙasa mai laushi kuma cika shi a wurin da ya fi kyau. Duk da haka, ka lura cewa zai zama wajibi ne a yi takin gargajiya irin wannan ƙasa a duk lokacin da zai yiwu, tun lokacin da ake ci gaba sai pear zai buƙaci karin kayan gina jiki, saboda haka ƙasa da aka gabatar da sauri zai zama talauci.

Tsarin shiri kafin saukowa

Idan kana so ka shuka nau'in pears ga yara, to, yana da kyau don yin wannan a cikin fall, wanda zai ba da damar itace don "kara wuya" kuma ya zama mafi tsayayya ga cututtuka da yanayin zafi. Sakamako kawai irin wannan saukowa shine buƙatar shirya tsari mai kyau don seedling, wanda a cikin hunturu za a iya kai hari ta rodents kuma zai iya sha wahala daga yanayin zafi. Amma tun da irin wadannan matsalolin sun zama cikakku, to lallai ya zama dole a kunna daidai zuwa irin wannan saukowa, a shirye-shiryen abin da ya wajaba:

  1. Saya mai shekaru biyu mai sapling, zabar kwafin da ba shi da bushe ko ya ɓace. Har ila yau babu wani lalacewa a jikin kamshin iri.
  2. Rana kafin dasa shuki, ana bada shawarar yin amfani da shi don tsawon sa'o'i 12 a cikin ruwa mai dumi, wanda zai ba da damar tushen su dawo da kuma shirya don daidaitawa a sabon sabon shafin.
  3. An shirya rudun a gaba - 3-4 makonni kafin dasa shuki da seedling. Idan kuna shirya don dasa shuki, to, shiri na rami ya kamata a fara a cikin fall, wanda zai bar ƙasa ta nutse da kuma yiwuwar.
  4. Dole ne a shirya rami mai saukowa don la'akari da irin yanayin ƙasa. Idan ya dace da pear, ramin zai iya dan kadan ya wuce girma daga asalinsu a girman. Duk da haka, idan akwai buƙatar ƙarin haɗuwa, girman girman rami ya zama 0.7 x 0.7 m m kuma zurfin mita 1.
  5. Nan da nan mafaɗa kan gungumen azaba a cikin ramin ramin don haka samansa ya zarce mita 0.5 a saman ƙasa. Zuwa gare shi za mu ƙulla wani ƙwayar matashi bayan dasa.
  6. Ga kasar gona da ka samu daga rami, ci gaba da kimanin kilogram 30 na takin (zaka iya maye gurbin tare da peat ko taki, wanda ka riga ka sarrafawa zuwa perepret), 1 kg na superphosphate, 0.1 kilogiram na potassium chloride. Zuba rabi na cakuda da aka samo a kasan ramin kuma ya rushe, sa'annan ya zub da sauran a cikin zane a kusa da kwamin.

Shirin mataki na Stepwise

Don tabbatar da iyakar rayuwa na seedling, kafin dasa shuki, shirya yumɓu mash wanda zai zama dole don rage da pear Tushen. Tushen sapling wanda aka tsabtace wannan hanya ana sanya shi a gefen arewacin gungumen da aka kai zuwa kasan ramin kuma ya shimfiɗa a kan dutsen, yayin ƙoƙari ya ba su matsayi na yanayi. Bayan haka, asalin suna rufe ƙasa mai kyau. Don hana haɗakar iska a cikin rami da tsakanin tushensu, dole ne a girgiza dan kadan, don tabbatar da rarraba kasa. Yana da mahimmanci don tattake ƙasa, a cikin ƙungiyoyi daga gangar jikin seedling zuwa gefuna na rami. Ka yi la'akari da cewa wuyar wuyansa a wannan mataki kada ta yi sama a sama, amma idan ka zuba nauyin seedling da 2-3 buckets na ruwa da ƙasa ya sauka, ya kamata ta shafe kimanin 4-5 cm. da'irar. A saboda wannan dalili, zaka iya amfani da peat, sawdust da humus, samar da wani Layer na ciyawa na 5-10 cm. Kada ka manta ka ƙulla ƙirar matasa a kan gungumen.

Idan an yi saukowa a cikin bazara, to, dukkanin nuances da aka sama suna maimaitawa. Bambanci kawai shi ne cewa seedling bai buƙatar irin wannan Layer na ciyawa (za ka iya yi ba tare da shi). A lokaci guda akwai wajibi ne don yin makullin kewaye da gefen gefen, wanda zai hana yaduwar yadu, kuma ruwa ruwa a kai a kai da 2-3 buckets na ruwa.

Wasu shawarwari don kulawa da jaririn Pear

Yawancin kulawa kan kansu yana buƙatar ƙananan bishiyoyi, saboda kawai yana karuwa kuma yana buƙatar babban wadataccen kayan abinci don ci gaban aiki. Yi la'akari da dukan siffofin kulawa.

Yadda za a ruwa da pears

Idan muna magana ne game da matasan sapling, to, tun lokacin bazara zai buƙaci watering na yau da kullum. Duk da haka, wannan baya nufin cewa itace a zahiri yana buƙatar ambaliya ta ruwa. Dole ne a gabatar da ciwon sanyi kamar yadda ƙasa ta bushe, kuma idan ruwan sama ya isa ruwa kuma itace ya nuna duk alamun farfadowa, to, ana iya kaucewa watering. Ya kamata a dawo da su a lokacin bazara, lokacin da yake cikin yanayin zafi ba zai zama mai ban mamaki ba don ajiya 2 buckets na ruwa mai tsabta a kowace rana ga kowane itace. A lokacin kaka, ana rage yawan adadin watering, wanda zai ba da izinin seedling ta hanzari da dakatar da juices da shirya don hunturu.

Abin da kuma lokacin da za a takin pears

Dogaro mafi kyau na dindindin ya zama dole a kai a kai, saboda haka dole ne a gudanar da su a ko'ina cikin tsire-tsire. Ka yi la'akari kawai a cikin shekaru biyu na farko ba'a buƙatar kowane nau'in ciyarwa ba, tun a lokacin dasa ka kawo adadin kayan abinci. Amma bayan wannan lokacin a kowace shekara za su ciyar game da abubuwa biyar:

  1. Har sai ruwan ya fara farawa, ana yadu itace tare da bayani na urea. Idan ba zai iya yiwuwa ba, to sai an gabatar da nitrogen a karkashin tushe, wanda za'a iya amfani da irin wannan bayani daga urea, nitrate ko kuma daga kaza mai kaza.
  2. A watan Mayu, lokacin da aka kammala fure, ana amfani da takin kore a ƙarƙashin digo mai zurfi mai zurfi 10, wanda za'a iya maye gurbinsa tare da bayani daga Nitroammofoski a cikin maida hankali na 1: 200. 3 buckets na irin wannan bayani zasu buƙaci daya itace.
  3. Na biyu ciyar da nitrogen ne da za'ayi a karshen Yuni, amma dole ne a gudanar da foliar spraying. Ana maimaita shi cikin Yuli.
  4. A ƙarshen Yuli, ba zai zama mai ban sha'awa ba don ciyar da pear tare da phosphorus da potassium. Ana amfani da waɗannan takin mai magani a cikin hanyar mafita karkashin tushen.
  5. A tsakiyar watan Satumba, ana yin gyare-gyare na ƙarshe, wanda ya ƙunshi wani spraying na itace tare da urea.

Yadda za a datse pear

Domin kaddamar da wannan lambun daidai daidai, kuna buƙatar sanin waɗannan dokokin:

  1. Lokaci mafi kyau don pruning shine bazara, yayin da ruwan 'ya'yan itace bai riga ya tafi akan itacen ba, kuma yawan zafin jiki na iska ba ya fada a kasa -8 ° C.
  2. A lokacin rani, ana iya yin shuki, amma an yi shi a yanayin gaggawa - lokacin da kambi na bishiya ya yi farin ciki cewa ba ya bari 'ya'yan itace su yi fice a ko'ina.
  3. Idan akwai wajibi don yada daya daga cikin manyan ƙananan itace, to hakan ana yin wannan a lokacin rani, a watan Yuni.
  4. A cikin fall, pruning ne da za'ayi kawai idan ya wajaba don cire lalace ko rassan da aka lalace. Dole ne a yi hakan kafin sanyi, tun lokacin da aka yanke yanki zai zama mai kula da sanyi.
Yana da muhimmanci! A cikin hunturu, pears-pruning ba su yarda ba, tun da irin wannan hanya zai haifar da mutuwar itace.
Za'a iya yin gyaran farko a farkon shekara ta ci gaban itacen. An yi don barin rassan skeletal kawai a cikin kambi kuma ya bar su suyi girma kamar yadda zai yiwu. Har ila yau a farkon shekara ana bada shawara don rage gwanin cibiyar, cire kashi huɗu na tsawonsa. A cikin shekara ta biyu na girma na pear, za'a sake raguwar mai gudanarwa ta 25 cm, ci gaba da samar da kambi, kuma ya rage tsawon rassan skeletal. Ka tuna cewa, bisa ga tsawon rassan ragu, kambi na itace ya kamata ya zama siffar kirki mai kyau.

Yayinda aka tsage itacen farko, sau da yawa yana dauke da kawar da ɗayan rassan, wanda zai haskaka kuma ya sake kambi. A daidai wannan lokacin, an cire wasu rassan rassan, wanda, haka ma, suna da raunana kuma ƙasa da m.

Yadda za a kare pear daga cututtuka da kwari

Duk irin nau'in pears suna da saukin kamuwa da yawancin cututtuka, don karewa daga bisan wani itace mai girma a cikin babban lambun yana kusan ba zai yiwu ba. Yin aiki kawai ne kawai, wanda ko da mazarar spring-spraying bishiyoyi tare da urea zai iya zama, zai iya taimakawa a cikin wannan. Idan ka jinkirta wannan batu kuma a cikin bishiyoyi sun fara fitowa a cikin itace, to, maimakon urea zaka yi amfani da shirye-shirye na musamman (urea zai iya ƙone kodan kodan):

  • "Fitoverm";
  • "Agravertine";
  • "Akarin";
  • "Iskra-bio".
Amma idan rigakafi ba ya haifar da sakamakon kuma alamun farko na cututtuka sun bayyana akan itacen, to sai a shafe su da wuri-wuri don kada su hallaka amfanin gona.

Shin kuna sani? Zai fi kyau kada ku dasa pears a cikin lambun inda lambun yake girma. Wannan shi ne saboda gaskiyar kwari da tsire-tsire suna cike da dutse da kuma pear, kuma suna da irin wannan cututtuka. Saboda haka, ƙwayar itacen pear zai zama matukar wuya a kare daga cututtuka.
Har ila yau, ya kamata a ambaci cewa a cikin hunturu, ana kwashe pears da kwari da za su iya janye dukan launi daga haushi. Don hana wannan, ana bada shawara don kunshe da kututture daga ƙasa kuma zuwa tsawo na har zuwa mita tare da takarda mai laushi ko zane, bayan sunyi su a cikin kayan aiki na musamman wanda zai iya tsoratar da rodents. Bugu da ƙari, wannan yana da muhimmanci a jefa a cikin adadin yawan dusar ƙanƙara a kan tarin gatari.

Kare kananan bishiyoyi daga hunturu sanyi

Tsarin juriya na yara yana da tsayi sosai, saboda haka tsire-tsire mai girma zai iya saurin hunturu a tsakiyar sashin tayi. Amma a nan matasa masu shuka, waɗanda aka dasa su ne kawai a spring ko kaka, zasu buƙaci tsari mai kyau. Kafin zuwan yanayin sanyi, lallai tabbas za a daura su da ƙarfi kamar yadda ya kamata tare da reshen shinge ne don a buƙatar magunguna akan shi zuwa ƙasa. A saman wannan zane an ƙaddamar da burlap. Irin wannan tsari tare da kwanciya mai zurfi na ciyawa za su iya kare nauyin shuke-shuken pear seeding daga sanyi da rodents.

Wani haɗari ga ƙananan bishiyoyi a cikin hunturu shine babban yiwuwar rassan rabu da nauyin dusar ƙanƙara. Don kauce wa wannan, an bada rassan rassan da za a jawo su tare da kirtani zuwa sashin jikin kuma a ɗaure su har zuwa bazara. Idan itacen ya tsufa ne, to, dole ne ku girgiza dusar ƙanƙara da hannu. Muna fatan cewa bayanin da aka gabatar ya sa ku fada cikin ƙaunar wannan nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'i, wadda za ku kasance a cikin gonar ku. Idan ka samar da seedling tare da kula da hakkin, to, bayan shekaru 4-5 za ka iya gwada wa pears.

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