Shin kun san cewa akwai kimanin nau'in apple iri iri iri a cikin duniya?
Sai kawai ƙananan ɓangare daga cikinsu suna girma cikin al'adun kasar Rasha da kuma buƙata a tsakanin lambu.
Yau muna so in gaya muku game da daya daga cikin 'ya'yan apples, wadda ake kira Alama.
An kiyasta shi don dandano, ƙwarewa da sauki. Siffar itacen Apple alama da hoto - daga baya a cikin labarin.
Wane irin ne?
Alamar alama tana nufin don hunturu irin apples.
Yanayin hunturu sun bambanta babban lokaci ajiya.
Daga cikin nau'o'in hunturu irin wannan iri ne kuma sananne ne: Orlovsky Sinap, Antonovka vulgaris, Aport, Jonagold da Lobo.
A cikin yanayin 'ya'yan itacen ajiya na iya karya har zuwa tsakiyar hunturu, da kuma wani lokacin har zuwa farkon Maris.
Ya kamata a girbi girbi ba tare da jiran 'ya'yan itace su sauka ba ripen apples don 3-4 makonni kafin amfani.
A cikin layi mu tattara shi farkon zuwa tsakiyar watan Satumba, a yankunan kudancin, tsire-tsire na 'ya'yan itace zai iya kasancewa a baya.
Ƙaramin ƙananan katako ne mafi kyau don ajiya. Ana ba da shawarar kwaskwarima don wanke sosai, tsabtace shi kuma ya bushe.
Filas ne mafi alhẽri a saka a cikin guda Layer. Don haka za su kwanta har abada. Idan ɓangarori na ganga suna da girma, zaka iya sa a cikin ƙananan, amma ba fiye da kashi 3-4 a kan juna ba.
A cikin firiji, an rage lokutan kwanciya. Zazzabi zazzabi ya zama digiri na 0-2. Zaka iya sanya girbi a cikin murfin sanyi.
Ruwan jini
Tun da alama alama ce itacen apple na hunturu iri-iri, Ana shuka itatuwan Apple irin na irin su: Antonovka, Ladoga, Belarusian Crimson, Zhigulevskoe, Bogatyr da sauransu.
Bambancin bayanin Zvezdochka
Yi la'akari da bayyanar itacen apple da 'ya'yan itace.
A wani saurayi babban kambi, nau'i mai zane. Tare da shekaru, ya zama mafi sprawling da wilted.
Ta hanyar tsinkaye na apple apple shekaru 15-20 zai iya isa mita biyar da rabi a tsawonda kambin har zuwa mita shida a diamita.
Rassan suna da tsawo, kwarangwal, yadawa, da yawa kananan igiya. Ganye ne na bakin ciki, dogon, marigayi, launin ruwan kasa da launi tare da ja.
A ganye ne m, kore frosted, ƙuƙwalwa a gefuna, short petioles.
Apples matsakaici a girman, yin la'akari tsakanin 80 da 130 grams, wasu 'ya'yan itatuwa sun isa 160-180 grams.
Wannan nau'i ne mai laushi-mai tayarwa tare da kullun bayyane. Gidan yana santsi tare da waxy shafi. Sanya ne na bakin ciki.
Launi na affle shi ne haske kore tare da m ja jawo a kusan dukan yanayin da 'ya'yan itace. Jiki ne mai kyau, haske mai launi a launi, wani lokaci tare da jan tinge kusa da fata.
Aikin alama tana nufin nau'in kayan ado-tebur. Yana da dandano mai dadi. Its 'ya'yan itace ci gaba da sayarwa, domin yin na gida yin burodi, jam, preservatives.
Wadannan irin itatuwan apple suna iya cin nasara sosai: Orlovsky majalisa, Orlinka, Aromatny, Molodezhny da Ekranny.
Hotuna
Tarihin kiwo
A iri-iri na apples alama aka samu saboda da dogon aiki na Rasha breeder Chernenko S.F.
Star gudanar don samun daga ƙetare Anise tare da Pepinkoy Lithuanian.
An gudanar da aikin na shekaru masu yawa a Cibiyar Nazarin Kimiyyar Kimiyyar Kimiyya ta Michurinsky da Tsarin Tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire.
Chernenko na hannun Rennet Chernenko, Yuli Chernenko, Kandil Orlovsky.
Wurin haihuwa da rarraba
Kasashen da aka tsara ta yadda aka tsara shi Yankunan tsakiya na Rasha: North-Western sashi, Central, Middle Volga, Volko-Vyatskaya.
A yankuna kudancin, daidaitawa da bishiyoyin apple ba mummunar ba ne. A cikin sassa na arewa, inda tsire-tsire suke da tsayi da sanyi, ba a bada shawarar yin girma baa matsayi ba ya bambanta a cikin sanyi sanyi.
Wadannan iri iri iri sun dace da dasa shuki a cikin wadannan yankuna: Ruvil snow, Cinnamon New, Uspenskoye, Pepin Saffron da Young Naturalist.
Yawo
Itacen ya fara yin 'ya'ya 5-6 shekara bayan disembarkation. Abin mamaki, seedlings girma a kan dwarf rootstocks kawo 'ya'yan farko 1-2 shekaru a baya.
Yanayi zai iya bambanta kowace shekara. A matsakaici iya tattara daga 50 zuwa 100 kilogiram na apples daga ɗayan itace.
Daya daga cikin rashin amfani da iri-iri shine rage yawan 'ya'yan itace da kuma ragewa a cikin lalata da shekaru. Yana buƙatar gyaran ƙaddara.
Idan kana neman nau'o'i da yawa masu girma, ka kula da su: Welsey, Sunny, Ural bulk, Lobo da Isetsky a ƙarshen.
Kula da itacen bishiya ba wuya. Ko da wani lambu mara kyau zai iya girma itace. Babbar abu - don biyan shawarwari na musamman don kulawa da kyau.
Samun bukatu ba a baya ba sai karshen watan Afrilu ko farkon Mayulokacin da dusar ƙanƙara ta narkewa, gishiri na dare za su ƙare, da zafin jiki a lokacin rana zai dumi ƙasa.
Yana da kyau kada ku dasa wata tauraro a cikin fall, kamar yadda apple iri-iri Bambanci ba ya jure wa iska mai sanyi da sanyi.
Ya kamata itacen ya dauki tushe kafin farawar sanyi.
Apple yana buƙatar haske mai kyau, don haka dasa shima ya fi dacewa. a gefen kudu, kudu maso gabas ko kudu maso yammacin shafin.
Wuri don dasawa buƙata a hankali kuyi da sassauta ƙasa. Sapling dasa a cikin zurfi ramin rami (kimanin 40 zuwa 40 cm).
Takin (peat, ash), sanya tudun ƙasa a tsakiyar rami kuma sanya dan tsinkar iri tsaye, ta daidaita tushenta.
Nan gaba zamu binne ƙasa kuma muna tamp. Ƙaƙwalwar wuyansa ya zama 6-7 cm sama da matakin kasa Itacen itacen apple ya fi dacewa don shuka tare.
Wasu lambu ba su haɗa muhimmancin zaɓin seedlings ba kuma kula da su kafin dasa.
Babu hanya kada ka rage tushen apple itacen, amma riƙe farko pruning iya ko da kafin ruwa cikin kasa.
Tsayar da itacen apple ya kamata a haɓaka. Ta ba ya jure wa ciwon daɗaɗɗa. Kusa da itacen yana bada shawarar yin tsagi don fitowar ruwa. Amma, a yanayin zafi mai kyau yana bada shawarar ƙara.
Land bukatar sako da sassauta. A lokacin ruwan sama, sassauta ƙasa yana da mahimmanci ga respiration na tushen tsarin, kuma a yanayin zafi zai zama da amfani ga mafi kyawun sashi na danshi cikin ƙasa.
Hawan tsafi yana kawo a cikin bazara. Na farko yayi lokacin saukowa. Zai yiwu peat da ash ko kowane kwayar taki a cikin nau'in humus, doki humus.
Top dressing an yi a cikin kudi na 5-10 kg da murabba'in mita. A cikin bazara za ka iya ciyar da takin mai magani mai mahimmanci nitrogen free. Yana da matukar muhimmanci a kula da ingancin ƙasa.
Idan kasar gona ta da kyau, itacen apple ba shi da bukatar ƙarin ciyarwa. Hanyoyin ma'adanai mai mahimmanci na iya haifar da tasiri, kuma rashin haɓaka.
Alama tabbatar da yanke. Wannan ya kamata a yi don ƙara yawan amfanin ƙasa, hana cututtuka, da kuma adana halaye masu kyau na itace.
Don saita kambi mafi kyau, bayan dasa shuki kambi yanke zuwa 1/3. Ana yin shi ne a kowace shekara a cikin idon ruwa kafin a fara dasawa.
Ba shi yiwuwa a ciyar da ita a ƙarshen kaka. An cire ma'adanai, rassan da kuma rassan magunguna.
Tsara ba ya bambanta a cikin sanyi sanyi. Saboda haka, kafin farkon farkon yanayin sanyi Tabbatar tabbatar da lalata ƙasa.
Kamar yadda tsarin ya dace hay, peat, haushi ko sawdust. Dole a yi masa lakabi tare da kwanciyar hankali. Don kare kananan seedlings da kuma adana haushi daga rodents, ƙarin tsari ya sanya daga planks.
Dubi bidiyo a kan yadda za a kwantar da matasan yara.
Cututtuka da kwari
Bambanci yana da Kyakkyawan rigakafi daga cututtuka daban-dabanda wuya a shafar scab
Idan wannan ya faru, ana kula da itacen da miyagun ƙwayoyi. Chorus (1 ampoule da lita 10 na ruwa) kafin flowering da kuma bayan shi.
Wani lokaci ana amfani da 'ya'yan itatuwa. m A wannan yanayin, zaka iya amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi Asusun ajiya (40 grams da lita 10 na ruwa) don sarrafawa.
Idan akwai alamun alamun lalacewa da furanni, ganye da harbe powdery mildew, Ana gudanar da magani Topaz (ampoule da lita 10 na ruwa).
Kar ka manta da aiwatar da matakan da za a yi amfani da su don magance kwari na kwari na apple, irin su codling asu, mai hakar ma'adinai, 'ya'yan itace, da hawthorn da silkworm. Wace matakai ne mafi inganci karanta a cikin takardun shafukan yanar gizon mu.
A alama shine ake buƙatar iri-iri iri a tsiri. Babban amfaninsa shine: dandano mai kyau, mai sauƙin namo da kulawa, yawan amfanin ƙasa mai kyau, karfi da rigakafi daga cututtuka da kwari.
Daga cikin raunin da ya dace yana lura da rauni sanyi juriya da kuma bukatar yau da kullum pruning. Idan kuna girma da alama, tabbas ku kula da shawarwarin kula don ku adana halaye masu kyau da kuma yawan amfanin ƙasa.
