Nolina ko bokarneya: bayanin, nau'ikan, kulawa

Nolina (bokarneya) dangin bishiyar asparagus ne. Halittar yana da kimanin nau'ikan talatin. A cikin daji yayi girma a kudancin Mexico, Amurka.

Bayanin

Nolina tana da gangar jikin kwalba: tana da kauri da ake kira caudex. Tsarin itace mai kama da itace mai fashewa, haushi mai laushi na launin toka ko launin giwa ya rabu da ita. A cikin caudex, inji yana tara danshi. Wannan ya zama dole saboda yana girma cikin wurare masu tsauri.

Bokarneya yayi kama da itacen dabino: an tattara ganyayyaki a saman. Tafaranti suna girma zuwa mita ɗaya, masu wuya tare da jijiyoyin jini. Ganye mai ganye wanda yake a ƙasan shuka ya daɗe, ana maye gurbinsu da sabon sa.

A cikin daji, yana farawa kawai da shekarun 15-20. A gida, wannan baya faruwa kwata-kwata. Furanni suna kama da murhun launuka masu launin shuɗi. A buds exude mai dadi ƙanshi.

Nau'in don kiwo na cikin gida

Akwai nau'ikan bokarney sama da talatin. Koyaya, ba dukansu sun dace da kiwo na cikin gida ba. Wadannan nau'ikan da ke yawanci ana girma a cikin wani ɗaki:

Bambancin	Siffofin
Dogon ganye	Tsarin shuka: ana girma a mafi yawan lokuta a lokuta na musamman na katako. Yana da gangar jikin madaidaiciya, wanda aka faɗaɗa a tushen. Haushi shine abin toshe kwalaba. Tsoffin samfurori kira. Ganyayyaki arched suna da wuya, masu saɓin bel. Shuka bunches a kolin. Bayan wani lokaci, sukan bushe suka sauka, suna samar da "siket" mai rufe akwati.
Lanƙwasa (maimaitawa)	Mafi mashahuri iri-iri don girma gida. Ya kai mita daya da rabi. Gangar jikin yana tsaye tare da haɓakawa a ƙasa. Ganyen kintinkiri-kamar ganye suna yin launuka kuma suna rataye daga saman. A tsawon lokaci, suna zama “masu lyaukaka”. Yana da kusan mita ɗaya da faɗi ɗaya ko biyu.
Matapskaya	Ya kasance da nau'ikan nau'ikan undersized. A cikin yanayi ba ya girma fiye da mita biyu. Bar bayan wilting baya fada. Sun kirkiro "siket" a kusa da akwatin gawa.
Lindenmeyer	-Arancin haɓaka mai tsayi tare da gangar jikin mai rauni. Bar ganye ne mai yawa da elongated. Mutanen da ake kira da shuka "zaren shaidan."
Nelson's	A cikin samfuran matasa, kusan babu wuya a yi la’akari da gangar jikin: an rufe shi da kayan ganye. Ganyayyaki masu launin shuɗi-kore suna da wuya tare da gefuna jagged, suna manne wa bangarorin. Tare da shekaru, sun ɓace, an fallasa shuka. Ya kai mita uku.
Mai Tubewa	Ya girma zuwa mita biyu. Yana samun santimita uku zuwa biyar a tsayi a shekara. Caudex yana nan a cikin manya bushes wanda ya kai shekara ashirin.

Kulawar gida

Tebur kula da gida na lokaci:

Matsayi	Lokacin bazara / bazara	Lokacin sanyi / hunturu
Wuri / Haske	Shuka na son sabo ne. An ba da shawarar sanya shi a kan loggia ko terrace. Idan wannan ba zai yiwu ba, ana sanya tukunyar nolin a kan kudu maso yamma ko kudu maso gabas windowsill. Bokarneya cikin nutsuwa yana tura hasken rana kai tsaye. Koyaya, a cikin hasken rana ya fi kyau kare shi daga gare su (ƙona ganye yana yiwuwa). Daftin da ba a so da ruwan sama. Nolina yana buƙatar haske mai yaduwa mai haske. Tare da rashin sa, gangar jikin yana jujjuyawa zuwa asalin hasken.	Wurin don shuka an zaɓi ɗaya kamar yadda yake a lokacin bazara. A cikin kaka da hunturu, ana buƙatar ƙarin hanyoyin samar da hasken wuta. Kuna iya amfani da fitilun talakawa. Dole ne a kara awoyi na hasken rana zuwa awa 10-12.
Zazzabi	Nolina tana tsinkaye kowane zazzabi da kyau. Sabili da haka, babu buƙatar ƙirƙirar yanayi na musamman don ita. Idan za ta yiwu, zai fi kyau a kula da yanayi mafi dacewa a cikin ɗakin + 20 ... 25 ° С.	A cikin kaka da hunturu, za a saukar da zazzage ɗakin zuwa + 10 ... 15 ° C.
Haushi	Dankin da ya tsira daidai tare da zafi na yau da kullun a cikin ɗakin.	Lokacin da tsarin dumama yake aiki, ba dole ba ne ake fesa ruwa. An ba da shawarar ku goge ganyen tare da zane mai laushi don cire ƙura. Kar kuyi wanka. Wannan na iya rusa shuka.
Watse	Ana buƙatar tsari na yau da kullun da yawa. Bayan an yi amfani da shi, dole a zana ruwa mai yawa daga kwanon. Yana da kyau a gudanar da bikin ta hanyar “nutsarwa”.	Yawan ban ruwa ke raguwa sannu a hankali. Ya isa a kammala tsarin sau ɗaya a kowane mako uku zuwa huɗu. A yanayin zafi da ke ƙasa + 10 ° C, ana iya barin ayyukan ruwa gaba daya.
Manyan miya	Don kula da lafiya da kyakkyawa, ana amfani da suturar miya ta sama sau ɗaya a wata. Dole ne a yi amfani da takin mai ƙasa da ƙananan abun ciki na nitrogen.	Babu bukata.

Canjin: tukunya, ƙasa, bayanin mataki-mataki

Tukunyar tana buƙatar m, amma faɗaɗɗa, saboda tsarin tushen abu ne na sama. Akwatin dasawa yakamata ya kasance yana da manyan ramuka na magudanar ruwa.

Ana amfani da tukwane na filastik don tsire-tsire matasa. Don samfuran balagagge - daga yumbu.

Bokarneya ba game da ƙasa ba ne. Koyaya, mafi kyawun zaɓi zai kasance ƙasa mai laushi, yanayin danshi mai kyau tare da matsakaicin acidity. Kuna iya sanya shi da kanka ko saya a shirye.

Yadda za a dasa daji a cikin sabon akwati (mataki-mataki mataki):

an shimfiɗa magudanar magudanar ruwa;
an zubar da substrate 1/3 (iya aiki da ƙasa an riga an gurbata);
saukowa ta hanyar jigilar kaya (ƙamshin da ke cikin tukunyar ba dole ne ya lalace ba);
Tushen an yayyafa shi da ƙasa, wanda aka gama;
daji ya kamata ya zauna a cikin ƙasa (yayyafa shi da yumbu mai laushi ko tsakuwa);
sanya shi maras kyau ana sanya shi a cikin inuwa m, ba a shayar da kwanaki uku zuwa biyar ba.

Samarin samfuran matasa suna buƙatar a dasa shi a shekara. Tsirrai masu girma - lokaci 1 cikin shekaru 3-4. Tukunyar ya kamata ya zama 3-4 cm mafi girma fiye da na baya.

Fahimtar cewa transshipment wajibi ne ba mai wahala ba ne: tsarin tushen zai fara fita daga ramin magudanan ruwa.

Halita

Nolina baya bada fure a gida. Domin shuka ya kasance da lliage lush, hasken wuta ya kamata ya zama na matsakaici. Watering a lokaci guda a kai a kai. Mai Tubewa

Wajibi ne a la'akari da cewa tare da irin wannan kulawa, sculpin ɗin zai rasa ɓoyayyen ɓoye mai ƙarfi a cikin rhizome. An kuma bada shawarar gajarta saman don tayar da kodan “bacci". Za a juya daji don zama abin wasa, tare da gashin gashi, amma ƙaramin caudex.

Lokacin da ya zama dole cewa shuka tana da daskararren lamiri a ƙasan akwati, tana buƙatar samar da haske mai haske a cikin hunturu tare da ƙaramar adadin ruwa.

Caudex zai yi girma, daji ba zai yi girma ba.

Kiwo

Bokarney yawanci ana yaduwa da zuriya, saboda yana ba da harbe-harbe ne da wuya Yana faruwa kamar haka:

an shuka tsaba a cikin Zircon, Epin;
tukunya na substrate, ƙasa tana dafe;
an dasa kayan ƙasa a ko'ina, an rufe shi da ƙasa mai bakin ciki;
tukunya an rufe shi da polyethylene kuma an sanya shi a ƙarƙashin phytolamp, ana kiyaye yawan zafin jiki a + 21 ... 25˚С;
ana bincika yanayin ƙasa yau da kullun (ya kamata koyaushe ya kasance mai laushi), an cire fim, an cire condensate daga ciki.

Farkon harbe ya bayyana bayan makonni 3-4. Seedlingsarfafa da girma seedlings ana watsa su cikin kwantena daban-daban. Dogon ganye

Idan nolin ya tsiro, wanda za'a iya rabuwa dashi daga daji na mahaifiyar, to haihuwa yana faruwa ne kamar haka:

itacen ya rabu cikin hannaye, yanki mai rauni an yayyafa shi da foda na alkama;
ana shuka daskararrun a cikin tukunya tare da cakuda yalwata na peat, yashi, ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayar cuta;
duniya kusa da seedling an dan kadan compacted;
tukunya an rufe shi da gilashi, ana ajiye shi a zazzabi na + 21 ... 26 ° C;
ana shayar da kullun tare da ruwa tare da karamin ƙara na wakilin tushen, tushen ƙasa an fesa shi da Zircon, ana cire gilashin kariya kullun don cire ruwan ciki;
bayan bayyanar greenery, da zaran harbe sun yi tushe, an cire matsuguni.

Kiwo na bokarneya da harbe shine hanya mafi sauki tare da ƙimar germination mai kyau, amma ba koyaushe zai yiwu ba.

Kuskure cikin kulawa da kawar dasu

Tare da kiyayewar da ba ta dace ba, shuka tana haɓaka cututtuka. Kurakurai cikin kulawa da maganin matsalar:

Bayanin matsala	Dalili mai yiwuwa	Magunguna
Ganye yana juya launin rawaya kuma ya faɗi.	Dakin ya yi yawa	A kwance ɗakin a kai a kai, kula da zazzabi mai dadi.
Bishiyar tana bushewa, tana narkewa. Bar Fade.	Bushewa daga ƙasa.	Ruwa sau da yawa.
Kalmomin ganyen ganye suna launin launin ruwan kasa.	Yawan wuce gona da iri.	Ruwa kamar yadda aka bada shawara.
A cikin lokaci, ganye yana girma a hankali.	Rashin abinci mai gina jiki.	A cikin bazara da bazara don ciyar.
Ganye suna da laushi kuma suna narkewa, inuwa mai duhu fiye da yadda ya kamata.	Haske mara kyau.	Matsar da tukunya kusa da taga ko ƙirƙirar ƙarin haske ta amfani da fitilu.
Plas mai laushi suna samar da akwati. Harbe yi laushi, rots rhizome.	M danshi Ruwa yana shiga cikin akwati. Wannan yana ƙaruwa da ƙarancin zafin jiki.	yanke filaye zuwa ingantaccen tsari, cire tushen lalatattu; bi da lalacewa tare da fungicide, yayyafa da carbon mai kunnawa; dasa shuki a cikin sabon tukunya da aka maye gurbin ƙasa. zuwa ruwa bayan kwana biyar.
Foarshen ganye ya bushe yana faɗuwa, amma sabbin ganye suna girma da sauri.	Al'amuran al'ada.	Kome lafiya. Dajin yana cikin koshin lafiya.
Jirgin ya taushi.	Rashin ruwa saboda yawan ruwa.	Lokacin da gungumen ya fashe, kunama ta mutu.

Cututtuka, kwari

Itatuwa da wuya yana da cuta. Saboda wuya ganye, an kwari sau da yawa fama da kwari.

Wasu lokuta wasu kwari masu zuwa na iya farawa akan sa:

Karin kwari	Yadda za'a tantance	Yadda zaka rabu da kai
Garkuwa	Lokacin da kwari da balagaggu suka shafa, launin filayen launin farar fata. Takardun zanen gado sun lalace kuma suna iya juya launin rawaya.	Fesa tare da Actara, Actellik, Fitoverm. Gara a titi, kamar magunguna masu guba.
Spider mite	Kwaro ya jefa ganye don samun ruwan 'ya'yan itace. Doan digiri suna bayyana, ana rufe kore da cobwebs.
Mealybug	Kasancewar farin auduga. Isan daji yana rauni, yana juya launin rawaya. Ganye yana bushewa ya faɗi. Girma yana gushewa.