Ƙananan karan tare da mai girma - Tamaris iri-iri

Yana da wuyar samun gida mai zaman kansa a Rasha, kusa da wanda ba zai zama ko da lambun kayan lambu ba ko lambun. Kowane maigidan wannan lambun yana so ya cika yankin tare da iyakar yawan itatuwan 'ya'yan itace.

Idan muka tuna cewa amfanin gona na ceri daya ne daga cikin uku mafi girma da aka fi sani da 'ya'yan itace a Rasha, za mu iya amincewa da amincewa cewa nasarar wannan iri-iri tare da kulawa da hankali da shi an tabbatar.

Kusan cikakken hade domin kananan Rasha iyali mãkirci - low girma, compactness da kyau yawan amfanin ƙasa - bayar da Tamaris, cikakken bayani game da iri-iri, sake dubawa da shawarwari daga masu kula da kwarewa daga baya a cikin labarin.

Tarihin kiwo da yankin kiwo

Daya daga cikin sigogi masu mahimmanci na ceri a matsayin amfanin gonar lambu kullum ya kasance kuma ya kasance tsawo.

Masu shayarwa suna aiki a kan sababbin sababbin abubuwa ƙaddara Tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire suna fitowa daga amfanin da kyawawan nau'o'in daji suke da su.

Daga cikin halayen su ne mafi yawan sararin samaniya a kan shafin yanar gizon (wanda ke ba ka damar sanya wasu bishiyoyi a ƙasa), sauki kula da girbi.

Bugu da ƙari, ƙananan bishiyoyi sun fi kyau fiye da "'yan'uwa" masu tsayi, wanda ya dace da yanayin yanayin ƙasa kusa da ƙasa.

Ɗaya daga cikin kwararrun kwararru na sanannen sanannen Cibiyar Nazarin Harkokin Ciyayi da Nursery ta Rasha. I.V. Michurin (Michurinsk, Tambov yankin) don kawar da nau'o'in 'ya'yan itace masu tsattsauran ra'ayi, masu ban sha'awa da kuma hunturu-iri-iri masu ban mamaki, ba tare da dandano mai kyau ba, shine babban jami'in bincike makarantar Tamara Morozova. Ita ne ta zama marubucin Tamaris. Hannunsa yana cikin nau'in kayan ado Morozova, Lebedyanskaya.

Cherry ya zama iri-iri na "parental" don shayarwa Amfani da Black. A yayin da aka zaɓa, an shuka 'ya'yansa a cikin ci gaba na cigaba da cigaba da haɓaka da sinadarin abu ethyleneimine (EI). Tsarin mutagenic ethylenimine shine kawai 0.005%.

A 1994, an gabatar da sabon nau'i a cikin rukunin jihohin varietal na Rasha. An nuna wuraren da aka fi so. Ƙananan Yankin Ƙananan Duniya da Arewacin Caucasus na Rasha.

Amma a halin yanzu, wannan ceri ba tare da nasara ba ne a wasu yankunan Rasha.

A cikin wadannan yankuna, suna jin daɗi kuma suna samar da irin wannan nau'i kamar Kharitonovskaya, Chernokorka, Fairy da Black Large.

Tamanin Tamaris

Cherry na ƙayyadadden alamar yana nuna alamun da ke biyowa:

Tree

Mutum mai girma ne. 1.7-2 m high Yayi girma sosai zuwa matsakaicin tsawo na 2.5 m.
Crown, rassan. An kafa kambin da aka ƙaddara da yawa a kan itacen. Yana da yanayin matsakaici (wani lokacin ƙananan ƙananan) kauri da kuma tsayin daka. Haushi a kan akwati da manyan rassan yana da launin ruwan kasa. Rahotan furanni suna da ƙwaya.

Harbe. Yana da tsawon tsawon lokaci. Launi - mafi yawa launin ruwan kasa tare da tinge launin ruwan kasa. A kan harbe wasu ƙwayar lentils an kafa su. Kwayoyin da suke girma a kan harbe suna da siffar da ba su dace ba daga harbe ta.

Bar. Yanayi masu rarraba - matsakaicin matsayi, kasancewa a gefuna na hakora masu ƙyallewa, haushi mai santsi.

Ƙananan gefen ganye suna yawan canza launin kore. Downiness ba.

A gindin kowane ganye, 2 ƙananan duhu launin ruwan duhu suna bayyane. Ana gudanar da ganye a kan reshe ta hanyar gajere, matsakaici mai tsayi.

Inflorescences Furen furanni masu girma dabam suna kama da ƙananan wardi. Kowace fata yana da silhouette mai zagaye. Standard lokacin flowering - marigayi.

'Ya'yan itãcen marmari

Kyakkyawa manyan 'ya'yan itatuwa masu yawa (matsakaicin nauyin nauyin kudan zuma daga 3.8 zuwa 5 g) daban-daban siffar siffar. Yawancin 'ya'yan itacen ya dan kadan, an nuna shi da ƙananan ƙwayar zuciya, a ciki akwai ƙananan ƙaƙa.

Vianok, Hasken Haske da Mai Raɗaɗi kuma yana iya fadada manyan 'ya'yan itatuwa.

Peel yana canza launin duhu (m)., a kan 'ya'yan itatuwa suna bayyana kananan ƙananan launin launin ruwan kasa. Irin launi na namal yana da laushi mai laushi tare da yalwar ruwan 'ya'yan itace.

Game da babban kashi zagaye siffar sauƙi rabu da ɓangaren litattafan almara. Rike 'ya'yan itacen a kan matsakaicin kauri daga kara. Tsakanin tsintsa da 'ya'yan itacen kanta akwai takarda raba.

Hotuna

Nau'in iri-iri

Cherry Tamar ta kasance cikin nau'in kai kai tsaye 'ya'yan itace. Dangane da tsayin daka daidai da nau'in pistil (wanda yaron ya taso daga gare ta) da kuma stamens, a cikin abin da ake amfani da shi a cikin pollen, wanda ke dauke da shi ne, yarinya na tayi na gaba yana faruwa a cikin furen da aka kulle (a cikin bud).

Wannan factor yana taimakawa wajen samar da ovaries masu mahimmanci da kuma kiyaye yanayin al'ada don ci gaban su.

Bayanin haihuwa na Tamaris yana nufin cewa wannan ƙwayar iri iya ƙulla 'ya'yan itace ba tare da shiga cikin tsarin zabe ba na masu jefa kuri'a na uku, kawai saboda haɓaka kai.

Masana masu kwarewa sunyi iƙirarin cewa yawan amfanin ƙasa na wannan nau'ikan ya kara ƙaruwa a lokuta idan an dasa wasu masu zabe a kusa da shi - Turgenevka, Zhukovskaya, Lyubskaya yan itatuwa.

Tare da hanyar, yana da daraja a lura cewa nau'ikan da aka bayyana, don sashinsa, mai kirki ne mai kyau don wasu nau'in ceri.

Volochaivka, Novella da Yenikeev Memories suna cikin nau'o'in kayan kai.

Bisa la'akari, yawan amfanin bishiyar da ya fara amfani da ita don shekaru 2-4 na rayuwarkushi ne kusan 8-10 kg.

A cikin yanayin da ke birnin Michurinsk - gidan mahaifar Tamaris iri-iri - girbin wannan ceri daga hectare daya shine 65 -80 centers.

Kwayoyi masu kyau suna nuna su ta hanyar Nadezhda, Shubinka, Uralskaya Rubinovaya da Rossoshanskaya baki.

Kyakkyawan samfurin yana inganta, musamman, ta wani abu mafi muhimmanci na wannan ceri - quite karshen sharuddan da maturation.

Wannan yana taimakawa tsire-tsire don kauce wa mummunar tasiri akan 'ya'yan itatuwa masu fitowa daga giraguwa, ainihin gaske kuma sau da yawa a farkon spring. Berries an cika su da al'ada shekaru na biyu na Yuli - farkon watan Agusta.

A lokacin da aka samo cikakke 'ya'yan itace, sai ya zama halayyar wannan nau'in. dandano mai dadi da m. Bugu da ƙari, ƙanshi a ciki har yanzu ya fi girma fiye da acidity (an yi imani da cewa acidity yana cikin matsakaici).

Kwayoyin biochemical na cikakke tamaris kamar haka:

Ya kamata a lura high mataki na hunturu hardiness na itace.

Bugu da ƙari, ƙananan girma bishiyoyi na wannan iri-iri ne mai kyau zabin ga yankunan dake yankin da iska mai tsananin iska: rassan rassan karkashin gusts na iska iska in mun gwada da wuya.

Gaba ɗaya, ƙwararrun Tamaris tana da nau'o'in nau'i daban-daban zuwa yanayin hawan dutse da kuma yanayin ƙasa na tsakiyar Rasha.

Daga cikin hunturu-hardy iri, wanda ya kamata kula da Vyanok, Zhukovskaya da Morozovka.

Dasa da kulawa

Domin itace na wannan iri-iri ya ci gaba da zama a gaba, yana da kyau kuma a kai a kai a kai a kai, kuma ba ya cutar da shi, a lokacin yaro ya kamata a dasa shi a wani wuri mai dacewa wanda ya dace da bukatun aikin gona.

Wadannan bukatun sun hada da: yawan hasken rana, iska mai kyau na yankin, yanayi mai zurfi na ruwa, da kuma kasancewar haske, sako-sako da ƙasa mai laushi.

Ana dasa ceri ne ko dai a cikin bazarako dai a cikin kaka. A cikin akwati na farko, wannan ya kamata ya faru kafin faɗar kodan, a na biyu - ba daga bisani Oktoba ba.

A cewar masana, Tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire yana da kyau saboda hadarin daskarewa na seedling a cikin fall, tare da farkon na farkon frosts.

Tun da iri-iri Tamaris yana nufin amfanin gona, ya kamata a dasa shi ta hanyar da zai kasance ga shuke-shuke mafi kusa ba kasa da mita 2 ba.

Dasa tsire-tsire a cikin rami, zurfin da diamita wanda ya zama 50 cm.

A kowane hali, dukkanin tsarin tushen shuka ya kamata ya zama cikakke kuma yardar kaina a cikin rami mai kyau.

Bayan an gama rami, a cakuda humus, superphosphate (40 g), potassium chloride (20-25 g) da itace ash (kimanin 1 kg).

A cikin yanayin babban abun yumbu a cikin ƙasa, an buɗa guga guda na kogin ruwan kogin cikin rami.

Kafin dasa shuki, wajibi ne don shirya sapling kanta, musamman ga tushen. Idan sun lalace matakai, dole ne a yanke su. Tushen ya kamata ya kamata Tabbatar ka jiƙa cikin ruwa, bayar da akalla sa'o'i 2-3.

Nan da nan kafin sauka a tsakiyar fossa kaya a cikin wani katako na katako, wanda, daga bisani, don samun kwanciyar hankali, wani matashi, ba itace mai karfi ba.

Ya kamata a shigar da seedling a cikin rami, a hankali a daidaita tsarin tushen. Gilasar dole ne ta kasance tsananin tsaye, a gefen arewacin kullun tsakiyar.

Ramin da tsirrai da aka kafa a cikinta, ƙasar da aka gano a baya da aka haɗe, an cika shi tare da karamin taki.

Ƙasa a gindin gangar jikin neatly tamped, da kuma a cikin radius na 50 cm daga gangar jikin yin salo. Hakan da aka fara kafawa Zuba 2-3 buckets na sanyi da kuma pre-zaunar ruwa.

Saboda haka daga bisani babu wani yaduwar ruwa mai yaduwa da rashin yaduwa daga ƙasa, sai a rufe kafar fadin 2 cm lokacin farin ciki Layer na takin ko sawdust ciyawa.

Kula da nauyin Tamaris yana cikin al'ada na al'ada don iri-iri - a na yau da kullum watering lokaci-lokaci sassauta ƙasa, takin gargajiya da kuma pruning.

Potash phosphate da takin mai magani yawanci ƙara a lokacin kaka na kirgawa.

A cikin bazara a karkashin ceri daji nitrogen da takin mai magani.

Ƙarar taki (takin, taki) gabatar a kalla sau ɗaya cikin shekaru 3.

Safa na sama a cikin nau'i na mullein da ash yi sau biyu a kakar - lokacin da makonni 2 bayan flowering da tsire-tsire.

Kada mu manta game da girbi na yau da kullum (raguwa) na rassan. A cikin lamarin Tamaris, wajibi ne, tun da rassan da ke ƙarƙashin nauyin girbi mai kyau zai iya karya.

Idan kana buƙatar iri-iri iri-iri don lambun ka, kula da Volochaevka, Moscow Griot da Toys.

Watch bidiyo tare da cikakken bayanin dokokin da dasa shuki cherries.

Cututtuka da kwari

Don kaucewa lalacewar haushi da rodents a cikin hunturu, dole a kiyaye kariya a gaba. Duk iya yin wannan. abu mai yawa, wanda aka nannade a kusa da ɗakin itace a tsakar hunturu.

Ya kamata a lura sosai high juriya na wannan iri-iri zuwa na kowa fungal cuta coccomycosis. Irin wadannan irin su Princess, Minx, Ashinskaya, Fairy suna da tsayayya da wannan annoba.

Tamaris wani karamin itace ne mai ƙwarewa.

Gaskiya ne, ba tare da aikin mutum - m amma mai farin ciki - yana da wuya a bayyana shi.

Adadin biyan kuɗi ga duk ƙoƙari zai zama yardar da 'ya'yansa ke bayarwa.