Sadu da "Malbec"! Hanyoyin innabi daga Faransa ne

Malbec yana nufin irin nau'in innabi.

Yawan inabin da yake dacewa da kyawawan kayan lambu yana samar da kyawawan kayan don ƙirƙirar kayan lambu, kayan aiki masu kyau, kayan inabi masu tannin da ke da nasaba da cabernet ko Merlot mai tsada.

Malbec iri iri-iri

Don ci gaba da tsire-tsire na wannan itacen inabi ne halayyar matsakaicin ƙarfin kuma mai kyau shoot tsufa.

Bar:

• zagaye siffar, girman matsakaici (16x18 cm);
• a cikin nau'i na motsi;
• biyar da uku-lobed;
• reticulate - wrinkled;
• nau'i daban-daban na ban mamaki.

Launin leaf yana da santsi, da ɗan bubbly, tare da gefuna mai gefe. Kashe saman takardar sau da yawa yana budewa, amma alama da rufe tare da ƙasa mai zagaye.

Kusan gajeren ɓangaren kasan takarda suna buɗewa koyaushe. Hadawa a wurin da aka zubar da shi ne ko kuma a cikin hanyar lyre, bude bude.

An sanya takarda tare da ƙananan haruffa masu nuna hakora. Ƙananan ɓangaren leaf leaf yana da ƙwaƙwalwar ƙafa. Gurbin leafy yana da ƙananan, gajeren, mai launi mai launi.

Samun kai ba shi da kyau, ko da yake furanni bisexual ne.

Moldova, an ƙididdige Count of Monte Cristo da Galben Nou ta fuskar launi guda biyu.

Bunches conical, sako-sako da ko sredneplotnye tare da talakawan size of 8x12 cm.

Berries zagaye, mai launi mai duhu, kusan baki a launi, yana da girman daga 14 zuwa 18 mm. Kwaran yana da ƙarfin karfi da yawa, an rufe shi da waxy shafi. Kwanan ɓangaren litattafan almara ne na nama, m, narkewa.

Malbec - farkon inabi. Lokaci daga shudin buds zuwa ga balaga mai dorewa shine 140 - 145 days. Kwayoyin fara farawa a cikin shekaru goma na Afrilu.

Tsarin farko yana hada da Canji, Ƙarƙwara da Ƙari.

Hotuna

Bincika Malbec inabi a cikin hoton da ke ƙasa:

Tarihin kiwo

Haihuwar Malbec - kudu maso yammacin Faransa, yankin Cahors. Ana nuna wannan nau'in innabi a ƙarƙashin sunayen Auxerrois, Noir de Presac, Noir Medoc, Quercy, Cat, Cahors. Malbec ne sakamakon sakamakon iri-iri Montpellier kuma Hayak.

Bisa ga wani ɓangaren, an kawo itacen inabi a kasar Faransa daga Hungary ta wurin mai shayar da itacen inabi Malbec.

Da farko sun shiga cikin nau'in innabi na Bordeaux guda biyar, Malbec ba zai iya yin gasa tare da su ba saboda tsananin sanyi, damuwa na yanayin zafi, rashin amfanin jiki saboda yanayin furanni, da kuma samuwa ga cutar.

A cikin yanayin zafi mai zafi na ƙasashen kudancin Amirka, inda Malbec ya karu tun daga karni na 19, iri-iri sun zama alamun mai kyau:

• yawan amfanin ƙasa 4-6 ton a kowace hectare;
• fruiting rabo 1.5-1.6 (high);
• rukunin acidity zuwa sukari 0,7% / 28%;

Yanzu Malbec na girma a Argentina, Amurka, Chile, Faransa, Australia, New Zealand. A cikin Rasha, an gabatar da wannan nau'in a cikin tsarin daidaitattun yankuna na IB da IIA Crimea (Alushta, Saki, Evpatoria gundumar).

Cututtuka da kwari

Mafi inganci itacen inabi zuwa cututtuka anthracnose, mildew da launin toka.
Mai wakilcin causative anthracnoseko karamin kwari, naman gwari ne, ba tare da chlorophyll ba, wanda ba zai iya samuwa daga photosynthesis da kuma ciyarwa a jikin kwayoyin halitta waɗanda aka tara ta inabi.

Cutar da ke fama da sauri ya taso da farkon kakar girma kuma yana shafar dukkan ɓangaren ɓangaren ɓarnar inabi.

Cutar cututtuka ba wai kawai zai iya halakar da wani ɓangare na amfanin gona ba kuma ya sa zalunci na ci gaban itacen inabi.

Fuka mai harkar motsa jiki, wanda anthracnose ya shafa, dakatar da karbar kayan abinci da ruwa zuwa ganyayyaki. Wannan yana ƙara yaduwar ruwa ta hanyar abin da ya shafi abincin da ke cikin itacen inabi.

Duk wannan yana haifar da raguwa a sanyi da damuwa na fari, wanda baya rage yawan amfanin itacen inabi.

Don kare inabi daga anthracnose aiwatar da hadaddun matrotechnical matsala.

1. Bayan dawantar da launi a cikin fall ko spring, kafin toho ya kakkarya, ana shuka 'ya'yan inabi tare da prophylaxis don dalilai na prophylactic. DNOC ko nitrofen. A lokacin amfani da girma masu fadi:
2. 1% Bordeaux ruwa;
3. 0.4% mafita na homein, polycarbocin, polychomy, mical.
4. Don rage cututtuka na cutar ta cutar, ana cire pruning vines a lokacin pruning kuma kone su.
5. A lokacin da ake shirya vines don seedlings, an lalata kayan haɗin da aka shafa kuma a kone su.
6. Kafin adanawa, an cire cuttings tare da bayani chinosola.
7. Sabbin gonakin inabi ya kamata a dage su a wurare masu tasowa, guje wa wurare da ruwa mai zurfi: a matsanancin zafi, matakai na naman gwari daga wurin hutawa ya wuce zuwa ruguwa da kuma kamuwa da ƙananan bishiyoyi.

Mafi cututtukan kwayar innabi mildewko downy mildew. An samo shi ne ta hanyar naman kaza da ke cike da itacen inabi kawai.

A cikin shekaru da wucewar haɗuwa, asarar daga lalata gonar inabin ta mildew cikin rashin matakan tsaro zai iya zama fiye da 50%.

Mildew yana shafar kowane ɓangaren innabi. Rushewa na biosynthesis a cikin shuka yana kaiwa ga

• talauci mara kyau na harbe;
• da weakening na itacen inabi.
• rage juriya ga yanayin yanayin zafi;
• rage abun ciki na sukari kuma ƙara yawan acidity na ruwan 'ya'yan itace.

Matakan tsaro don magance mildew ya kamata a gudanar da shi a cikin hadaddun:

• Zai fi kyau a sami gonar inabinta a kan kudancin kudancin tare da iska mai kyau mai iska, tare da layuka cikin jagorancin iskar iska mai yawa;
• a lokacin da za a gudanar da duk ayyukan da suka danganci gonar inabin - garter, tarkace, pasynkovanie, shafawa, sassauta ƙasa, irrigation, weeding;
• Yi amfani da abinci mai gina jiki tare da microelements a 0.01 - 0.02% taro, amfani da takin mai magani;
• a lokacin rani don ciyar har zuwa 5 - 7 jiyya tare da furotin (1% Bordeaux ruwa, mical, arceride, polihom, Rydomil), tare da m cyclic sprays;
• tare da tsawon harbe na 25 - 30 cm;
• kafin flowering;
• a karshen flowering;
• daga baya - dangane da yanayin yanayi.

A lokacin flowering, ba za a bi da inabi ba tare da maganin magungunan kashe qwari, kamar yadda kwayoyi suna da guba ga pollen kuma suna da tasiri a kan saitin bunches.

Dalilin launin toka Shine naman gwari marar kyau. A cikin yanayi na wucewa da yanayin saukowa, ripening da cikakke berries suna da fallasa musamman, sa'annan kuma juyawar gungu.

Don rage halayen asarar amfanin gona daga rot, ya kamata ka:

• dace dace da yin garde da kullun;
• cire bakararre harbe;
• yi amfani da kayan yaduwa.

Don cutar oidiumwanda ya haifar da magudi, Malbec yana da karfin gaske.

Kuma kada muyi watsi da matakan kariya akan cutar bacteriosis, chlorosis, ciwon daji na kwayan cuta, rubutuka.

Fiye da nau'in jinsunan sama 800 an san su akan itacen inabi. kwari dabba, mafi yawansu akwai kwari.

Phylloxera (wani kwari daga sashin bishiyoyi na aphids) - mafi hatsarin haɗari na kwarai, yana da tushe, reshe, genital da kuma siffofin fuka.

Duk siffofin aphids ana samuwa a kan rootstock iri da kuma wasu gall-forming irin innabi hybrids.

Ayyukan maganin maganin maganin rigakafi da nufin Tsarukan farfadowa a cikin wuraren da ba a gurbata ba:

• innabi Ana sarrafa rigar (disinfection tare da HCHs emulsion ko dakatarwa)ko dai gudanar fumigation ta amfani da methyl bromide.
• dabarun aikin noma na ingancin inabi a kan yashi ƙasa da grafted a kan wasu iri na ƙasa ya hana shan kashi na vines phylloxera.

Yakin tare da fomar ganye ta amfani da kwari dace ne kawai don asalin sararin samaniya. A lokaci guda ana amfani da sinadarin sunadarai a matakai biyu:

• a lokacin da aka ragargaza bugun (a kan magance mutane);
• lokacin da 9-12 ganye ya bayyana (a kan larvae na farko ƙarni).

Tare da matsin lamba na Malbec zuwa 'ya'yan itacen inabi Har yanzu ya kamata a yi amfani da shi a kowane lokaci kuma a gida m matakan daga wannan kwaro.

Spraying da Vineyard tare da Insecticides (decis, cymbush, sumicidin) da kuma amfani da ilimin halitta (lepidotsid, dendrobatsillin, actofit) yana ba da kyakkyawan sakamako a yayin da ake shirin jiyya:

• a farkon bayyanar da ƙarni na farko na Lypertidae;
• 10 days bayan jiyya na farko;
• tare da farawa na ƙarni na biyu na caterpillars.

Daga kariya ta inji inabi daga asu shawarar tattara da kuma lalata lakaran lalacewa.

Hanyoyi da sauran irin leafworms, innabi da biennial, su ne daidai da na inabi.

Ripening berries Malbec tare da bakin ciki fata fatawa wasp.

Magunguna masu guba, sunadarai da mafita tasiri ga halakar wadannan kwari a cikin nests. Don kada ayi kara yawan girbi na gaba, amfani tarkuna, kwantena da ramuka da koto cikin ciki.

Tare da magunguna na masana'antu (alal misali, WT 202, jakar gonar Argus Garden), zaka iya amfani da shi azaman mai ladabi da mai araha mai jarida na yau da kullum tare da yanke ta sama.

An saka jigun mai ciki a cikin jiki, bayan da ya sanya kaya a kasan baya - samfurori da suka hada da gina jiki ko carbohydrates (nama na nama ko syrup mai dadi).

Tare da karamin yanki na gonar inabin gonaki, za ka iya kare daga wasps ta rufe su "rufe" na kayan lafiya mai laushi (tulle, guda-Layer gauze) tare da takaddama mai tushe.

Hakanan za'a iya amfani da wannan "maida hankali" a matsayin wata hanya ta magance rubutun 'ya'yan inabi da tsuntsaye. Kamar yadda aikin ya nuna, tsuntsaye sun zama sababbin nau'o'in nau'i - madubai, dabbobin da suke cinyewa, raga - kuma sun daina amsawa da su.

Kyakkyawan sakamako na adana inabi daga mamayewar tsuntsaye na iya ba da:

• aka shimfiɗa a cikin layuka 2-3 tsakanin waya, wajan inabi suna ɗaure, layin kifi ko mai sauƙi;
• Rufe bishiyoyi tare da raguwa mai kyau ko kuma zane zane.

Bisa ga shawarwarin da aka tsara game da noma wannan nau'in innabi, Malbec, duk da yanayin da ake ciki a cikin ƙasa, yana iya amfani dasu samun ruwan inabi, tare da zurfin dandano na 'ya'yan itace da haske mai ƙanshi.

Daga cikin ruwan inabi iri ma rare Rkatsiteli, Krasny, Montepulciano da Red Delight.