Gishiri mai laushi

Asirin girma Brugmansia a fili

A lokacin rani a cikin wasu lambuna za ka iya lura da shuka mai ban sha'awa kamar dope - tare da babban kyakkyawan furanni da ƙanshi mai karfi. Wannan itace shrub - Brugmancia, wani dan hanya daga Kudancin Amirka. Birnin Brugmansia yana da kayan ado sosai, har ma wasu masu kula da kayan lambu suna iya dasawa da kulawa a fili. Babban matsalar da aka fuskanta lokacin da girma wannan kudancin kudancin shine farfado da sanyi da sanyi. Saboda haka, ana kiran gidan Brugmansia sau da yawa a matsayin tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire: yana ciyarwa rani a waje, da kuma hunturu a cikin gida - a cikin baho.

Shin kuna sani? Bugu da ƙari ga kyakkyawa da ƙanshi, Brugmancia yana da dukkanin "nau'i" na kaddarorin: zai iya haifar da hallucinations, samun maganin antispasmodic da cututtuka, taimakawa da ciwon fuka da ƙwayoyin ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta. A cikin asalinsa a yankin Andean, Brugmancia an yi amfani dashi ne don dalilai na addini da kuma wasanni. Yi amfani da tsire-tsire a fannoni daban-daban: ganye suna canzawa a cikin sigari, suna shayar da shayi daga furen da furanni, sunyi tsire-tsire daga ruwan inabi, sunyi ruwan 'ya'yan itace, shirye-shiryen enemas daga kayan ado, kayan zafi daga yankakken ganye, da dai sauransu. .

Brugmansia: Bayanin Botanical

Brugmansia (Brugmansia) ya haifar da bambancin jinsin kuma yana cikin iyali Solanaceae. A baya, an danganta shi zuwa ga jigon Datura. Birnin Brugmansia ya karbi sunansa don girmama S. Y. Brugmans, masanin burin XYIII daga Leiden (Holland). Bishiyoyi masu girma kamar shrubs suna da rassan rassan kore, manyan ganye, babba (daga 15 zuwa 50 cm cikin tsawon, 25-30 cm a diamita) sauki, sau biyu, furanni biyu na siffar tubular-bell (siffar mala'ikan shine sunan na biyu da aka karbi fure saboda siffarsa ).

Coloring - fari, ruwan hoda, peach, yellow, orange. A daya shuka zai iya girma daruruwan furanni. Ɗaya daga cikin furanni na furanni daga daya zuwa kwana biyu ko uku. An ƙanshi ƙanshi na furanni a maraice da musamman ma da dare. Flowering ya ci gaba daga Yuli zuwa Disamba.

A cikin duka akwai nau'i 6:

  • zinariya (B. aurea) - a yanayi zai iya kai 6 m ba ga tsawo, an bambanta ta haske rawaya tabarau na furanni, saukar da ganye;
  • m (B. suaveolens) - shahararrun ci gaba da sauri (3-7 cm kowace rana), furanni mai launi na launin fata da launi na kore;
  • snow-white (B. candida) - kama da ƙananan itace, tare da furen karamar kabari da furen furanni (wani lokaci tare da apricot da shamuka mai duhu);
  • Bloody (B. sanguinea) - mafi tsayayya ga sanyi na Brugmans, na iya kai mita 12, furanni suna da haske mai haske tare da launi mai ja;
  • variegated (B. versicolor) - yana da furanni mafi tsawo a cikin jinsin (har zuwa 50 cm) a cikin launi mai launi.

Don shayarwa a cikin lambuna da greenhouses daruruwan iri iri iri, bambanta da launi na furanni da ganye, da siffar, size (Queen Apricot, Miss Rhianna, Variegata, Wow Verde, Fandango, da dai sauransu).

Zaɓin zabin yanayi da shiri na kasa don Brugmans

Brugmancia yana buƙatar iyakancewa ga yanayin rayuwa, to, namun daji ba zai yi ƙoƙari ba. Yanayin yanayi na Brugmansia sune wurare masu zafi da tsire-tsire, yawan haske, da zafi. Tsarin yawan zafin jiki wanda ya fi dacewa da ci gaban brumancia ba kasa da +23 ° C a lokacin rani da +8 ° C a cikin hunturu. Ya kamata a tuna cewa shuka ba ta son zanewa kuma yana jin tsoron iska mai karfi (manyan furanni da manyan ganye suna haifar da iska kuma rassan zasu iya karya a lokacin gusts na iska).

Lighting for Brugmans

Brugmansia wata tsinkayyar haske ne, yana jin dadi sosai a cikin hasken rana, sabili da haka ya kamata a shimfiɗa wuri mai zurfi don brugmansii (a cikin babban yanayin - don a shafe shi). A cikin inuwa, Brugmansia kusan sun daina yin furanni, kuma sassan suna fara girma.

Menene ya zama ƙasa don dasa

Don ci gaba mai kyau na Brugmancia, ana bukatar tsaka-tsakin ƙasa da ƙasa mai kyau. A kan shafin za ka iya shirya filin saukowa - don yin cakuda ƙasa na loam, humus (wani sashi) da kuma peat (2 sassa). Kafin dasa shuki, za a iya zubar da gauraye mai cakuda sosai tare da manganese mai ruwa-ruwa bayani (ruwan hoda).

Harshen Brugmans: yadda za a shuka shuka

Brugmansia ne ake yada su ta hanyar nau'in nau'i da nau'in hanyoyin da ake amfani da su a cikin iska (cututtukan iska da kuma cuttings).

Hanyar shuka

Brugmancia daga tsaba ba ta haɓaka sosai, ba tare da dasawa da tsagewa yana buƙatar karin ƙoƙari fiye da sauran hanyoyi na haifuwa ba. Ba a tabbatar da tsirrai ga shuka (iri zai iya cigaba a cikin kwanaki goma, kwana hamsin, bazai yi ba). Tsarin da aka samo ta wannan hanya zai iya fure a shekara mai zuwa. Wani hasara shine cewa halaye iri-iri na nau'o'in matasan a yayin yaduwar iri ba a kiyaye su ba. Sabili da haka, wannan hanya bata da matukar kyau tsakanin masu aikin lambu. Shuka Brugmans yawanci ana gudanar daga farkon Janairu zuwa Maris.

Hanyar shuka shine kamar haka:

  • shirye-shiryen iri (jiƙa na kwana ɗaya a cikin girma mai daɗaɗɗa ko tayar da gashin gashi tare da wuka na wuka);

  • sa ƙasa zuwa zurfin 10 mm, moisten, rufe tare da tsare da kuma kula da yawan zafin jiki daga 20 zuwa 25 ° C;

  • bayan fitowar harbe, cire fim, yayyafa harbe har sai bayanan na biyar ya bayyana, sa'an nan kuma dashi a cikin akwati dabam.

Yana da muhimmanci! Brugmansia tsire-tsire mai guba. Duk jikinsa sun ƙunshi scopolamine, atropine da wasu abubuwa masu guba (guba zai iya haifar da cututtuka, hasara na sani, hallucinations, da sauransu). Wannan inji yana da hatsarin gaske ga yara waɗanda zasu iya dandana furanni masu kyau. Yanke shuka ya kamata a cikin safofin hannu don ruwan 'ya'yan itace ba ya fada akan fata na hannun.

Sauya ta hanyar cuttings

Bisa ga rashin daidaito na iri iri na masu lambu da yawa suna da sha'awar tambaya game da yadda za a gurfanar da cutukan Brugmansii. Yanke ita ce hanyar da ta fi dacewa ta shuka wannan shuka, domin ya tabbatar da sakamakon da ya dace da nasara. Zai yiwu a yi aiki a kowace shekara, amma yanayin da ya fi dacewa a wannan shine a cikin bazara (lokacin da ruwan itace ya fara) da kuma cikin kaka (kafin fari).

Shin kuna sani? Brugmansii da dope suna da kakanni guda daya kuma suna cikin iyali guda. Karl Linney a 1753 ya haɗu da su cikin ƙungiya guda. A 1973, T. Lockwood ya tsara siffofi dabam dabam. A cikin 1980s Ƙungiyar Masu Musayar Amurka ta haɗu da Brugmans kuma sun sake yin aiki. Daga cikin siffofi masu rarrabe: Datura - shekara-shekara, shuke-shuken herbaceous (har zuwa mita 1.5), furanni suna kallo, akwatin yana rufe da ƙaya, kamar itacen katako, lokacin girma shine takaice (furanni suna bayyana tare da ganye 3-4). Brugmansia - shahararrun, shrub shuka, rassan rassan, furanni duba ƙasa, kwalaye kwalaye kwalaye, pods, tsawon lokaci na girma.

Kafin ka ci gaba da cigaba da zama daga Brugmansia, kana buƙatar zaɓar da shirya kayan. An yi amfani da shi na tsawon shekara-shekara tare da toho (15-25 cm) mafi dacewa. Za a iya amfani da magungunan na yau da kullum, amma furancin matashi zai faru a shekara daya da rabi. Yanke cuttings, kana bukatar ka 'yantar da su daga ganye. Bayan haka, an sanya cuttings a cikin akwati da ruwan dumi mai dumi (sau da yawa an kunna gawayi). Domin mafi kyau shuka, ya fi kyau a ajiye akwati a wuri mai dumi. Bayan bayyanar Kalus (digeren fari a kan kara) za a iya dasa shi cikin kwantena tare da ƙasa kuma a cikin wuri mai dumi da haske.

Girmancin Brugmansia ta hanyar iska

Brugmansia tana ba da damar haifuwa ba kawai ta hanyar cuttings da tsaba ba, amma har ma ta hanyar iska. Ga wannan ƙaddarar da aka yi a cikin shekara-shekara. An lalata katsewa tare da rawar jiki mai tushe ("Kornevin", "Heteroauxin", da dai sauransu), wanda aka nannade da sphagnum, mai tsabta da kuma nannade da fim. Sphagnum ya kamata a shayar da shi lokaci-lokaci. Bayan makonni 6-8, bincika kasancewar asalin iska. Bayan bayyanar su, za a iya harbe harbe, cire ganye da kuma kafe a cikin akwati da ƙasa mai haske.

Yadda za a yi girma Brugmansia: asirin kulawa

Zuwa Brugmansiya a kullum kuma a fure da fure, ƙwayoyin bazai buƙatar kawai dasa shuki ba, har ma da kulawa mai kyau. Don haka kana buƙatar sanin da kuma amfani da wasu dokoki - yadda za a ruwa, abinci, datsa.

Shin kuna sani? A lokacin da yayi Blooming Brugmansia, ƙanshi mai mahimmanci (musamman ma da dare) zai iya shafar mutum daban (haifar da ciwon kai, hallucinations, mafarkai da sauransu, da sauransu). Kowane iri na Brugmansia yana shawagi daban-daban (wanda ba shi da kyau - a Sanguinea, mafi karfi - a Suaveolens). Ƙawataccen abu ne tsakanin mintin lily, Jasmine, musk, Mint, lemun tsami da hyacinth. Ba'a bada shawara a sanya Brugmansia a ɗakuna, ɗakuna da ɗakuna.

Brugmansia: watering

Brugmancia ba ta da mahimmanci a ban ruwa, amma ya kamata a tuna cewa:

  • A lokacin zafi zafi, ruwan ya zama mai yalwaci (alamar alamar watering ita ce filin busassun ƙasa). Da maraice, za a iya yaduwa da shuka mai girma (lokacin da Brugmansia ke cikin furanni, kana buƙatar tabbatar da cewa ruwa baya fada cikin furanni). Matasan shuke-shuke suna buƙatar buradi na yau da kullum;

  • A cikin hunturu, watering yana da muhimmanci dangane da yanayin hunturu. A cikin ɗaki mai dumi da mai dadi za ka iya ajiye yanayin yanayin rani na ban ruwa, yada waɗannan tsire-tsire masu kusa da baturi ko mai caji. A cikin ɗaki mai sanyi - ƙananan watering (don kada ƙasa ta bushe, amma har ganyayyaki ba su rasa adadi).

Shin kuna sani? Bayan mutuwar shugaban Katsik, Indiyawa na Chibcha-Muiska a cikin Andes sunyi amfani da ruwan 'ya'yan matan aure da' yan marigayin na Brugmansia kuma sun binne su da rai tare da jikin shugaban. Yawan mutanen Jivaro, kafin fadace-fadace na soja, suka sanya kansu maƙiya daga kayan ado na wannan shuka don samun karfi da ƙarfin hali. A Colombia, wa] anda suka aikata laifuka, sun kara wa] ansu ganye, a asirce, don shawo kan laifuka (fashi, fyade).

Ciyar da Brugmans

Brugmansia yana da ciwo mai kyau. Dole ne ku ciyar da shi a kai a kai tare da takin mai magani. Brugmansia baya hana kwayoyin halitta - bayani na mullein (rabo zuwa ruwa yana daya zuwa goma). An fara cin abinci na farko na Brugmans a cikin bazara. A lokacin rani, ana ciyar da Brugmansia a kowace kwanaki 7-10 tare da takin mai magani mai mahimmanci. Da farkon flowering, mafi girma girmamawa an sanya a kan phosphorus da potassium-dauke da takin mai magani. Lokacin da aka yi dumi a cikin hunturu, saman miya yana rage sau ɗaya a wata. A cikin yanayin sanyi, gyaran ya tsaya.

Yana da muhimmanci! Lokacin da ratsan rawaya, streaks, dashes ko specks na daban-daban inuwa ya bayyana a kan ganyen Brugmancia, ya kamata a yi amfani da tsire-tsire da sauri tare da takin mai magani na nitrogen. Kuna buƙatar ciyar da sau ɗaya a wata a lokacin ci gaba da girma tare da sulfate magnesium (1 tbsp da lita na ruwa).

Yadda za a yanka Brugmans

Brugmansia baya buƙatar pruning na musamman, amma kulawa da shuka da yadawa ta hanyar cututtuka yana haifar da tsoma baki cikin lokaci. Bugu da kari, pruning na taimaka wa mafi kara kara flowering na Brugmancia. Mafi kyawun lokacin da za a cire lalacewa da kuma matattun mai tushe daga Fabrairu zuwa tsakiyar watan Maris. Babban tushe ba za a iya sa shi ba, kawai a kaikaice. Tsarin mulki na gaba shine ba a yanke sassan Y-siffa ba, kazalika don kiyaye rassan rassan kananan kwance a cikin ɓangare na kambi (zaka iya yanke shawarar su ta 1/3), an kafa furanni akan su.

Hanyar kula da Brugmancia a cikin hunturu

A cikin tsakiyar latitudes, Brugmancia ba zai iya yin hunturu a bude ƙasa ba. Lokacin da yawan zafin jiki a cikin fall ya sauko zuwa mataki na 5-7 ° C, wannan alama ce ta motsa zuwa "hunturu". Akwai hanyoyi da yawa don kiyaye Brugmans a cikin hunturu. Zaɓin ya dogara ne ko kuna son bayar da zaman lafiya na shuka ko kuma so ku mika tsawon flowering har sai Janairu da ya fi:

  • Don tsawan tsayi, Brugmancia ya kamata a sanya shi cikin ɗaki mai dumi, mai tsabta, ajiye yanayin kulawa na zamani. Ƙarin haske daga fitolampa (hasken rana a cikin hunturu ya takaice);

  • don tsawon rabin lokaci - don samun ɗakin da ya fi dadi, don yin jimawa sau ɗaya a wata, zuwa ruwa sau da yawa kuma don samar da ƙarin haske;

  • don hutawa - saka a cikin dakin duhu (tare da zafin jiki na 5 zuwa 8 digiri Celsius). Brugmansia za su zubar da ganye, a ƙarshen hunturu (kafin lokaci ya yi shuka a bude ƙasa) kana buƙatar canza shi zuwa ɗaki mai haske da dumi, saboda sabon buds zai fara tashi.

Yana da muhimmanci! Idan kana so ka sami zaman lafiya ga Brugmansia, to, ka tuna cewa yawan zafin jiki na sama da digiri 12-15 Celsius zai sa shuka ta "tashi". Idan kana so ka ci gaba da flowering - rashin isasshen haske zai haifar da girma da kuma shimfiɗawa da harbe. Shawara don yanke Brugmancia kamar yadda ya kamata don hunturu da kuma barin har sai da bazara a cikin dakin duhu ba daidai ba ne. Zai lalatar da shuka kuma ya hana ku daga cikin furanni mai tsammanin.

A lokacin da "sake komawa" zuwa wurare na hunturu, lallai ya zama wajibi a hankali a fitar da Brugmancia (tare da clod na duniya). Za a iya sanya wurin canja wurin canja wuri a cikin akwati da ake so, za a iya sanya shi a kan fim, a cire shi tare da matsi mai tsayi kuma koma zuwa wurin hunturu (cike da ƙuƙwalwa, kana buƙatar rufe shi a wuri). A cikin idon ruwa Brugmansiya za ta ci gaba a noma a filin bude. Don sauƙaƙa da dashi na gaba, yana da kyau a gaggauta dasa shuka a cikin akwati, kuma a cikin fall tare da akwati don cirewa. Don an rarraba kayan abinci da ruwa cikin ramuka.

Babban kwari da cututtuka na Brugmans

Babban kwari wanda ke barazana ga Brugmancia su ne gizo-gizo gizo-gizo (a gida), aphids, whiteflies, slugs da caterpillars (duk da kasancewa guba, suna cinye ganye da furanni). Babban alamun annoba na annoba shine lalacewa a kan ganye da furanni, fadowa ganye. Tsarin kulawa na jaka a wannan yanayin yayi kadan. Daga kwari ta yadda za a shawo kan shirye-shirye na musamman ("Aktellik", "Fiofarm", "Shuka Tsara", "Agravertin", "Inji Cibiyar"). Dole ne a biya bashin hankali ga bangarorin biyu na ganye da kuma internodes. Biyu ko uku jiyya a mako daya yawanci isa ya rabu da mu karin kwari. Kwayar lambu na Flower Brugmansia tana shan wuya daga cututtuka daban-daban, dasa shuki da kulawa da shuka ya kamata ya hada da matakan tsaro: Kada ku dasa wasu tsire-tsire kusa da su, a cikin hunturu, iska ɗakin da Brugmansia ke samuwa kullum. Florists bayar da shawarar cewa, don prophylaxis, sau ɗaya a kakar an zuba da yalwa don ruwa da gangaro da'irar tare da bayani na hydrated lemun tsami (1 g da lita na ruwa). Daga cikin cututtuka, Brugmancia yana shan wahala sosai daga launin toka. Dalilin da ya fi dacewa shine matsanancin laima. Dole ne a dakatar da ruwa (kimanin mako guda) domin ƙasa ta bushe, to za a cire harbe. Jiyya na shuka marasa lafiya tare da Topaz yana nufin taimakawa sosai tare da wannan cuta.